Cognitive skills and bacterial load: Comparative evidence of costs of cognitive proficiency in birds

Naturwissenschaften

Volumn 99, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 111-122

  Soler, Juan José ^a,b   Peralta Sánchez, Juan Manuel ^a,b   Martín Vivaldi, Manuel ^b,c   Martín Platero, Antonio Manuel ^b,c   Flensted Jensen, Einar ^d   Møller, Anders Pape ^e  

^a DEPARTAMENTO DE ECOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y EVOLUTIVA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^d NONE   (Denmark)

^e UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD   (France)

Author keywords

Bacterial infection; Behavioural flexibility; Brain size; Brood parasitism; Egg rejection; Eggshell bacterial load; Feeding innovation

Indexed keywords

AVOIDANCE REACTION; BACTERIUM; BIRD; BROOD SIZE; COGNITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; EGG REJECTION; EGGSHELL; INFECTIVITY; PATHOGENICITY; REPRODUCTIVE COST; SELECTION;

ANIMALIA; AVES; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ENTEROCOCCUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS;

EID: 84857058177     PISSN: 00281042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00114-011-0875-z     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. LC Aiello P Wheeler 1995 The expensive-tissue hypothesis: the brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution Curr Anthropol 36 199 221
2. A Alghamdi NE Raine E Rosato EB Mallon 2009 No evidence for an evolutionary trade-off between learning and immunity in a social insect Biol Lett 5 55 57 18957358 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M%2FnslKlsQ%3D%3D
3. F Alvarez 1999 Attractive non-mimetic stimuli in cuckoo Cuculus canorus eggs Ibis 141 142 144 (Pubitemid 29033065)
4. T Amundsen PT Brobakken A Moksnes E Røskaft 2002 Rejection of common cuckoo Cuculus canorus eggs in relation to female age in the bluethroat Luscinia svecica J Avian Biol 33 366 370 (Pubitemid 36080423)
5. A Antonov BG Stokke A Moksnes E Røskaft 2006 Coevolutionary interactions between common cuckoos and corn buntings Condor 108 414 422 (Pubitemid 43787744)
6. A Antonov BG Stokke A Moksnes E Røskaft 2006 Egg rejection in marsh warblers (Acrocephalus palustris) heavily parasitized by common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) Auk 123 419 430 (Pubitemid 43726158)
7. A Antonov BG Stokke A Moksnes O Kleven M Honza E Røskaft 2006 Eggshell strength of an obligate brood parasite: a test of the puncture resistance hypothesis Behav Ecol Sociobiol 60 11 18
8. A Antonov BG Stokke A Moksnes E Røskaft 2009 Evidence for egg discrimination preceding failed rejection attempts in a small cuckoo host Biol Lett 5 169 171 19126530
9. A Antonov BG Stokke PS Ranke F Fossøy A Moksnes E Røskaft 2010 Absence of egg discrimination in a suitable cuckoo Cuculus canorus host breeding away from trees J Avian Biol 41 501 504
10. Atlas RM, Bartha R (2001) Ecología microbiana y microbiología ambiental. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Madrid
11. JM Avilés LZ Garamszegi 2007 Egg rejection and brain size among potential hosts of the common cuckoo Ethology 113 562 572 (Pubitemid 47164753)
12. I Bartol C Moskat Z Karcza T Kisbenedek 2003 Great reed warblers bury artificial objects, not only cuckoo eggs Acta Zool Acad Sci Hung 49 111 114 (Pubitemid 351598141)
13. Board RG, Clay C, Lock J, Dolman J (1994) The egg: a compartmentalized, aseptically packaged food. In: Board RG, Fuller R (eds) Microbiology of the avian egg. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 43-62
14. MdL Brooke NB Davies DG Noble 1998 Rapid decline of host defenses in response to reduced cuckoo parasitism: behavioral flexibility of reed warblers in a changing world Proc R Soc Lond B 265 1277 1282 (Pubitemid 28372083)
