Association of returning to work with better health in working-aged adults: A systematic review

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 102, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 541-556

  Rueda, Sergio ^a   Chambers, Lori ^a   Wilson, Mike ^a   Mustard, Cameron ^b   Rourke, Sean B ^a   Bayoumi, Ahmed ^b   Raboud, Janet ^b   Lavis, John ^c  

^a ONTARIO HIV TREATMENT NETWORK   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EMPLOYMENT; FACTUAL DATABASE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; MEDICAL LEAVE; MIDDLE AGED; REHABILITATION; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

DATABASES, FACTUAL; EMPLOYMENT; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; REHABILITATION; SICK LEAVE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84857306515     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300401     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Gallo WT, Teng HM, Falba TA, Kasl SV, Krumholz HM, Bradley EH. The impact of late career job loss on myocardial infarction and stroke: a 10 year follow up using the health and retirement survey. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63(10):683-687. (Pubitemid 44519005)
2. Strully KW. Job loss and health in the US labor market. Demography. 2009;46(2):221-246.
3. Kasl SV, Rodriguez E, Lasch KE. The impact of unemployment on health and well-being. In: Dohrenwend BPE, ed. Adversity, Stress, and Psychopathology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1998:111-131.
4. Gallo WT, Bradley EH, Siegel M, Kasl SV. Health effects of involuntary job loss among older workers: findings from the Health and Retirement Survey. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000;55(3):S131-S140. (Pubitemid 30305431)
5. Bartley M. Unemployment and ill health: understanding the relationship. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1994;48(4):333-337. (Pubitemid 24271301)
6. Sullivan D, von Wachter T. Job displacement and mortality: an analysis using administrative data. Q J Econ. 2009;124(3):1265-1306.
7. Martikainen PT. Unemployment and mortality among Finnish men, 1981-5. BMJ. 1990;301(6749): 407-411. (Pubitemid 20279230)
8. Martikainen PT, Valkonen T. Excess mortality of unemployed men and women during a period of rapidly increasing unemployment. Lancet. 1996;348 (9032):909-912. (Pubitemid 26333846)
9. Morris JK, Cook DG, Shaper AG. Loss of employment and mortality. BMJ. 1994;308(6937):1135-1139. (Pubitemid 24130975)
10. Sorlie PD, Rogot E. Mortality by employment status in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132(5):983-992. (Pubitemid 20363677)
11. Stefansson CG. Long-term unemployment and mortality in Sweden, 1980-1986. Soc Sci Med. 1991; 32(4):419-423.
12. Catalano R, Goldman-Mellor S, Saxton K, et al. The health effects of economic decline. Annu Rev Public Health. 2011;32:431-450.
13. Jin RL, Shah CP, Svoboda TJ. The impact of unemployment on health: a review of the evidence. J Public Health Policy. 1997;18(3):275-301. (Pubitemid 27475436)
14. Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med. 1965;58(5):295-300.
15. Blane D, Smith GD, Bartley M. Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? Sociol Health Illn. 1993;15(1):1-15.
16. Bartley M. Unemployment and health: selection or causation-a false antithesis? Sociol Health Illn. 1988; 10(1):41-67.
17. Adda J, Chandola T, Marmot M. Socio-economic status and health: causality and pathways. J Econom. 2003;112(1):57-63.
18. Ross CE, Mirowsky J. Does employment affect health? J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36(3):230-243.
19. Wade TJ, Pevalin DJ. Marital transitions and mental health. J Health Soc Behav. 2004;45(2):155-170. (Pubitemid 41454425)
20. Breslin FC, Mustard C. Factors influencing the impact of unemployment on mental health among young and older adults in a longitudinal, populationbased survey. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003;29 (1):5-14. (Pubitemid 36231035)
21. Wells G, Shea B, O'Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. 2008. Available at: http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical-epidemiology/oxford.htm. Accessed June 1, 2010.
22. Kawamoto K, Houlihan CA, Balas EA, Lobach DF. Improving clinical practice using clinical decision support systems: a systematic review of trials to identify features critical to success. BMJ. 2005;330(7494): 765-768. (Pubitemid 40522338)
23. Hall P, Soskice D. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001.
24. Banks MH, Jackson PR. Unemployment and risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Psychol Med. 1982; 12(4):789-798. (Pubitemid 13174848)
25. Feather NT, O'Brien GE. A longitudinal analysis of the effects of different patterns of employment and unemployment on school-leavers. Br J Psychol. 1986; 77(4):459-479.
26. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lynskey MT. The effects of unemployment on psychiatric illness during young adulthood. Psychol Med. 1997;27(2):371-381. (Pubitemid 27139970)
27. Graetz B. Health consequences of employment and unemployment: longitudinal evidence for young men and women. Soc Sci Med. 1993;36(6):715-724.
28. Hammarström A. Health consequences of youth unemployment. Public Health. 1994;108(6):403-412. (Pubitemid 24347086)
29. Hammarström A, Janlert U. Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems: results from a longitudinal study of school leavers. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56(8):624-630. (Pubitemid 34791481)
30. Hammarström A, Janlert U, Theorell T. Youth unemployment and ill health: results from a 2-year follow-up study. Soc Sci Med. 1988;26(10):1025- 1033.
31. Hammer T. Unemployment and mental health among young people: a longitudinal study. J Adolesc. 1993;16(4):407-420. (Pubitemid 24035456)
32. Morrell S, Taylor R, Quine S, Kerr C, Western J. A cohort study of unemployment as a cause of psychological disturbance in Australian youth. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38(11):1553-1564. (Pubitemid 24124490)
33. Morrell S, Taylor R, Quine S, Kerr C, Western J. A case-control study of employment status and mortality in a cohort of Australian youth. Soc Sci Med. 1999; 49(3):383-392. (Pubitemid 29281827)
34. Meân Patterson LJ. Long-term unemployment amongst adolescents: a longitudinal study. J Adolesc. 1997;20(3):261-280.
35. Prause JA, Dooley D. Effect of underemployment on school-leavers' self-esteem. J Adolesc. 1997;20(3): 243-260. (Pubitemid 27285460)
36. Schaufeli WB. Youth unemployment and mental health: some Dutch findings. J Adolesc. 1997;20(3): 281-292. (Pubitemid 27285462)
37. Winefield AH, Tiggemann M. Affective reactions to employment and unemployment as a function of prior expectations and motivation. Psychol Rep. 1994;75(1 Pt 1):243-247.
38. Winefield AH, Tiggemann M, Goldney RD. Psychological concomitants of satisfactory employment and unemployment in young people. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1988;23(3):149-157.
39. Winefield AH, Tiggemann M, Winefield HR. The psychological impact of unemployment and unsatisfactory employment in young men and women: longitudinal and cross-sectional data. Br J Psychol. 1991;82(4): 473-486.
40. Winefield HR, Winefield AH, Tiggemann M, Smith S. Unemployment, drug use, and health in late adolescence. Psychother Psychosom. 1987;47(3-4): 204-210.
41. Abbas AE, Brodie B, Stone G, et al. Frequency of returning to work one and six months following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(11):1403-1405. (Pubitemid 39556210)
42. Boudrez H, De Backer G. Recent findings on return to work after an acute myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting. Acta Cardiol. 2000;55(6):341-349. (Pubitemid 32147037)
43. Dawson DR, Levine B, Schwartz ML, Stuss DT. Acute predictors of real-world outcomes following traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Brain Inj. 2004;18(3):221-238. (Pubitemid 38213174)
44. Gard G, Gille KA, Grahn B. Functional activities and psychosocial factors in the rehabilitation of patients with low back pain. Scand J Caring Sci. 2000;14(2):75-81.
45. Joy JM, Lowy J, Mansoor JK. Increased pain tolerance as an indicator of return to work in low-back injuries after work hardening. Am J Occup Ther. 2001; 55(2):200-205. (Pubitemid 33599906)
46. Lötters F, Hogg-Johnson S, Burdorf A. Health status, its perceptions, and effect on return to work and recurrent sick leave. Spine. 2005;30(9):1086-1092. (Pubitemid 40663918)
47. McLain RF. Functional outcomes after surgery for spinal fractures: return to work and activity. Spine. 2004;29(4):470-477. (Pubitemid 38209724)
48. Moeri R, Balague F, Carron R, van Melle G. Lombalgies chroniques et reinsertion professionnelle: facteurs pronostiques [Chronic back pain and professional rehabilitation: prognostic factors]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1991;121(50):1897-1899.
