Systematic review of nondermatophyte mold onychomycosis: Diagnosis, clinical types, epidemiology, and treatment

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Volumn 66, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 494-502

  Gupta, Aditya K ^a,b,e   Drummond Main, Chris ^a,b,e   Cooper, Elizabeth A ^a,b,e   Brintnell, William ^a,b,e   Piraccini, Bianca Maria ^a,c,e   Tosti, Antonella ^a,d,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b MEDIPROBE RESEARCH INC   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e NONE

Author keywords

Aspergillus species; clinical type; diagnosis; epidemiology; nondermatophyte mold; onychomycosis; organism; Scopulariopsis brevicaulis; treatment

Indexed keywords

CICLOPIROX; FLUCONAZOLE; GRISEOFULVIN; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE; TERBINAFINE;

ACREMONIUM; ALTERNARIA; ASPERGILLUS; ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG PULSE THERAPY; FUNGUS; FUNGUS CULTURE; FUNGUS ISOLATION; FUSARIUM; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INOCULATION; MICROSCOPY; NATTRASSIA MANGIFERAE; NONDERMATOPHYTE MOLD ONYCHOMYCOSIS; ONYCHOCOLA CANADENSIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCOPULARIOPSIS BREVICAULIS; SCYTALIDIUM DIMIDIATUM; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; ASPERGILLOSIS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; SCOPULARIOPSIS;