15. Bruce J, Drysdale EM (1994) Trans-shell transmission. In: Board RG, Fuller R (eds) Microbiology of avian eggs. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 63-91
16. Burns JG, Foucaud J, Mery F (2011) Costs of memory: lessons from ''mini' brains. Proc R Soc B. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2488:
17. L Clark JR Mason 1985 Use of nest material as insecticidal and anti-pathogenic agents by the European starling Oecologia 67 169 176 (Pubitemid 17244698)
18. L Clark JR Mason 1988 Effect of biologically active plants used as nest material and the derived benefit to starling nestlings Oecologia 77 174 180 (Pubitemid 20422232)
19. MI Cook SR Beissinger GA Toranzos RA Rodriguez WJ Arendt 2003 Trans-shell infection by pathogenic micro-organisms reduces the shelf life of non-incubated bird's eggs: a constraint on the onset of incubation? Proc R Soc Lond B 270 2233 2240 (Pubitemid 37421761)
20. MI Cook SR Beissinger GA Toranzos WJ Arendt 2005 Incubation reduces microbial growth on eggshells and the opportunity for trans-shell infection Ecol Lett 8 532 537 21352457 (Pubitemid 40641142)
21. MI Cook SR Beissinger GA Toranzos RA Rodriguez WJ Arendt 2005 Microbial infection affects egg viability and incubation behavior in a tropical passerine Behav Ecol 16 30 36 (Pubitemid 40112939)
22. NB Davies MdL Brooke 1989 An experimental study of coevolution between the cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, and its host. I. Host egg discrimination J Anim Ecol 58 207 224 (Pubitemid 19325334)
23. NB Davies B MdL A Kacelnik 1996 Recognition errors and probability of parasitism determine whether reed warblers should accept or reject mimetic cuckoo eggs Proc R Soc Lond B 263 925 931
24. CMAP Franz WH Holzapfel ME Stiles 1999 Enterococci at the crossroads of food safety? Int J Food Microbiol 47 1 24 10357269 1:STN:280: DyaK1M3osVWlsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29225295)
25. RP Freckleton PH Harvey M Pagel 2002 Phylogenetic analysis and comparative data: a test and review of evidence Am Nat 160 712 726 18707460 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1critl2ltw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36035851)
26. LZ Garamszegi AP Møller 2010 Effects of sample size and intraspecific variation in phylogenetic comparative studies: a meta-analytic review Biol Rev 4 797 805
27. LZ Garamszegi J Erritzøe AP Møller 2007 Feeding innovations and parasitism in birds Biol J Linn Soc 90 441 455
28. Garamszegi LZ, Eens M, Erritzoe J, Møller AP (2005) Sexually size dimorphic brains and song complexity in passerine birds. Behav Ecol 16:335-345
29. T Grim M Honza 2001 Differences in behaviour of closely related thrushes (Turdus philomelos and T merula) to experimental parasitism by the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus Biologia 56 549 556
30. MF Guigueno SG Sealy 2009 Nest sanitation plays a role in egg burial by yellow warblers Ethology 115 247 256
31. SJ Hackett RT Kimball S Reddy RCK Bowie EL Braun MJ Braun JL Chojnowski WA Cox KL Han J Harshman CJ Huddleston BD Marks KJ Miglia WS Moore FH Sheldon DW Steadman CC Witt T Yuri 2008 A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history Science 320 1763 1768 18583609 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXnsF2qsr4%3D (Pubitemid 351931288)
32. Harvey PH, Pagel MD (1991) The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford
33. M Honza P Prochazka BG Stokke A Moksnes E Røskaft M Capek V Mrlik 2004 Are blackcaps current winners in the evolutionary struggle against the common cuckoo? J Ethol 22 175 180 (Pubitemid 39123378)
34. CS Houston JR Saunders RD Crawford 1997 Aerobic bacterial flora of addled raptor eggs in Saskatchewan J Wildl Dis 33 328 331 9131569 1:STN:280: DyaK2s3nvVagtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 127714555)
