Braistem neurons responsible for postural, masseter or pharyngeal muscle atonia during paradoxical sleep in freely-moving cats

Archives Italiennes de Biologie

Volumn 149, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  Sakai, K ^a   Neuzeret, P C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

Author keywords

Disfacilitation; Inhibition; Motoneurons; REM sleep; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

ACTION POTENTIAL; ANIMAL; BODY POSTURE; BRAIN STEM; CAT; CYTOLOGY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; ELECTROSTIMULATION; INJURY; MASSETER MUSCLE; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; NERVE CELL; NERVE TRACT; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHARYNGEAL MUSCLE; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; REM SLEEP; REVIEW; WAKEFULNESS;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ANIMALS; BRAIN STEM; CATS; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; MASSETER MUSCLE; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; NEURAL PATHWAYS; NEURONS; PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES; POSTURE; REACTION TIME; SLEEP, REM; WAKEFULNESS;

EID: 84857433040     PISSN: 00039829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Baldissera F., Broggi G., Mancia M. Monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal reflexes during physiological sleep and wakefulness. Arch. Ital. Biol., 104: 112-133, 1966.
2. Berman A.L. The Brain Stem of the Cat. A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas with Stereotaxic Coordinates. Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press, 1968.
3. Carli G. and Zanchetti A. A study of pontine lesions suppressing deep sleep in the cat. Arch. Ital. Biol., 103: 751-788, 1965.
4. Chase M.H., Morales F.R., Boxer P.A., Fung S.J., Soja, P.J. Effect of stimulation of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis on the membrane potential of cat lumbar motoneurons during sleep and wakefulness. Brain Res., 386: 237-244, 1986.
5. Chase M.H. and Morales F.R. The atonia and myoclonia of active (REM) sleep. Ann. Rev. Psychol., 41: 557-584, 1990.
6. Chase M.H. and Morales F.R. Control of motoneurons during sleep. In: Kryger M.H., Roth T., Dement W.C. (Eds.) Principles and practice of sleep medicine, Philadelphia, WB Saunders: 154-168, 2005.
7. Chase M.H. Confirmation of the consensus that glycinergic postsynaptic inhibition is responsible for the atonia of REM sleep. Sleep, 31: 1487-1491, 2008.
8. Crochet S. and Sakai K. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor mediated paradoxical (REM) sleep inhibition in the cat. Neuroreport, 10: 2199-2204, 1999a.
9. Crochet S. and Sakai K. Effects of microdialysis application of monoamines on the EEG and behavioural states in the cat mesopontine tegmentum. Eur. J. Neurosci., 11: 3738-3752, 1999b.
10. Crochet S. and Sakai K. Dopaminergic modulation of behavioral states in mesopontine tegmentum: a reverse microdialysis study in freely moving cats. Sleep, 26: 801-806, 2003.
11. Crochet S., Onoe H., Sakai, K. A potent non-monoaminergic paradoxical sleep inhibitory system: a reverse microdialyis and single unit recording study Eur. J. Neurosci., 24: 1404-1412, 2006.
12. Fort P., Sakai K., Luppi P.H., Salvert D., Jouvet M. Monoaminergic, peptidergic and cholinergic afferents to the cat facial nucleus as evidenced by a double-immunostaining method with unconjugated cholera toxin as a retrograde tracer. J. Comp. Neurol., 301: 262-275, 1989.
13. Fort P., Luppi P.H., Sakai K., Salvert D., Jouvet M. Nuclei of origin of monoaminergic, peptidergic and cholinergic afferents to the cat trigeminal motor nucleus: a double-labeling study with cholera-toxin as a retrograde tracer. J. Comp. Neurol., 301: 262-275, 1991.
14. Fort P., Luppi P.H., Jouvet M. Glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the can brain stem reticular formation. Neuroreport, 4: 1123-1126, 1993.
15. Gassel M.M., Marchiafava P.L., Pompeiano O. Tonic and phasic inhibition of spinal reflexes during deep, desynchronized sleep in unrestrained cats. Arch. Ital. Biol., 102: 471-499, 1964.
16. Gassel M.M., Marchiafava P.L., Pompeiano O. An analysis of supraspinal influences acting on motoneurons during sleep in the unrestrained cat. Modification of the recurrent discharge of the alpha motoneurons during sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol., 103: 25-44, 1965.