EID: 84857457409     PISSN: 01909622     EISSN: 10976787     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.038     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. O. Welsh, L. Vera-Cabrera, and E. Welsh Onychomycosis Clin Dermatol 28 2010 151 159
2. S.H. Wang, and C.C. Chi Onychomycosis in Taiwan Int J Clin Pract 59 2005 906 911
3. S. Hilmioglu-Polat, D.Y. Metin, R. Inci, T. Dereli, I. Kilinc, and E. Tumbay Non-dermatophytic molds as agents of onychomycosis in Izmir, Turkey-a prospective study Mycopathologia 160 2005 125 128 (Pubitemid 41361232)
4. M.P. English Nails and fungi Br J Dermatol 94 1976 697 701
5. C.C. Chi, S.H. Wang, and M.C. Chou The causative pathogens of onychomycosis in southern Taiwan Mycoses 48 2005 413 420
6. N. Kacar, S. Ergin, C. Ergin, B.S. Erdogan, and I. Kaleli The prevalence, etiological agents and therapy of onychomycosis in patients with psoriasis: a prospective controlled trial Clin Exp Dermatol 32 2007 1 5 (Pubitemid 46006356)
7. J.T. Lim, H.C. Chua, and C.L. Goh Dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte onychomycosis in Singapore Australas J Dermatol 33 1992 159 163
8. R. Mercantini, R. Marsella, and D. Moretto Onychomycosis in Rome, Italy Mycopathologia 136 1996 25 32 (Pubitemid 127714994)
9. O. Bontems, P.M. Hauser, and M. Monod Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for dermatophyte and nondermatophyte identification in onychomycosis Br J Dermatol 161 2009 791 796
10. A.K. Gupta, C.B. Horgan-Bell, and R.C. Summerbell Onychomycosis associated with Onychocola canadensis: ten case reports and a review of the literature J Am Acad Dermatol 39 1998 410 417 (Pubitemid 28417375)
11. P. Godoy-Martinez, F.G. Nunes, J. Tomimori-Yamashita, M. Urrutia, L. Zaror, and V. Silva Onychomycosis in Sao Paulo, Brazil Mycopathologia 168 2009 111 116
12. E. Guilhermetti, G. Takahachi, C.S. Shinobu, and T.I. Svidzinski Fusarium spp. as agents of onychomycosis in immunocompetent hosts Int J Dermatol 46 2007 822 826 (Pubitemid 47162782)
13. Z. Erbagci, A. Tuncel, Y. Zer, and I. Balci A prospective epidemiological survey on the prevalence of onychomycosis and dermatophytosis in male boarding school residents Mycopathologia 159 2005 347 352 (Pubitemid 40747828)
14. R.C. Summerbell, E. Cooper, U. Bunn, F. Jamieson, and A.K. Gupta Onychomycosis: a critical study of techniques and criteria for confirming the etiological significance of nondermatophytes Med Mycol 43 2005 39 59 (Pubitemid 40192599)
15. J.M. Weinberg, E.K. Koestenblatt, W.D. Tutrone, H.R. Tischler, and L. Najarian Comparison of diagnostic methods in the evaluation of onychomycosis J Am Acad Dermatol 49 2003 193 197 (Pubitemid 36951263)
16. B.E. Elewski Large scale epidemiological study of causal agents of onychomycosis: mycological findings from the multicenter onychomycosis study of terbinafine Arch Dermatol 133 1997 1317 1318 (Pubitemid 27443836)
17. B.E. Elewski, J. Leyden, M.G. Rinaldi, and E. Atillasoy Office practice-based confirmation of onychomycosis: a US nationwide prospective survey Arch Intern Med 162 2002 2133 2138 (Pubitemid 35168222)
18. H. Nsanze, G.G. Lestringant, N. Mustafa, and M.A. Usmani Etiology of onychomycosis in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates Mycoses 38 1995 421 424
19. M.M. Walshe, and M.P. English Fungi in nails Br J Dermatol 78 1966 198 207
20. A.K. Gupta, E.A. Cooper, P. MacDonald, and R.C. Summerbell Utility of inoculum counting (Walshe and English criteria) in clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis caused by nondermatophytic filamentous fungi J Clin Microbiol 39 2001 2115 2121 (Pubitemid 32531468)
21. B. Kaur, B. Kashyap, and P. Bhalla Onychomycosis-epidemiology, diagnosis and management Indian J Med Microbiol 26 2008 108 116
22. N. Zaias Onychomycosis Arch Dermatol 105 1972 263 274
23. R. Baran, R.J. Hay, A. Tosti, and E. Haneke A new classification of onychomycosis Br J Dermatol 139 1998 567 571 (Pubitemid 28474299)
24. R. Baran, J. Faergemann, and R.J. Hay Superficial white onychomycosis-a syndrome with different fungal causes and paths of infection J Am Acad Dermatol 57 2007 879 882 (Pubitemid 47553070)
25. B.M. Piraccini, S. Lorenzi, and A. Tosti 'Deep' white superficial onychomycosis due to molds J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 16 2002 532 533 (Pubitemid 35174356)
26. A. Tosti, B.M. Piraccini, and S. Lorenzi Onychomycosis caused by nondermatophytic molds: clinical features and response to treatment of 59 cases J Am Acad Dermatol 42 2000 217 224 (Pubitemid 30469618)
27. B.M. Piraccini, and A. Tosti White superficial onychomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, and pathological study of 79 patients Arch Dermatol 140 2004 696 701 (Pubitemid 38747285)