35. Iwaniuk AN, Nelson JE (2003) Developmental differences are correlated with relative brain size in birds: a comparative analysis. Can J Zool 81:1913-1928 (Pubitemid 38390878)
36. A Järvinen 1984 Relationship between the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus an its host, the redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus Ornis Fenn 61 84 88 (Pubitemid 17247863)
37. KA Jønsson J Fjeldså 2006 A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves : Passeri) Zool Scripta 35 149 186
38. Krieg NR, Holt JG (1984) Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland
39. Lefebvre L, Bolhuis JJ (2003) Positive and negative correlates of feeding innovation in birds: evidence for limited modularity. In: Reader SM, Laland KN (eds) Animal innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 39-61
40. L Lefebvre P Whittle E Lascaris A Finkelstein 1997 Feeding innovations and forebrain size in birds Anim Behav 53 549 560
41. L Lefebvre N Juretic N Nicolakakis S Timmermans 2001 Is the link between forebrain size and feeding innovations caused by confounding variables? A study of Australian and North American birds Anim Cogn 4 91 97
42. L Lefebvre N Nicolakakis D Boire 2002 Tools and brains in birds Behaviour 139 939 973 (Pubitemid 36364092)
43. L Lefebvre SM Reader D Sol 2004 Brains, innovations and evolution in birds and primates Brain Behav Evol 63 233 246 15084816 (Pubitemid 38490190)
44. AK Lindholm RJ Thomas 2000 Differences between populations of reed warblers in defences against brood parasitism Behaviour 137 25 42
45. A Lotem 1993 Learning to recognize nestling is maladaptive for cuckoo Cuculus canorus host Nature 362 743 745 (Pubitemid 23125975)
46. A Lotem H Nakamura A Zahavi 1995 Constraints on egg discrimination and cuckoo host coevolution Anim Behav 49 1185 1209
47. P Lovaszi C Moskat 2004 Break-down of arms race between the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) and common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) Behaviour 141 245 262 (Pubitemid 38485007)
48. GA Lozano 1998 Parasitic stress and self-medication in wild animals Adv Stud Behav 27 291 317 (Pubitemid 128082429)
49. BE Lyon 2003 Egg regognition and counting reduce costs of avian conspecific brood parasitism Nature 422 495 499 12673243 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXisFCisrw%3D (Pubitemid 36433639)
50. EB Mallon A Brockmann P Schmid-Hempel 2003 Immune response inhibits associative learning in insects Proc R Soc Lond B 270 2471 2473 (Pubitemid 37500240)
51. TE Martin AP Møller S Merino J Clobert 2001 Does clutch size evolve in response to parasites and immunocompetence? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 2071 2076 11172077 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsVWitLw%3D (Pubitemid 32165624)
52. M Martín-Vivaldi M Soler AP Møller 2002 Unrealistically high costs of rejecting artificial model eggs in cuckoo Cuculus canorus hosts J Avian Biol 33 295 301
53. M Martín-Vivaldi M Ruiz-Rodríguez M Mendez JJ Soler 2006 Relative importance of factors affecting nestling immune response differs between junior and senior nestlings within broods of hoopoes Upupa epops J Avian Biol 37 467 476 (Pubitemid 44337393)
54. M Martín-Vivaldi A Peña JM Peralta-Sánchez L Sánchez S Ananou M Ruiz-Rodríguez JJ Soler 2010 Antimicrobial chemicals in hoopoe preen secretions are produced by symbiotic bacteria Proc R Soc B 277 123 130 19812087
55. Martín-Vivaldi M, Soler JJ, Møller AP, Pérez- Contreras T, Soler M (2012) Importance of nest site and habitat in egg recognition ability of potential hosts of the European cuckoo Cuculus canorus. Ibis In press:
56. KD Matson RE Ricklefs KC Klasing 2005 A hemolysis-hemagglutination assay for characterizing constitutive innate humoral immunity in wild and domestic birds Dev Comp Imm 29 275 286 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVaqtr7I (Pubitemid 39575125)
57. McArthur JV (2006) Microbial ecology: an evolutionary approach. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam
58. A Mennerat P Mirleau J Blondel P Perret M Lambrechts P Heeb 2009 Aromatic plants in nests of the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus protect chicks from bacteria Oecologia 161 849 855 19633988
59. S Merino J Potti 1996 Weather dependent effects of nest ectoparasites on their bird hosts Ecography 19 107 113
60. Mlikovsky J (1989) Brain size in birds: 2. Falconiformes through Gaviiformes. Vest cs Spolec Zool 53:200-213
61. A Moksnes E Røskaft AT Braa L Korsnes HM Lampe HC Pedersen 1991 Behavioural responses of potential hosts towards artificial cuckoo eggs and dummies Behaviour 116 64 89
62. A Moksnes E Røskaft MM Solli 1994 Documenting puncture ejection of parasitic eggs by chaffinches Fringilla coelebs and blackaps Sylvia atricapilla Fauna Norvergica, Ser C, Cinclus 17 115 118
63. AP Møller 1987 Egg predation as a selective factor for nest design: an experiment Oikos 50 91 94
64. Møller AP (1997) Parasitism and the evolution of host life history. In: Clayton DH, Moore J (eds) Host-parasite evolution: general principles and avian models. Oxford Univesity Press, Oxford, pp 105-127
65. AP Møller J Erritzøe 1998 Host immune defence and migration in birds Evol Ecol 12 945 953 (Pubitemid 29006851)
66. AP Møller J Erritzøe 2002 Coevolution of host immune defence and parasite-induced mortality: relative spleen size and mortality in altricial birds Oikos 99 95 100 (Pubitemid 35241168)
67. AP Møller M Martín-Vivaldi S Merino JJ Soler 2006 Density-dependent and geographical variation in bird immune response Oikos 115 463 474 (Pubitemid 44786304)
68. J Moreno V Briones S Merino C Ballesteros JJ Sanz G Tomás 2003 Beneficial effects of cloacal bacteria on growth and fledging size in nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Spain Auk 120 784 790 (Pubitemid 37029529)
69. C Moskat TI Fuisz 1999 Reactions of red-backed shrikes Lanius collurio to artificial cuckoo Cuculus canorus eggs J Avian Biol 30 175 181 (Pubitemid 29285030)
70. C Moskat Z Karcza T Csörgö 2003 Egg rejection in European blackbirds (Turdus merula): the effect of mimicry Ornis Fenn 80 86 91 (Pubitemid 37343329)
71. C Moskat T Szekely T Kisbenedek Z Karcza I Bartol 2003 The importance of nest cleaning in egg rejection behaviour of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus J Avian Biol 34 16 19 (Pubitemid 36639391)
72. VG Narushin 2005 Production, modeling, and education: egg geometry calculation using the measurements of length and breadth Poultry Sci 84 482 484 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7ltVygsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40346498)
73. N Nicolakakis L Lefebvre 2000 Forebrain size and innovation rate in European birds: feeding, nesting and confounding variables Behaviour 137 1415 1429
74. N Nicolakakis D Sol L Lefebvre 2003 Behavioural flexibility predicts species richness in birds, but not extinction risk Anim Behav 65 445 452 (Pubitemid 36524200)
75. JE Niven SB Laughlin 2008 Energy limitation as a selective pressure on the evolution of sensory systems J Exp Biol 211 1792 1804 18490395 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXptFyjtbY%3D (Pubitemid 351964926)
76. SE Overington J Morand-Ferron NJ Boogert L Lefebvre 2009 Technical innovations drive the relationship between innovativeness and residual brain size in birds Anim Behav 78 1001 1010
77. M Pagel 1997 Inferring evolutionary processes from phylogenies Zool Scripta 26 331 348 (Pubitemid 28224034)