17. Gassel M.M. and Pompeiano O. Fusimotor function during sleep in unrestrained cats. Arch. Ital. Biol., 103: 347-368, 1965.
18. Giaquinto S., Pompeiano O., Somogyi I. Descending inhibitory influence on spinal reflexes during natural sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol., 102: 282-307, 1964.
19. Glenn L.L., Foutz A.S., Dement W.C. Membrane potential of spinal motoneurons during natural sleep in cats. Sleep, 1: 199-204, 1978.
20. Henley K. and Morrison R. A re-evaluation of the effects of lesions of the pontine tegmentum and locus coeruleus on phenomena of paradoxical sleep in the cat. Acta. Neurobiol. Exp., 34: 215-232, 1974.
21. Hobson J.A., McCarley R.W., Wyzinski P. Sleep cycle oscillation: reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups. Science, 189: 55-58, 1975.
22. Holmes C.J. and Jones B.E. Importance of cholinergic, GABAergic, serotonergic and other neurons in the medial medullary reticular formation for sleepwake states studied by cycotoxic lesions in the cat. Neuroscience, 62: 1179-1200, 1994.
23. Holstege J.C. The ventro-medial medullary projections to spinal motoneurons: ultrastructural, transmitters and functional aspects. Prog. Brain Res, 107: 159-181, 1996.
24. Jacobs B.L. Overview of the activity of brain monoaminergic neurons across the sleep-wake cycle. In: Wauquier A., Gaillard J.M., Monti J.M., Radulovacki M. (Eds.) Sleep: Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators, New York, Raven Press: 1-14, 1985.
25. Jankowska E., Lund S., Lundberg A., Pompeiano O. Inhibitory effects evoked through ventral reticulospinal pathways. Arch. Ital. Biol., 106: 124-140, 1968.
26. Johnston G.A.R. Neuropharmacology of amino acid inhibitory transmitters. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 18: 269-289, 1978.
27. Jones B.E., Holmes C.J., Rodriguez-Veiga E., Mainvill L. GABA-synthesizing neurons in the medulla: their relationship to serotonin-containing and spinally projecting neurons in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 313: 349-367, 1991.
28. Jouvet M., Michel F., Courjon J. Sur un stade d'activité électrique cérébrale rapide au cours du sommeil physiologique. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 153: 1024-1028, 1959.
29. Jouvet M. Recherches sur les structures nerveuses et les mécanismes responsables des différentes phases du sommeil physiologique. Arch. Ital. Biol., 100: 125-206, 1962.
30. Jouvet M. The role of monoamines and acetylcholine-containing neurons in the regulation of the sleep-waking cycle. Ergebn. Physiol., 64: 166-307, 1972.
31. Kanamori N., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Neuronal activity specific to paradoxical sleep in the ventromedial medullary reticular formation of unrestrained cats. Brain Res., 189: 251-255, 1980.
32. Kodama T., Lai Y.Y., Siegel J.M. Enhanced glutamate release during REM sleep in the rostromedial medulla as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Brain Res., 780: 178-181, 1998.
33. Kodama T., Lai Y.Y., Siegel J.M. Changes in inhibitory amino acid release linked to pontine-induced atonia: an in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurosci., 23: 1548-1554, 2003.
34. Kohyama J.Y.Y.L. and Siegel J.M. Reticulospinal systems mediate atonia with short and long latencies. J. Neurophysiol., 80: 1839-1859, 1998.
35. Kubin L., Kimura H., Tojima H., Davies R.O., Pack A.L. Suppression of hypoglossal motoneurons during the carbachol-induced atonia of REM sleep is not caused by fast synaptic inhibition. Brain Res., 611: 300-312, 1993.
36. Kubin L., Reignier C., Tojima H., Taguchi O., Pack A.I. Changes in serotonin level in the hypoglossal nucleus region during carbachol-induced atonia. Brain Res., 645: 291-302, 1994.
37. Kubin L., Tojima H., Reignier C., Pack A.I., Davies R.O. Interaction of serotonergic excitatory drive to hypoglossal motoneurons with carbachol-induced, REM sleep-like atonia. Sleep, 19: 187-195, 1996.
38. Kubota K. and Kidokoro Y. Excitability of the membrane of lumbar motor neurons and natural sleep in the cat. Jap. J. Physiol., 16: 217-226, 1965.
