Determination of brominated flame retardants in Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa

Water Science and Technology

Volumn 65, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 743-749

  Olukunle, O I ^a   Okonkwo, O J ^a   Kefeni, K K ^a   Lupankwa, M ^a  

^a TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Brominated flame retardants; River water; Sediment

Indexed keywords

ANALYTES; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DETECTION LIMITS; DRY WEIGHT; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; EXTRACTION EFFICIENCIES; LIQUID-LIQUIDS; N-HEXANE; OPTIMUM VALUE; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; RIVER CATCHMENT; RIVER WATER; SOLID-PHASE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOXHLET EXTRACTION; ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION; WATER SAMPLES; WATER SYSTEM;

ACETONE; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; CATCHMENTS; DICHLOROMETHANE; HEXANE; LIQUIDS; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; RECOVERY; RIVERS; SEDIMENTS; SILICA GEL; ULTRASONIC APPLICATIONS;

SEDIMENTOLOGY;

ACETONE; BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE; DICHLOROMETHANE; ETHER DERIVATIVE; HEXANE; RIVER WATER;

BROMINE COMPOUND; CATCHMENT; CLEANUP; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DILUTION; FLUVIAL DEPOSIT; GEL; POLLUTANT; SEDIMENT POLLUTION; SILICA; TOXICITY; ULTRASONICS;

ARTICLE; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANT; CONTROLLED STUDY; LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION; POLLUTANT; PRODUCTIVITY; RIVER; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; SOUTH AFRICA; SOXHLET EXTRACTION; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER TREATMENT;

ANIMALS; CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; HALOGENATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS; RIVERS; SOUTH AFRICA;

GAUTENG; JUKSKEI RIVER; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 84857390971     PISSN: 02731223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.894     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Awofolu, R. O. & Fatoki, O. S. 2003 Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in fresh water systems and sediments from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Water SA 29 (3), 323-330. (Pubitemid 37007926)
2. Bientinesi, M. & Petarca, L. 2009 Comparative environmental analysis of waste brominated plastic thermal treaments. Waste Management 29, 1095-1102.
3. Birnbaum, L. S. & Staskal, D. F. 2004 Brominated flame retardants: Cause for concern? Environmental Health Perspectives 112 (1), 9-17. (Pubitemid 38081507)
4. BSEF 2006 The European legislation and brominated flame retardants. Available from: http://www.bsef.com/regulation/ Europe/an-overview-of-european- legislation (accessed 11 April 2009).
5. BSEF 2011 About tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Available from: http://www.bsef.com/our-substances/tbbpa/abouttbbpa (accessed 23 May 2011).
6. Campbell, L. A. 1996 The waste assimilation capacity of a reach of the Jukskei River just down stream of Alexandra township. Available from: http://www.ru.ac.za/static/institutes/iwr/ SANCIAHS/index/L01-05.pdf (accessed 11 April 2009).
7. Chen, L., Huang, Y., Peng, X., Xu, Z., Zhang, S., Ren, M. & Wang, X. 2009 PBDES in sediments of the beijiang River, China: levels, distribution and influence of total organic carbon. Chemosphere 76 (2), 226-231.
8. Covaci, A., Voorspoels, S. & de Boer, J. 2003 Determination of brominated flame retardants, with emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental and human samples - a review. Environment International 29 (6), 735-7560.
9. D'Silva,K., Fernandes,A. & Rose, M. 2004 Brominated organic micropollutants - igniting the flame retardant issue. Critical Reviews inEnvironmental Science and Technology 34, 141-207.
10. de Wit, C. A. 2002 An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere 46 (5), 583-624.
11. de Wit, C. A., Alaee, M. & Muir, D. C. 2006 Levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the Arctic. Chemosphere 64 (2), 209-233. (Pubitemid 43831142)
12. Eljarrat, E., De La Cal, A., Larrazabal, D., Fabrella, B., Fernandez- Alba, A. R., Borrull, F., Francesc, M., Rosa, M. & Barcelo, D. 2005 Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in coastal sediments from Spain. Environmental Pollution 136 (3), 493-501.
13. Hu, G., Xu, Z., Dai, J., Mai, B., Cao, H., Wang, J., Shi, Z. & Xu, M. 2010 Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and decabromodiphenylethane in surface sediments from Fuhe River and Baiyangdan Lake, North China. Environmental Sciences 22 (12), 1833-1839.
14. Labadie, P. T. K., Alliot, F., Bourges, C., Desportes, A. & Chevreuil, M. 2010 Developmet of analytical procedures for trace-level determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabomobisphenol A in river water and sediment. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 396, 865-875.
15. Li, Q., Yan, C., Luo, Z. & Zhang, X. 2010 Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDES) in recent sediments and marine organisms from Xiamen offshore areas, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60 (3), 464-469.
16. Liu, Y., Zheng, G. J., Yu, H., Martin, M., Richardson, B. J., Lam, M. H. W. & Lam, P. K. S. 2005 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDES) in sediments and mussel tissues from Hong Kong marine waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50 (11), 1173-1184. (Pubitemid 41632421)
17. Moller, A., Xie, Z., Surm, R. & Ebinghaus, R. 2011 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants in air and seawater of the European Arctic. Environmental Pollution 159 (6), 1577-1583.
18. Odusanya, D. O., Okonkwo, O. J. & Botha, B. 2009 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDES) in leachates from selected landfill sites in South Africa. Waste Management 29 (1), 96-102.
19. Polder, A., Venter, B., Skaare, J. U. & Bouwan, H. 2008 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and HBCD in bird eggs of South Africa. Chemosphere 73 (2), 148-154.
20. Qiu, X., Zhu, T. & Hu, J. 2010 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDES) and other flame retardants in the atmosphere and water from Taihu Lake, East China. Chemosphere 80 (10), 1207-1212.
21. Sibali, L., Okonkwo, O. J. & Mccrindle, I. R. 2008 Determination of selected organochlorine pesticide (OCP) compounds from the Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa. Water SA 34 (5), 611-621.
22. Sudaryanto, A., Kajiwara, N., Takahashi, S., Muawanah, H. & Tanabe, S. 2008 Geographical distribution and accumulation features of PBDES in human breast milk from Indonesia. Environmental Pollution 151 (1), 130-138. (Pubitemid 350193256)
23. Sun, C., Dong, Y., Xu, S., Yao, S., Dai, J., Han, S. & Wang, L. 2002 Trace analysis of dissolved polychlorinated organic compounds in the water of the Yangtse River (Nanjing, China). Environmental Pollution 117, 9-14. (Pubitemid 34076444)
24. Ter schure, A. F. H., Larsson, P., Agrell, C. & Boon, J. P. 2004 Atmospheric transport of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls to the Baltic Sea. Environmental Science and Technology 38 (5), 1282-1287.
25. UNEP 2009 The 9 new POPs under the Stockholm Convention. Available from: http://www.chm.pops.int/programme/new (accessed 09 April 2011).
26. USEPA method 1614 2003 Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.