78. M Pagel 1999 Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution Nature 401 877 884 10553904 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntFymtL8%3D
79. Palomino JJ (1997) Reproductive ecology and parental care in the rufous-tailed scrub-robin: responses to parasitism by cuckoo. PhD thesis University of Granada, Granada.
80. RB Payne 1977 The ecology of brood parasitism in birds Ann Rev Ecol Syst 8 1 28
81. Peralta-Sánchez JM (2011) Las bacterias como agentes modeladores de las estrategias vitales en aves. PhD thesis University of Granada, Granada.
82. JM Peralta-Sánchez AP Møller AM Martín-Platero JJ Soler 2010 Number and colour composition of nest lining feathers predict eggshell bacterial community in barn swallow nests: an experimental study Funct Ecol 24 426 433
83. Playfair J, Bancroft G (2004) Infection and immunity. Oxford University Press, Oxford
84. JM Pons A Hassanin PA Crochet 2005 Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes : Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers Mol Phylogenet Evol 37 686 699 16054399 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1SrtbvE (Pubitemid 41597783)
85. P Prochazka M Honza 2003 Do common whitethroats (Sylvia communis) discriminate against alien eggs? J Ornithol 144 354 363 (Pubitemid 37054150)
86. P Prochazka M Honza 2004 Egg discrimination in the yellowhammer Condor 106 405 410 (Pubitemid 38587850)
87. CE Riddell EB Mallon 2006 Insect psychoneuroimmunology: immune response reduces learning in protein starved bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) Brain Behav Immun 20 135 138 16084688 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1Ortrc%3D (Pubitemid 43202078)
88. S Rohwer CD Spaw E Røskaft 1989 Cost to northern orioles of puncture-ejecting parasitic cowbird eggs from their nest Auk 106 734 738
89. SI Rothstein 1975 An experimental and teleonomic investigation of avian brood parasitism Condor 77 250 271
90. SI Rothstein 1975 Mechanisms of avian egg-recognition: do birds know their own eggs? Anim Behav 23 268 278
91. SI Rothstein 1990 A model system for coevolution: avian brood parasitism Ann Rev Ecol Syst 21 481 508 (Pubitemid 120024480)
92. MX Ruiz-Gonzalez MJF Brown 2006 Honey bee and bumblebee trypanosomatids: specificity and potential for transmission Ecol Entomol 31 616 622 (Pubitemid 44934336)
93. M Ruiz-Rodriguez FS Lucas P Heeb JJ Soler 2009 Differences in intestinal microbiota between avian brood parasites and their hosts Biol J Linn Soc 96 406 414
94. J Rutila R Latja K Koskela 2002 The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus and its cavity nesting host, the redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus: a peculiar cuckoo-host system? J Avian Biol 33 414 419 (Pubitemid 36080428)
95. J Rutila J Jokimäki JM Aviles ML Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki 2006 Responses of parasitized and unparasitized common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) populations against artificial cuckoo parasitism Auk 123 259 265 (Pubitemid 43221517)
96. SA Sæther V Grøtan S Engen DG Noble RP Freckleton 2011 Rarity, life history and scaling of the dynamics in time and space of British birds J Anim Ecol 80 215 224 20840608
97. B Sengupta M Stemmler SB Laughlin JE Niven 2010 Action potential energy efficiency varies among neuron types in vertebrates and invertebrates PLoS Computational Biology 6 e1000840 20617202
98. D Shizuka BE Lyon 2010 Coots use hatch order to learn to recognize and reject conspecific brood parasitic chicks Nature 463 223 U108 20016486 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFKnsbrK
99. DR Singleton RG Harper 1998 Bacteria in old house wren nests J Field Ornithol 69 71 74
100. D Sol L Lefebvre 2000 Behavioural flexibility predicts invasion success in birds introduced to New Zealand Oikos 90 599 605