39. Kubota K. and Tanaka R. The fusimotor activity and natural sleep in the cat. Brain Res., 3: 198-201, 1966.
40. Kuypers H.G.J.M. and Maisky V.A. Funicular trajectories of descending brain stem pathway in the cat. Brain Res., 136: 159-165, 1977.
41. La Vail J.H. and La Vail M.M. Retrograde axonal transport in the central nervous system. Science, 176: 1416-1417, 1972.
42. Lai Y.A. and Siegel J.M. Medullary regions mediating atonia. J. Neurosci., 8: 4790-4796, 1988.
43. Lai Y.Y., Kodama T., Siegel J.M. Changes in monoamine release in the ventral horn and hypoglossal nucleus linked to pontine inhibition of muscle tone: an in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurosci., 21: 7384-7391, 2001.
44. Lai Y.Y., Kodama T., Schenkel E., Siegel J.M. Behavioral responses and transmitter release during atonia elicited by medial medullary stimulation. J. Neurophysiol., 104: 2024-2033, 2010.
45. Landgren S., Olsson K.A., Westberg K.G. Bulbar neurons with axonal projections to the trigeminal motor nucleus in the cat. Exp. Brain Res., 65: 98-111, 1986.
46. Li Y.-Q., Takada M., Kaneko T., Mizuno N. GABAergic and glycinergic neurons projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus: A double labeling study in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 373: 498-510, 1996.
47. Li Y.-Q., Takada M., Kaneko T., Mizuno N. Distribution of GABAergic and glycinergic premotor neurons projecting to the facial and hypoglossal nuclei in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 378: 283-294, 1997.
48. Magoun H.W. and Rhines R. An inhibitory mechanism in the bulbar rerticular formation. J. Neurophysiol., 9: 165-171, 1946.
49. Mizuno N., Yasui Y., Nomura S., Itoh K., Konishi A., Takada M., Kudo M. A light and electron microscopic study of premotor neurons for the trigeminal motor nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol., 215: 290-298, 1988.
50. Morales F.R. and Chase M.H. Intracellular recordings of lumbar motoneuron membrane potential during sleep and wakefulness. Exp. Neurol., 62: 821-827, 1978.
51. Morales F.R. and Chase M.H. Postsynaptic control of lumbar motoneuron excitability during active sleep in the chronic cat. Brain Res., 225: 279-295, 1981.
52. Morales F.R., Sampogna S., Rampon C., Luppi P.H., Chase M.H. Brainstem glycinergic neurons and their activation during active (rapid eye movement) sleep in the cat. Neuroscience, 142: 37-47, 2006.
53. Mori S. Integration of posture and locomotion in acute decerebrate cats and in awake, freely moving cats. Progr. Neurobiol., 28: 785-809, 1987.
54. Mori S., Iwakiri H., Homma Y., Yokoyama T., Matsuyama K. Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological bases of postural control. Adv. Neurol., 67: 289-303, 1995.
55. Morrison A.R. and Pompeiano O. An analysis of the supraspinal influences acting on motoneurons during sleep in the unrestrained cat. Responses of the alpha motoneurons to direct electrical stimulation during sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol., 103: 497-516, 1965.
56. Nakamura Y., Goldberg L.G., Chandler S.H., Chase M.H. Intracellular analysis of trigeminal motoneuron activity during sleep in the cat. Science, 199: 204-207, 1978.
57. Neuzeret P.C., Sakai K., Gormand F., Petitjean T., Buda C., Sastre J.P., Parrot S., Guidon G., Lin J.S. Application of histamine or serotonin to the hypoglossal nucleus increases genioglossus muscle activity across the wake-sleep cycle. J. Sleep Res., 18: 113-121, 2009.
58. Ono T., Ishiwata Y., Inada N., Kuroda T., Nakamura Y. Hypoglossal premotor neurons with rhythmical inspiratory-related activity in the cat: Localization and projection to the phrenic nucleus. Exp. Brain Res., 98: 1-12, 1994.
59. Onoe H. and Sakai K. Kainate receptors: a novel mechanism in paradoxical (REM) sleep generation Neuroreport, 6: 353-356, 1995.
60. Peterson B.W., Pitts N.G., Fukushima K., Mackel R. Reticulo-spinal excitation and inhibition of neck motoneuron. Exp. Brain Res., 32: 471-489, 1978.
