Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels during antiretroviral therapy: How low is low enough?

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 733-735

  Gandhi, Rajesh T ^a,b   Deeks, Steven G ^c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VIRUS RNA;

CONTROLLED STUDY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; NONHUMAN; NOTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES; VIREMIA; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 84856896754     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir933     Document Type: Note

References (16)

1. Murray JS, Elashoff MR, Iacono-Connors LC, Cvetkovich TA, Struble KA. The use of plasma HIV RNA as a study endpoint in efficacy trials of antiretroviral drugs. AIDS 1999; 13:797-804.
2. Gill VS, Lima VD, Zhang W, et al. Improved virological outcomes in British Columbia concomitant with decreasing incidence of HIV type 1 drug resistance detection. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:98-105.
3. Moore RD, Bartlett JG. Dramatic decline in the HIV-1 RNA level over calendar time in a large urban HIV practice. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:600-4.
4. Doyle T, Smith C, Vitiello P, et al. Plasma HIV-1 detection below 50 copies/mL and risk of virologic rebound in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:724-32.
5. Nettles RE, Kieffer TL, Kwon P, et al. Intermittent HIV-1 viremia (Blips) and drug resistance in patients receiving HAART. JAMA 2005; 293:817-29.
6. Lima VD, Bangsberg DR, Harrigan PR, et al. Risk of viral failure declines with duration of suppression on highly active antiretroviral therapy irrespective of adherence level. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 55: 460-5.
7. Rosenblum M, Deeks SG, van der Laan M, Bangsberg DR. The risk of virologic failure decreases with duration of HIV suppression, at greater than 50% adherence to antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7196.
8. Palmer S, Maldarelli F, Wiegand A, et al. Low-level viremia persists for at least 7 years in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105:3879-84.
9. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, 2011: 1-166. Available at: http://www.aidsinfo.nih. gov/ContentFiles/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed 15 December 2011.
10. Ribaudo H, Lennox J, Currier J, et al. Virologic failure endpoint definition in clinical trials: Is using HIV-1 RNA threshold ,200 copies/mL better than ,50 copies/mL? An analysis of ACTG studies [ abstract 580]. Paper presented at: 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 8-11, 2009; Montreal, Canada.
11. McMahon D, Jones J, Wiegand A, et al. Short-course raltegravir intensification does not reduce persistent low-level viremia in patients with HIV-1 suppression during receipt of combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:912-9.
12. Buzón MJ, Massanella M, Llibre JM, et al. HIV-1 replication and immune dynamics are affected by raltegravir intensification of HAART-suppressed subjects. Nat Med 2010; 16:460-5.
13. Gandhi RT, Zheng L, Bosch RJ, et al. The effect of raltegravir intensification on lowlevel residual viremia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2010; 7:e1000321.
14. Hatano H, Hayes TL, Dahl V, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of raltegravir intensification in antiretroviral-treated, HIVinfected patients with a suboptimal CD41 T cell response. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:960-8.
15. Havlir DV, Strain MC, Clerici M, et al. Productive infection maintains a dynamic steady state of residual viremia in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons treated with suppressive antiretroviral therapy for five years. J Virol 2003; 77:11212-9.
16. Bailey JR, Sedaghat AR, Kieffer T, et al. Residual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia in some patients on antiretroviral therapy is dominated by a small number of invariant clones rarely found in circulating CD41 T cells. J Virol 2006; 80:6441-57.