101. D Sol S Timmermans L Lefebvre 2002 Behavioural flexibility and invasion success in birds Anim Behav 63 495 502
102. D Sol RP Duncan TM Blackburn P Cassey L Lefebvre 2005 Big brains, enhanced cognition, and response of birds to novel environments Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 5460 5465 15784743 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjslaqsbg%3D (Pubitemid 40530280)
103. JJ Soler 1999 Do life-history variables of European cuckoo hosts explain their egg-rejection behavior? Behav Ecol 10 1 6 (Pubitemid 29068687)
104. JJ Soler JM Avilés 2010 Sibling competition and conspicuousness of nestling gapes in altricial birds: a comparative study PLoS One 5 e10509 20463902
105. M Soler AP Møller 1990 Duration of sympatry and coevolution between the great spotted cuckoo and its magpie host Nature 343 748 750
106. JJ Soler AP Møller 1996 A comparative analysis of the evolution of variation in appearance of eggs of European passerines in relation to brood parasitism Behav Ecol 7 89 94
107. JJ Soler JG Martínez M Soler AP Møller 1999 Genetic and geographic variation in rejection behavior of cuckoo eggs by European magpie populations: an experimental test of rejecter-gene flow Evolution 53 947 956 (Pubitemid 29332427)
108. JJ Soler AP Møller M Soler 1999 A comparative study of host selection in the European cuckoo Cuculus canorus Oecologia 118 265 276 (Pubitemid 29112057)
109. M Soler M Martín-Vivaldi T Pérez-Contreras 2002 Identification of the sex responsible for recognition and the method of ejection of parasitic eggs in some potential common cuckoo hosts Ethology 108 1093 1101 (Pubitemid 36087372)
110. JJ Soler M Martín-Vivaldi M Ruiz-Rodríguez E Valdivia AM Martín-Platero M Martínez-Bueno JM Peralta-Sánchez M Méndez 2008 Symbiotic association between hoopoes and antibiotic-producing bacteria that live in their uropygial gland Funct Ecol 22 864 871
111. JJ Soler M Martín-Vivaldi JM Peralta-Sánchez M Ruiz-Rodríguez 2010 Antibiotic-producing bacteria as a possible defence of birds against pathogenic microorganisms Open Ornithol J 3 93 100
112. JJ Soler JM Peralta-Sánchez M Martínez Bueno M Martín-Vivaldi D Martín-Gálvez AI Vela V Briones T Pérez-Contreras 2011 Brood parasitism is associated with increased bacterial contamination of host eggs: bacterial loads of host and parasitic eggs Biol J Linn Soc 103 836 848
113. Stadelman WJ (1994) Contaminats of liquid eggs products. In: Board RG, Fuller R (eds) Microbiology of the avian egg. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 139-151
114. BG Stokke A Moksnes E Røskaft G Rudolfsen M Honza 1999 Rejection of artificial cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs in relation to variation in egg appearance among reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) Proc R Soc Lond B 266 1483 1488 (Pubitemid 29366489)
115. BG Stokke I Hafstad G Rudolfsen A Moksnes AP Møller E Røskaft M Soler 2008 Predictors of resistance to brood parasitism within and among reed warbler populations Behav Ecol 19 612 620 (Pubitemid 351847410)
116. S Timmermans L Lefebvre D Boire P Basu 2000 Relative size of the hyperstriatum ventrale is the best predictor of feeding innovation rate in birds Brain Behav Evol 56 196 203 11154998 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7ht1aktw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32045988)
117. Tucker GM, Heath MF (1994) Birds in Europe, their conservation status. BirdLife International, Cambridge
118. Z Vas L Lefebvre KP Johnson J Reiczigel L Rózsa 2011 Clever birds are lousy: co-variation between avian innovation and the taxonomic richness of their amblyceran lice Int J Parasitol 41 1295 1300 21924269
119. L von Haartman 1981 Co-evolution of the cuckoo Cuculus canorus and a regular cuckoo host Ornis Fenn 58 1 10