61. Peterson B.W. and Fukushima K. The reticulospinal system and its role in generating vestibular and visuomotor reflexes. In: Sjölund B. and Björklund A. (Eds.) Brain Stem Control of Spinal Mechanisms, Amsterdam, Elsevier: 225-251, 1982.
62. Petijean F., Insomnie et hypersomnie chez le chat. Thesis. Doctorat ès Sciences, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, 1981, p. 422.
63. Pitts R.F. The respiratory center and its descending pathway. J. Comp. Neurol., 72: 605-625, 1940.
64. Pompeiano O. Mechanisms responsible for spinal inhibition during desynchronized sleep: experimental study. In: Guilleminaul C., Dement W.C., Passouant P. (Eds.) Advances in Sleep Research. Narcolepsy, Vol. 3, New York, Spectrum: 411-449, 1976.
65. Russel G.V. The nucleus locus coeruleus (dorsolateralis tegmenti). Tex. Rep. Biol. Med., 13: 939-988, 1955.
66. Sakai K., Kanamori N., Jouvet M. Activités unitaires spécifiques du sommeil paradoxal dans la formation réticulée bulabire chez le Chat non-restreint. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 289: 557-561, 1979a.
67. Sakai K., Sastre J.P., Salvert D., Touret M., Tohyama M., Jouvet M. Tegmentoreticular projections with special reference to the muscular atonia during paradoxical sleep in the cat: an HRP study. Brain Res., 176: 233-254, 1979b.
68. Sakai K. Some anatomical and physiological properties of ponto-mesencephalic tegmental neurons with special reference to PGO waves and postural atonia during paradoxical sleep in the cat. In: Hobson J.A. and Brazier M.A.B. (Eds.) The Reticular Formation Revisited, New York, Raven Press: 427-447, 1980.
69. Sakai K., Sastre J.P., Kanamori N., Jouvet M. Statespecific neurons in the ponto-medullar reticular formation with special reference to the postural atonia during paradoxical sleep in the cat. In: Ajimone-Marsan C. and Pompeiano O. (Eds.) Brain Mechanisms and Perceptual Awareness, New York, Raven Press: 405-429, 1981.
70. Sakai K. Anatomical and physiological basis of paradoxical sleep. In: McGinty D.J., Drucker-Colin R., Morrison A.R., Parmeggiani L. (Eds.) Brain Mechanisms of Sleep, New York, Raven Press: 111-137, 1985.
71. Sakai K. Executive mechanisms of paradoxical sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol., 126: 239-257, 1988.
72. Sakai K., El Mansari M., Lin J.S., Zhang J.G., Vanni-Mercier G. The posterior hypothalamus in the regulation of wakefulness and paradoxical sleep. In: Mancia M. and Marini M. (Eds.) The Diencephalon and Sleep, New York, Raven Press: 171-198, 1990.
73. Sakai K. Physiological properties and afferent connections of the locus coeruleus and adjacent tegmental neurons involved in the generation of paradoxical sleep in the cat. In: Barnes C.D. and Pompeiano O. (Eds.) Neurobiology of the Locus Coeruleus, Prog. Brain Res., Vol. 88, Amsterdam, London, Oxford, Tokyo, Elsevier: 31-45, 1991.
74. Sakai K. and Koyama Y. Are there cholinergic and non-cholinergic paradoxical sleep-on neurons in the pons? Neuroreport, 7: 2449-2453, 1996.
75. 3 muscarinic receptors in paradoxical sleep generation in the cat. Eur. J. Neurosci., 9: 415-423, 1997.
76. Sakai K. and Kanamori N. Are there non-monoaminergic paradoxical sleep-off neurons in the brainstem? Sleep Res. Online, 2: 57-63, 1999.
77. Sakai K., Crochet S., Onoe H. Pontine structures and mechanisms involved in the generation of paradoxical (REM) sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol., 139: 93-107, 2001.
78. Sakai K. and Crochet S. A neural mechanism of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep Biol. Rhyth., 1: 29-42, 2003.
79. Sakai K. Electrophysiological studies of serotonergic neurons and sleep. In: Monti J.M., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Jacobs B.L., Nutt D. (Eds.) Serotonin and Sleep: Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects, Basel, Switzerland, Birkhauser Verlag: 205-236, 2008.