28. A.K. Gupta, T. Gregurek-Novak, N. Konnikov, C.W. Lynde, S. Hofstader, and R.C. Summerbell Itraconazole and terbinafine treatment of some nondermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis of the toes and a review of the literature J Cutan Med Surg 5 2001 206 210 (Pubitemid 32591856)
29. A.K. Gupta, and R.C. Summerbell Combined distal and lateral subungual and white superficial onychomycosis in the toenails J Am Acad Dermatol 41 1999 938 944
30. A. Tosti, R. Baran, B.M. Piraccini, and P.A. Fanti "Endonyx" onychomycosis: a new modality of nail invasion by dermatophytes Acta Derm Venereol 79 1999 52 53 (Pubitemid 29079330)
31. R. Ungpakorn, S. Lohaprathan, and S. Reangchainam Prevalence of foot diseases in outpatients attending the Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand Clin Exp Dermatol 29 2004 87 90 (Pubitemid 38183661)
32. A.K. Gupta, H.C. Jain, C.W. Lynde, G.N. Watteel, and R.C. Summerbell Prevalence and epidemiology of unsuspected onychomycosis in patients visiting dermatologists' offices in Ontario, Canada-a multicenter survey of 2001 patients Int J Dermatol 36 1997 783 787 (Pubitemid 27497338)
33. M.I. Alvarez, L.A. Gonzalez, and L.A. Castro Onychomycosis in Cali, Colombia Mycopathologia 158 2004 181 186 (Pubitemid 39247034)
34. A. Del Palacio, M.-S. Cuetara, M. Garau, and S. Perea Onychomycosis: a prospective survey of prevalence and etiology in Madrid Int J Dermatol 45 2006 874 876 (Pubitemid 43984407)
35. C. Gianni, A. Cerri, and C. Crosti Non-dermatophytic onychomycosis: an underestimated entity? A study of 51 cases Mycoses 43 2000 29 33 (Pubitemid 30336853)
36. D.J. Ioannidou, S. Maraki, S.K. Krasagakis, A. Tosca, and Y. Tselentis The epidemiology of onychomycosis in Crete, Greece, between 1992 and 2001 J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20 2006 170 174 (Pubitemid 43740517)
37. M.A. Bokhari, I. Hussain, M. Jahangir, T.S. Haroon, S. Aman, and K. Khurshid Onychomycosis in Lahore, Pakistan Int J Dermatol 38 1999 591 595 (Pubitemid 29404789)
38. P.R. De Doncker, R.K. Scher, R.L. Baran, J. Decroix, H.J. Degreef, and D.I. Roseeuw Itraconazole therapy is effective for pedal onychomycosis caused by some nondermatophyte molds and in mixed infection with dermatophytes and molds: a multicenter study with 36 patients J Am Acad Dermatol 36 1997 173 177 (Pubitemid 27078906)
39. C. Gianni, and C. Romano Clinical and histological aspects of toenail onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus spp.: 34 cases treated with weekly intermittent terbinafine Dermatology 209 2004 104 110 (Pubitemid 39179079)
40. A.K. Gupta, and T. Gregurek-Novak Efficacy of itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole, griseofulvin and ketoconazole in the treatment of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis causing onychomycosis of the toes Dermatology 202 2001 235 238 (Pubitemid 32506972)
41. S. Nolting, M. Brautigam, and G. Weidinger Terbinafine in onychomycosis with involvement by non dermatophytic fungi Br J Dermatol 130 Suppl 1994 16 21 (Pubitemid 24203329)
42. B.E. Elewski, A. Tavakkol, R. Pollak, and S. Ashton A randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, investigator-blinded study of four treatment regimens of posaconazole in adults with toenail onychomycosis [abstract] J Am Acad Dermatol 62 Suppl 2010 AB76
43. A.S. Landsman, A.H. Robbins, P.F. Angelini, C.C. Wu, J. Cook, and M. Oster Treatment of mild, moderate, and severe onychomycosis using 870- and 930-nm light exposure J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100 2010 166 167
44. E. Bornstein A review of current research in light-based technologies for treatment of podiatric infectious disease states J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99 2009 348 352
45. A.K. Gupta, M. Uro, and E.A. Cooper Onychomycosis therapy: past, present, and future J Drugs Dermatol 9 2010 1109 1113
46. M. Barsness, S.P. Davis, R. Etheredge, K. Chang, and H. Kim Studies in drug transport vs. current in iontophoretic onychomycosis treatment Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009 2009 289 294
47. B. Amichai, B. Nitzan, R. Mosckovitz, and A. Shemer Iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine in onychomycosis: a preliminary study Br J Dermatol 162 2010 46 50
48. A.B. Nair, H.D. Kim, B. Chakraborty, J. Singh, M. Zaman, and A. Gupta Ungual and trans-ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis J Pharm Sci 98 2009 4130 4140
49. B.M. Piraccini, G. Rech, and A. Tosti Photodynamic therapy of onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum J Am Acad Dermatol 59 Suppl 2008 S75 S76