Hybrid peace governance: Its emergence and significance

Global Governance

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 21-38

  Belloni, Roberto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Governance; Hybridity; Peacebuilding

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856884704     PISSN: 10752846     EISSN: 19426720     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/19426720-01801004     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Many thanks to Anna Jarstad for her valuable help in discussing most of the ideas presented in this article.
2. See, for example, Kristine Höglund and Mimmi Söderberg Kovacs, "Beyond the Absence of War: The Diversity of Peace in Post-Settlement Societies," Review of International Studies 36, no. 2 (2010): 367-390
3. Roger Mac Ginty, No War, No Peace: The Rejuvenation of Stalled Peace Processes and Peace Accords (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006).
4. Needless to say, informal and illiberal rules of the game also exist in consolidated democracies, although in such cases formal rules supersede informal ones.
5. See Gretchen Helmke and Steven Levitsky, "Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda," Perspectives on Politics 2, no. 4 (2004): 725-740.
6. Volker Boege et al., States Emerging from Hybrid Political Orders: Pacific Experiences, Occasional Papers Series No. 11 (Brisbane: Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, September 2008).
7. See also Kevin P. Clements et al., "State Building Reconsidered: The Role of Hybridity in the Formation of Political Order," Political Science 59, no. 1 (2007): 45-56
8. Martina Fischer and Beatrix Schmelzle, eds., Building Peace in the Absence of States: Challenging the Discourse on State Failure, Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation, Dialogue Series No. 8 (Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2009).
9. Oliver P. Richmond, A Post-liberal Peace: The Infrapolitics of Peacebuilding (London: Routledge, 2011), p. 18.
10. David Roberts, Liberal Peacebuilding and Global Governance: Beyond the Metropolis (London: Routledge, 2011), p. 26.
11. Jonathan Di John, Conceptualising the Causes and Consequences of Failed States: A Critical Review of the Literature, Crisis States Working Papers Series No. 2 (London: London School of Economics and Political Science, Development Studies Institute, 2008).
12. Roland Paris, At War's End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
13. Arun Agrawal, "Dismantling the Divide Between Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge," Development and Change 26, no. 3 (1995): 413-439.
14. Renato Rosaldo, "Foreward," in Néstor García Canclini, trans. Christopher L. Chiappari and Silvia L. López, Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005), p. xv.
15. Roger Mac Ginty, International Peacebuilding and Local Resistance: Hybrid Forms of Peace (Houndmills: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 51-72.
16. David Chandler, International Statebuilding: The Rise of Post-liberal Governance (London: Routledge, 2010).
17. Many thanks to Oliver Richmond for bringing my attention to the importance of this point.
18. James C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009).
19. Séverine Autessere, The Trouble with Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
20. Gabi Hesselbein, Frederick Golooba-Mutebi, and James Putzel, Economic and Political Foundations of State-making in Africa: Understanding State Reconstruction, Crisis States Working Paper Series No. 3 (London: London School of Economics and Political Science, Development Studies Institute, 2006).
21. Boege et al., States Emerging.
22. Roberts, Liberal Peacebuilding, p. 82.
23. Maren Kraushaar and Daniel Lambach, Hybrid Political Orders: The Added Value of a New Concept, Occasional Papers Series No. 14 (Brisbane: Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, December 2009), p. 1.
24. The following types build on ibid., p. 5.
25. Patrick Chabal and Jean-Pascal Daloz, Africa Works: Disorder as a Political Instrument (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999).
26. Hesselbein, Golooba-Mutebi, and Putzel, Economic and Political Foundations, pp. 3, 18.
27. Marleen Renders and Ulf Terlinden, "Negotiating Statehood in a Hybrid Political Order: The Case of Somaliland," Development and Change 41, no. 4 (2010): 723-746.