80. Sastre J., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Persistence du sommeil paradoxal chez le chat après destruction de l'aire gigantocellulaire du tegmentum pontique par l'acide kaïnique. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 289: 959-964, 1979.
81. Sastre J.P. and Jouvet M. Le comportement onirique du chat. Physiol. Behav., 22: 979-989, 1979.
82. Sastre J.P., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Are the gigantocellular tegmental field neurons responsible for paradoxical sleep? Brain Res., 229: 147-161, 1981.
83. Stornetta R.L. and Guyenet P.G. Distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA-containing neurons in rat medulla projecting to thoracic spinal cord in relation to monoaminergic brainstem neurons. J. Comp. Neurol., 407: 367-380, 1999.
84. Takada M., Itoh K., Yasui Y., Mitani A., Nomura S., Mizuno N. Distribution of premotor neurons for the hypoglossal nucleus in the cat. Neurosci. Lett., 52: 141-146, 1984.
85. Takahashi K., Lin J.S., Sakai K. Neuronal activity of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons during wake-sleep states in the mouse. J. Neurosci., 26: 10292-10298, 2006.
86. Takahashi K., Kayama Y., Lin J.S., Sakai K. Locus coeruleus neuronal activity during the sleep-waking cycle in mice. Neuroscience, 169: 1115-1126, 2010.
87. Takakusaki K., Ohta Y., Mori S. Single medullary reticulospinal neurons exert postsynaptic inhibitory effects via inhibitory interneurons upon alphamotoneurons innervating cat hindlimb muscles. Exp. Brain Res., 201: 1-13, 1989.
88. Takakusaki K., Shimoda N., Matsuyama K., Mori S. Discharge properties of medullary reticulospinal neurons during postural changes induced by intrapontine injections of carbachol, atropine and serotonin, and their finctional linkages to hindlimb motoneurons in cats. Exp. Brain Res., 99: 361-374, 1994.
89. Takakusaki K., Kohyama J., Matsuyama K., Mori S. Medullary reticulospinal tract mediating the generalized motor inhibition in cats: parallel inhibitory mechanisms acting on motoneurons and on interneuronal transmission in reflex pathways. Neuroscience, 103: 511-527, 2001.
90. Todd A.J. and Sullivan A.C. Light microscopic study of the coexsistence of GABA-like and glycine-like immunoreactivities in the spinal cord of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 296: 496-505, 1990.
91. Tohyama M., Sakai K., Touret M., Salvert D., Jouvet M. Spinal projections from the lower brainstem in the cat as demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase technique. I. Origins of the reticulospinal tract and their funicular trajectories. Brain Res., 173: 383-403, 1979a.
92. Tohyama M., Sakai K., Salvert D., Touret M., Jouvet M. Spinal projections from the lower brainstem in the cat as demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase technique. II. Projections from the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and raphe nuclei. Brain Res., 176: 233-254, 1979b.
93. Vanni-Mercier G., Sakai K., Lin J.S., Jouvet M. Mapping of cholinoceptive brainstem structures responsible for the generation of paradoxical sleep in the cat. Arch. Ital. Biol., 127: 133-164, 1989.
94. Vanni-Mercier G., Sakai K., Lin J.S., Jouvet M. Carbachol microinjections in the mediodorsal pontine tegmentum are unable to induce paradoxical sleep after caudal pontine and prebulbar transections in the cat. Neurosci. Lett., 130: 41-45, 1991.
95. Vetrivelan R., Fuller P., Tong Q., Lu J. Medullay circuitry regulating rapid eye movement sleep and motor atonia. J. Neurosci., 29: 9361-9369, 2009.
96. Webster H.H., Friedman L., Jones B.E. Modification of paradoxical sleep following transections of the reticular formation at the pontomedullary junction. Sleep, 9: 1-23, 1986.
97. Yamamoto K., Mamelak A.N., Quattrochi J.J., Hobson J.A. A cholinoceptive desynchronized sleep induction zone in the anterodorsal pontine tegmentum: locus of the sensitive region. Neuroscience, 39: 279-293, 1990.
98. Zanchetti A. Brain stem mechanisms of sleep. Anesthesiology, 28: 81-98, 1967.
99. Zepelin H. and Rechtshaffen A. Mammalian sleep, longevity and energy metabolism. Brain Behav. Evol., 10: 425-470, 1974.