49. Nandi A, Galea S, Tracy M, et al. Job loss, unemployment, work stress, job satisfaction, and the persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after the September 11 attacks. J Occup Environ Med. 2004; 46(10):1057-1064. (Pubitemid 39362471)
50. Rao N, Rosenthal M, Cronin-Stubbs D, Lambert R, Barnes P, Swanson B. Return to work after rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1990;4(1): 49-56. (Pubitemid 20091672)
51. Roquebrune JP, Cottez JL, Baudouy M. Reprise du travail apres infarctus du myocarde [Return to work after myocardial infarction]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 1981;30(2):121-124. (Pubitemid 11134158)
52. Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Romito P, Ancel PY, Lelong N. Unemployment and psychological distress one year after childbirth in France. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54(3):185-191. (Pubitemid 30102841)
53. Schönherr MC, Groothoff JW, Mulder GA, Eisma WH. Participation and satisfaction after spinal cord injury: results of a vocational and leisure outcome study. Spinal Cord. 2005;43(4):241-248. (Pubitemid 40546724)
54. Stansfeld SA, Fuhrer R, Head J, Ferrie J, Shipley M. Work and psychiatric disorder in the Whitehall II study. J Psychosom Res. 1997;43(1):73-81. (Pubitemid 27351036)
55. Strand LI, Ljunggren AE, Haldorsen EM, Espehaug B. The impact of physical function and pain on work status at 1-year follow-up in patients with back pain. Spine. 2001;26(7):800-808. (Pubitemid 32273160)
56. Sykes DH, Hanley M, Boyle DM, Higginson JDS. Work strain and the post-discharge adjustment of patients following a heart attack. Psychol Health. 2000; 15(5):609-623.
57. Vestling M, Tufvesson B, Iwarsson S. Indicators for return to work after stroke and the importance of work for subjective well-being and life satisfaction. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35(3):127-131. (Pubitemid 36681705)
58. Kauderer-Hubel M, Buchwalsky R. Aspekte der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung nach Herzinfarkt in Abhangigkeit vom Schweregrad der Erkrankung-Nachbefragung von Patienten mit Anschlussheilbehandlung. [Aspects of vocational reintegration following myocardial infarct in relation to disease severity-follow-up of patients with after-care treatment]. Rehabilitation. 1986; 25(1):9-13. (Pubitemid 16173661)
59. Alexander CS, Markowitz R. Maternal employment and use of pediatric clinic services. Med Care. 1986; 24(2):134-147. (Pubitemid 16128185)
60. Brenner SO, Levi L. Long-term unemployment among women in Sweden. Soc Sci Med. 1987;25(2): 153-161.
61. Clingerman E, Stuifbergen A, Becker H. The influence of resources on perceived functional limitations among women with multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Nurs. 2004;36(6):312-321.
62. Daltroy LH, Iversen MD, Larson MG, et al. A controlled trial of an educational program to prevent low back injuries. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(5):322-328. (Pubitemid 27318995)
63. Dooley D, Catalano R, Wilson G. Depression and unemployment: panel findings from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. Am J Community Psychol. 1994;22(6):745-765.
64. Dunham MD, Multon KD, Koller JR. A comparison of adult learning disability subtypes in the vocational rehabilitation system. Rehabil Psychol. 1999;44(3):248-265. (Pubitemid 29380064)
65. Ferrie JE, Martikainen P, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG, Stansfeld SA, Smith GD. Employment status and health after privatisation in white collar civil servants: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2001;322(7287):647-651. (Pubitemid 32234499)
66. Montgomery SM, Cook DG, Bartley MJ, Wadsworth MEJ. Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young British men. Eur J Public Health. 1998;8(1):21-27. (Pubitemid 28158755)
67. Montgomery SM, Cook DG, Bartley MJ, Wadsworth MEJ. Unemployment pre-dates symptoms of depression and anxiety resulting in medical consultation in young men. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28(1):95-100. (Pubitemid 29086217)
68. Morris JK, Cook DG, Shaper AG. Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking, and body weight. BMJ. 1992;304(6826):536-541.
69. Pelicier Y. Psychopathologic problems related to unemployment. [Problèmes psychopathologiques liés au chômage.] Presse Therm Clim. 1984;121(4):193-195. (Pubitemid 15139680)
70. Philippe A. Suicide et chômage. [Suicide and unemployment.] Psychol Med (Paris). 1988;20(3):380-382.
71. Reine I, Novo M, Hammarström A. Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? Results from a 14-year follow-up study with a focus on psychological health and smoking. Public Health. 2004;118(5):337-345. (Pubitemid 38724201)
72. Sacker A, Wiggins RD, Bartley M, McDonough P. Self-rated health trajectories in the United States and the United Kingdom: a comparative study. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(5):812-818. (Pubitemid 47280125)
73. Samele C, van Os J, McKenzie K, et al. Does socioeconomic status predict course and outcome in patients with psychosis? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001;36(12):573-581. (Pubitemid 34093042)
74. Sasseville M, Grunberg F. Chômage et santé mentale. [Unemployment and mental health.] Can J Psychiatry. 1987; 32(9):798-802. (Pubitemid 18017472)
75. Wehman PH, Revell WG, Kregel J, Kreutzer JS, Callahan M, Banks PD. Supported employment: an alternative model for vocational rehabilitation of persons with severe neurologic, psychiatric, or physical disability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;72(2):101-105.