28. Richmond, A Post-liberal Peace, p. 178.
29. Mac Ginty, International Peacebuilding, pp. 62-63.
30. Roberto Belloni, State Building and International Intervention in Bosnia (Abingdon: Routledge, 2007), pp. 181-182.
31. Richard J. Goldstone and Adam M. Smith, International Judicial Institutions: The Architecture of International Justice at Home and Abroad (London: Routledge, 2009), pp. 106-110.
32. See, for example, Roberto Belloni and Mladen Momcilovic, The German Civil Peace Service: Case Study of Serbia, unpublished report (Bonn: Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entiwicklung, 2011).
33. Jean-Francois Bayart, Stephen Ellis, and Beatrice Hibou, Criminalization of the State in Africa (Oxford: James Currey; Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999).
34. Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, Inhuman Treatment of Peopleand Illicit Trafficking in Human Organs in Kosovo, AS/Jur [2010] 46 (Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 12 December 2010), p. 18.
35. Richard Fanthorpe, "On the Limits of the Liberal Peace: Chiefs and Democratic Decentralization in Post-war Sierra Leone," African Affairs 105, no. 418 (2005): 27-49.
36. Christopher Clapham, "The Global-Local Politics of State Decay," in Robert Rotberg, ed., When States Fail: Causes and Consequences (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), p. 79
37. see also Krause, this issue
38. Michael N. Barnett and Christoph Zürcher, "The Peacebuilder's Contract: How External Statebuilding Reinforces Weak Statehood," in Roland Paris and Timothy D. Sisk, eds., The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations (London: Routledge, 2009), pp. 23-52.
39. Ibid., p. 49.
40. Paul Pierson, Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), p. 11.
41. 35. Ibid., pp. 55-58.
42. Daniel Allen, "New Directions in the Study of Nation-building: Views Through the Lens of Path Dependence," International Studies Review 12, no. 3 (2010): 417.
43. Pierson, Politics in Time, pp. 167-172.
44. Allen, "New Directions."
45. Anna K. Jarstad and Timothy D. Sisk, eds., From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)
46. Roland Paris and Timothy D. Sisk, eds., The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations (London: Routledge, 2009).
47. Donald Rothchild, Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1997), esp. chap. 4.
48. Aaron Griffith and Catherine Barnes, Powers of Persuasion: Incentives, Sanctions, and Conditionality in Peacemaking (London: Conciliation Resources, 2008).
49. Mac Ginty, International Peacebuilding.
50. Richmond, A Post-liberal Peace, p. 7.
51. Roberts, Liberal Peacebuilding.
52. Mark Duffield, Development, Security and Unending War: Governing the World of Peoples (Cambridge: Polity, 2007).
53. Roberts, Liberal Peacebuilding, pp. 31-32.
54. Richmond, A Post-liberal Peace.
55. Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper, and Mandy Turner, eds., Whose Peace? Critical Perspectives on the Political Economy of Peacebuilding (Houndmills: Palgrave, 2008). See also Strazzari and Kamphuis, this issue.
56. Mac Ginty, International Peacebuilding, p. 127.
57. Roberto Belloni, "Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution? Civil Society and Corruption in Post-conflict States," in Christine Cheng and Dominik Zaum, eds., Corruption and Post-conflict Peacebuilding: Selling the Peace? (London: Routledge, 2012).
58. Duffield, Development, Security and Unending War, p. 234.
59. Roberts, Liberal Peacebuilding.
60. Mac Ginty, International Peacebuilding, esp. chap. 3.
61. Roberts, Liberal Peacebuilding, p. 96.
62. Richmond, A Post-liberal Peace, pp. 110-111.
63. Volker Boege, "Traditional Approaches to Conflict Transformation: Potentials and Limits," in Martina Fischer, H. Giessman, and B. Schmelzle, eds., Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation (Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2006), pp. 1-20.
64. Renders and Terlinden, "Negotiating Statehood," p. 742.
65. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Concepts and Dilemmas of State Building in Fragile Situations: From Fragility to Resilience, OECD/DAC Discussion Paper (Paris: OECD/DAC, 2008).
66. World Bank, World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2011). See also Zaum's review essay, this issue.