Are dormant plants hedging their bets? Demographic consequences of prolonged dormancy in variable environments

American Naturalist

Volumn 179, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 315-327

  Gremer, Jennifer R ^a,b,d   Crone, Elizabeth E ^c   Lesica, Peter ^b  

^a University of Arizona   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Astragalus scaphoides; Bet hedging; Generalized linear mixed models; Life history; Matrix projection model; Vegetative dormancy

Indexed keywords

BET-HEDGING; DATA SET; DEMOGRAPHY; DORMANCY; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; FITNESS; GROWING SEASON; GROWTH RATE; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; LEGUME; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; NUMERICAL MODEL; PERENNIAL PLANT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;

ADAPTATION; ARTICLE; ASTRAGALUS PLANT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE FITNESS; TIME; UNITED STATES;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ASTRAGALUS PLANT; ENVIRONMENT; GENETIC FITNESS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MONTANA; TIME FACTORS;

ASTRAGALUS SCAPHOIDES;

EID: 84856998183     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/664459     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Bailey, L. L., S. J. Converse, and W. L. Kendall. 2010. Bias, precision, and parameter redundancy in complex multistate models with unobservable states. Ecology 91:1598-1604.
2. Bates, D., M. Maecler, and B. Bolker. 2011. Lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package, version 0.999375-39. http://CRAN.R-project.org/packageplme4.
3. Boeken, B. 1991. Aboveground emergence in the desert tulip Tulipa Systola stapf in the Negev Desert of Israel. Functional Ecology 5: 705-712.
4. Burns, J. H., S. P. Blomberg, E. E. Crone, J. Ehrlen, T. M. Knight, J. B. Pichancourt, S. Ramula, G. M. Wardle, and Y. M. Buckley. 2010. Empirical tests of life-history evolution theory using phylogenetic analysis of plant demography. Journal of Ecology 98:334-344.
5. Childs, D. Z., C. J. E. Metcalf, and M. Rees. 2010. Evolutionary bethedging in the real world: empirical evidence and challenges revealed by plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277:3055-3064.
6. Clauss, M. J., and D. L. Venable. 2000. Seed germination in desert annuals: an empirical test of adaptive bet hedging. American Naturalist 155:168-186.
7. Cohen, D. 1966. A general model of optimal reproduction in a randomly varying environment. Journal of Ecology 56:219-228.
8. Cohen, D. 1967. Optimizing reproduction in a randomly varying environment when a correlation may exist between the conditions at the time a choice has to be made and the subsequent outcome. Journal of Theoretical Biology 16:1-14.
9. Crone, E. E., and P. Lesica. 2004. Causes of synchronous flowering in Astragalus scaphoides, an iteroparous perennial plant. Ecology 85:1944-1954.
10. Crone, E. E., and P. Lesica. 2006. Pollen and water limitation in Astragalus scaphoides, a plant that flowers in alternate years. Oecologia (Berlin) 150:40-49.
11. Crone, E. E., L. Polansky, and P. Lesica. 2005. Empirical models of pollen limitation, resource acquisition, and mast seeding by a beepollinated wildflower. American Naturalist 166:396-408.
12. Crone, E. E., E. Miller, and A Sala. 2009. How do plants know when other plants are flowering? resource depletion, pollen limitation and mast-seeding in a perennial wildflower. Ecology Letters 12: 1119-1126.
13. Crump, M. L. 1981. Variation in propagule size as a function of environmental uncertainty for tree frogs. American Naturalist 117: 724-737.
14. de Kroon, H., J. van Groenendael, and J. Ehrlen. 1986. Elasticities: a review of methods and model limitations. Ecology 81:607-618.
15. Ehrlen, J., and K. Lehtila. 2002. How perennial are perennial plants? Oikos 98:308-322.
16. Einum, S., and I. A. Fleming. 2007. Of chickens and eggs: diverging propagule size of iteroparous and semelparous organisms. Evolution 61:232-238.
17. Ellner, S. 1985. ESS germination strategies in randomly varying environments 1. logistic-type models. Theoretical Population Biology 28:50-79.
18. Epling, C., and H. Lewis. 1952. Increase of the adaptive range of the genus Delphinium. Evolution 6:253-267.
19. Evans, M. E. K., and J. J. Dennehy. 2005. Germ banking: bet-hedging and variable release from egg and seed dormancy. Quarterly Review of Biology 80:431-451.
20. Evans, M. E. K., R. Ferriere, M. J. Kane, and D. L. Venable. 2007. Bet hedging via seed banking in desert evening primroses (Oenothera, Onagraceae): demographic evidence from natural populations. American Naturalist 169:184-194.
21. Gremer, J. R. 2010. Causes and consequences of prolonged dormancy: why stay underground? PhD diss. University of Montana, Missoula.
22. Gremer, J. R., A. Sala, and E. E. Crone. 2010. Disappearing plants: why they hide and how they return. Ecology 91:3407-3413.
23. Hutchings, M. J. 1987. The population biology of the early spider orchid, Ophrys sphegodes Mill. II. Temporal patterns in behaviour. Journal of Ecology 75:729-742.
24. Jäkäläniemi A., E. E. Crone, P. Närhi, and J. Tuomi. 2011. Orchids do not pay costs at emergence for prolonged dormancy. Ecology 92:1538-1543.
25. Kery, M., and K. B. Gregg. 2004. Demographic analysis of dormancy and survival in the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium reginae. Journal of Ecology 92:686-695.
26. Kery, M., K. B. Gregg, and M. Schaub. 2005. Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states. Oikos 108:307-320.
27. Lesica, P. 1987. A technique for monitoring non-rhizomatous perennial plant species in permanent belt transects. Natural Areas Journal 7:65-68.