76. Whyte AS, Carroll LJ. A preliminary examination of the relationship between employment, pain and disability in an amputee population. Disabil Rehabil. 2002;24(9): 462-470. (Pubitemid 34763946)
77. Frese M, Mohr G. Prolonged unemployment and depression in older workers: a longitudinal study of intervening variables. Soc Sci Med. 1987;25(2):173-178.
78. Hamilton VL, Hoffman WS, Broman CL, Rauma D. Unemployment, distress, and coping: a panel study of autoworkers. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;65(2):234-247.
79. Beiser M, Johnson PJ, Turner RJ. Unemployment, underemployment and depressive affect among Southeast Asian refugees. Psychol Med. 1993;23(3):731-743. (Pubitemid 23268090)
80. Bond GR, Resnick SG, Drake RE, Xie H, McHugo GJ, Bebout RR. Does competitive employment improve nonvocational outcomes for people with severe mental illness? J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69(3): 489-501. (Pubitemid 32667031)
81. Bromberger JT, Matthews KA. Employment status and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: a longitudinal investigation. Am J Public Health. 1994;84 (2):202-206. (Pubitemid 24138451)
82. Caplan RD, Vinokur AD, Price RH, van Ryn M. Job seeking, reemployment, and mental health: a randomized field experiment in coping with job loss. J Appl Psychol. 1989;74(5):759-769.
83. Claussen B. Psychologically and biochemically assessed stress in a follow-up study of long-term unemployed. Work Stress. 1994;8(1):4-18. (Pubitemid 24183308)
84. Claussen B. Health and re-employment in a fiveyear follow-up of long-term unemployed. Scand J Public Health. 1999;27(2):94-100. (Pubitemid 30619683)
85. Claussen B. Alcohol disorders and re-employment in a 5-year follow-up of long-term unemployed. Addiction. 1999;94(1):133-138. (Pubitemid 29043373)
86. DiClementi JD, Ross MK, Mallo C, Johnson SC. Predictors of successful return to work from HIV-related disability. J HIV AIDS Soc Serv. 2004;3(3):89-96. (Pubitemid 41227045)
87. Ginexi EM, Howe GW, Caplan RD. Depression and control beliefs in relation to reemployment: what are the directions of effect? J Occup Health Psychol. 2000;5(3): 323-336.
88. Mueser KT, Becker DR, Torrey WC, et al. Work and nonvocational domains of functioning in persons with severe mental illness: a longitudinal analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185(7):419-426. (Pubitemid 27313833)
89. Payne R, Jones JG. Social class and re-employment: changes in health and perceived financial circumstances. J Occup Behav. 1987;8(2):175-184.
90. Schaufeli WB, VanYperen NW. Unemployment and psychological distress among graduates: a longitudinal study. J Occup Organ Psychol. 1992;65(4):291-305.
91. Soumerai SB, Avorn J. Perceived health, life satisfaction, and activity in urban elderly: a controlled study of the impact of part-time work. J Gerontol. 1983;38(3): 356-362. (Pubitemid 13083972)
92. Studnicka M, Studnicka-Benke A, Wogerbauer G, et al. Psychological health, self-reported physical health and health service use. Risk differential observed after one year of unemployment. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1991;26(2):86-91.
93. Thomas C, Benzeval M, Stansfeld SA. Employment transitions and mental health: an analysis from the British household panel survey. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59(3):243-249. (Pubitemid 40293117)
94. Vuori J, Vesalainen J. Labour market interventions as predictors of re-employment, job seeking activity and psychological distress among the unemployed. J Occup Organ Psychol. 1999;72(4):523-538.
95. Warr P, Jackson P. Factors influencing the psychological impact of prolonged unemployment and of reemployment. Psychol Med. 1985;15(4):795-807. (Pubitemid 16213860)
96. Audhoe SS, Hoving JL, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MH. Vocational interventions for unemployed: effects on work participation and mental distress. A systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2010;20(1):1-13.