28. Lesica, P. 1995. Demography of Astragalus scaphoides and effects of herbivory on population growth. Great Basin Naturalist 55:142-150.
29. Lesica, P., and E. E. Crone. 2007. Causes and consequences of prolonged dormancy for an iteroparous geophyte, Silene spaldingii. Journal of Ecology 95:1360-1369.
30. Lesica, P., and B. M. Steele. 1994. Prolonged dormancy in vascular plants and implications for monitoring studies. Natural Areas Journal 14:209-212.
31. McGinley, M. A., D. H. Temme, and M. A. Geber. 1987. Parental investment in offspring in variable environments: theoretical and empirical considerations. American Naturalist 130:370-398.
32. McGraw, J. B., and H. Caswell. 1996. Estimation of individual fitness from life-history data. American Naturalist 147:47-64.
33. Menu, F., and D. Debouzie. 1993. Coin-flipping plasticity and prolonged diapause in insects: example of the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Oecologia (Berlin) 93:367-373.
34. Menu, F., and E. Desouhant. 2002. Bet-hedging for variability in life cycle duration: bigger and later-emerging chestnut weevils have increased probability of a prolonged diapause. Oecologia (Berlin) 132:167-174.
35. Miller, M. T. 2004. Demographic perspectives on the rarity and persistence of two Mariposa lilies (Calochortus) from southern British Columbia. PhD thesis. University of Victoria, Canada.
36. Miller, M. T., G. A. Allen, and J. A. Antos. 2004. Dormancy and flowering in two mariposa lilies (Calochortus) with contrasting distribution patterns. Canadian Journal of Botany 82:1790-1799.
37. Miller, M. T., J. A. Antos, and G. A. Allen. 2007. Demographic differences between two sympatric lilies (Calochortus) with contrasting distributions, as revealed by matrix analysis. Plant Ecology 191: 265-278.
38. Morris, W. F., and D. F. Doak. 2002. Quantitative conservation biology: theory and practice of population viability analysis. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
39. Morrow, P. A., and J. P. Olfelt. 2003. Phoenix clones: recovery after long-term defoliation-induced dormancy. Ecology Letters 6:119-125.
40. Nicolé, F., E. Brzosko, and I. Till-Bottraud. 2005. Population viability analysis of Cypripedium calceolus in a protected area: longevity, stability and persistence. Journal of Ecology 93:716-726.
41. Olofsson, H., J. Ripa, and N. Jonzen. 2009. Bet-hedging as an evolutionary game: the trade-off between egg size and number. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276:2963-2969.
42. Philippi, T., and J. Seger. 1989. Hedging one's evolutionary bets, revisited. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4:41-44.
43. R Development Core Team. 2009. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
44. Rees, M., and S. P. Ellner. 2009. Integral projection models for populations in temporally varying environments. Ecological Monographs 79:575-594.
45. Rees, M., D. Z. Childs, K. E. Rose, and P. J. Grubb. 2004. Evolution of size-dependent flowering in a variable environment: partitioning the effects of fluctuating selection. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 271:471-475.
46. Rees, M., D. Z. Childs, J. C. Metcalf, K. E. Rose, A. W. Sheppard, and P. J. Grubb. 2006. Seed dormancy and delayed flowering in monocarpic plants: selective interactions in a stochastic environment. American Naturalist 168:E53-E71.
47. Roff, D. 2002. Life history evolution. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
48. Seger, J., and H. J. Brockmann. 1987. What is bet-hedging? Pages 182-211, In P. H. Harvey and L. Partridge, eds. Oxford surveys in evolutionary biology. Vol. 4. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
49. Shefferson, R. P. 2009. The evolutionary ecology of vegetative dormancy in mature herbaceous perennial plants. Journal of Ecology 97:1000-1009.
50. Shefferson, R. P., and K. Tali. 2007. Dormancy is associated with decreased adult survival in the burnt orchid, Neotinea ustulata. Journal of Ecology 95:217-225.
51. Shefferson, R. P., J. Proper, S. R. Beissinger, and E. L. Simms. 2003. Life history trade-offs in a rare orchid: the costs of flowering, dormancy, and sprouting. Ecology 84:1199-1206.
52. Shefferson, R. P., T. Kull, and K. Tali. 2005. Adult whole-plant dormancy induced by stress in long-lived orchids. Ecology 86:3099-3104.
53. Simons, A. M., and M. O. Johnston. 2003. Suboptimal timing of reproduction in Lobelia inflata may be a conservative bet-hedging strategy. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16:233-243.
54. Slatkin, M. 1974. Hedging one's evolutionary bets. Nature 250:704-705.
55. Stearns, S. C. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
56. Tuljapurkar, S. 1990. Delayed reproduction and fitness in variable environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 87:1139-1143.
57. Vaughton, G., and M. Ramsey. 2001. Variation in summer dormancy in the lilioid geophyte Burchardia umbellata (Colchicaceae). AmericanJournal of Botany 88:1223-1229.
58. Venable, D. L. 2007. Bet hedging in a guild of desert annuals. Ecology 88:1086-1090.
59. Venable, D. L., and J. S. Brown. 1988. The selective interactions of dispersal, dormancy, and seed size as adaptations for reducing risk in variable environments. American Naturalist 131:360-384.
60. Werger, M. J. A., and H. Huber. 2006. Tuber size variation and organ preformation constrain growth responses of a spring geophyte. Oecologia (Berlin) 147:396-405.
61. Wyka, T. 1999. Carbohydrate storage and use in an alpine population of the perennial herb, Oxytropis sericea. Oecologia (Berlin) 120: 198-208