메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 776-810

Chemical speciation of chromium in water: A review

Author keywords

analytical chemistry; groundwater; speciation of chromium; toxic; trace element

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL CHALLENGE; CHROMIUM SPECIATION; ELUENTS; HIGH SENSITIVITY; HIGH-CAPACITY; HIGH-SENSITIVITY DETECTION; INDUSTRIAL SOURCES; LIVING ORGANISMS; NATURAL WATERS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS; SELECTIVE DETERMINATION; TOTAL CHROMIUM; TOXIC; TOXIC EFFECT; TRACE LEVEL; WATER SAMPLES;

EID: 84856861012     PISSN: 10643389     EISSN: 15476537     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2010.534029     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (222)

References (197)
  • 1
    • 0030698040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical speciation of chromium and nickel in the western Mediterranean
    • Achterberg, E.P., and van den Berg, C.M. (1997). Chemical speciation of chromium and nickel in the western Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res. 44, 693.
    • (1997) Deep-Sea Res. , vol.44 , pp. 693
    • Achterberg, E.P.1    Van Den Berg, C.M.2
  • 2
    • 0003037706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconcentration and speciation of chromium in waters using solid-phase extraction and atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Adria-Cerezo, D.M., Llobat-Estelles, M., and Maruti-Aucejo, A.R. (2000). Preconcentration and speciation of chromium in waters using solid-phase extraction and atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 51, 531-536.
    • (2000) Talanta , vol.51 , pp. 531-536
    • Adria-Cerezo, D.M.1    Llobat-Estelles, M.2    Maruti-Aucejo, A.R.3
  • 3
    • 0003891403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (1993). Toxicological profile for chromium. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (1993) Toxicological Profile for Chromium
  • 4
    • 0003891403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (1998). Toxicological profile for chromium (update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (1998) Toxicological Profile for Chromium (Update)
  • 5
    • 0003891403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2008). Toxicological profile for chromium (draft for public comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services.
    • (2008) Toxicological Profile for Chromium (Draft for Public Comment)
  • 6
    • 0027520992 scopus 로고
    • Determination of gold(I) and silver(I) cyanide in ores by capillary zone electrophoresis
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83122-9
    • Aguilar, M., Farran, A., and Martinez, M. (1993). Determination of gold(1) and silver (1) cyanides in ores by capillary zone electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. 635, 127-131. (Pubitemid 23112139)
    • (1993) Journal of Chromatography , vol.635 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-131
    • Aguilar, M.1    Farran, A.2    Martinez, M.3
  • 7
    • 0001757840 scopus 로고
    • Determination of metal ion complexes in electroplating solutions using capillary zone electrophoresis with UV detection
    • Aguilar, M., Huang, X., and Zare, R.N. (1989). Determination of metal ion complexes in electroplating solutions using capillary zone electrophoresis with UV detection. J. Chromatogr. A 480, 427431.
    • (1989) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.480 , pp. 427431
    • Aguilar, M.1    Huang, X.2    Zare, R.N.3
  • 8
    • 0002451250 scopus 로고
    • Groundwater
    • B. Aalbu and E. Steinnes (Eds.) Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Allard, B. (1995). Groundwater. In B. Aalbu and E. Steinnes (Eds.), Trace elements in natural waters (pp. 151-176). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    • (1995) Trace Elements in Natural Waters , pp. 151-176
    • Allard, B.1
  • 9
    • 34250077865 scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(II1) and Cr(V1) by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography using UV detection
    • Andrle, C.M., and Broekaert, J.A.C. (1993). Speciation of Cr(II1) and Cr(V1) by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography using UV detection. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 346, 653-658.
    • (1993) Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. , vol.346 , pp. 653-658
    • Andrle, C.M.1    Broekaert, J.A.C.2
  • 10
    • 0141760559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of 2-[2-(4-methoxy-phenylamino)-vinyl]-1, 3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride as a new reagent for the determination of chromium(VI)
    • Andruch, V., Telepcakov́a, M., Balogh, I.S., and Urbanov́a, N. (2003). Investigation of 2-[2-(4-methoxy-phenylamino)-vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl- 3H-indolium chloride as a new reagent for the determination of chromium(VI). Microchim. Acta 142, 109-113.
    • (2003) Microchim. Acta , vol.142 , pp. 109-113
    • Andruch, V.1    Telepcakov́a, M.2    Balogh, I.S.3    Urbanov́a, N.4
  • 12
    • 0025726706 scopus 로고
    • Determination of dissolved hexavalent chromium in industrial wastewater effluents by ion chromatography and post-column derivatization with diphenylcarbazide
    • Arar, E.J., and Pfaff, J.D. (1991). Determination of dissolved hexavalent chromium in industrial wastewater effluents by ion chromatography and post-column derivatization with diphenylcarbazide. J. Chromatogr. A 546, 335-340.
    • (1991) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.546 , pp. 335-340
    • Arar, E.J.1    Pfaff, J.D.2
  • 13
    • 4244119068 scopus 로고
    • Synchrotron X-ray microprobe determination of chromate content using X-ray absorption near-edge structure
    • Bajt, S., Clark, S.B., Sutton, S.R., Rivers, M.L., and Smith, J.V. (1993). Synchrotron X-ray microprobe determination of chromate content using X-ray absorption near-edge structure. Anal. Chem. 65, 1800-1804.
    • (1993) Anal. Chem. , vol.65 , pp. 1800-1804
    • Bajt, S.1    Clark, S.B.2    Sutton, S.R.3    Rivers, M.L.4    Smith, J.V.5
  • 14
    • 0142153158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium
    • Ball, J.W., and Blaine, R.M. (2003). A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromium. Talanta 61, 305-313.
    • (2003) Talanta , vol.61 , pp. 305-313
    • Ball, J.W.1    Blaine, R.M.2
  • 15
    • 26144436048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope variations of hexavalent chromium in groundwaters of the Mojave Desert, California, USA
    • Ball, J.W., Bullen, T.D., Izbicki, J.A., and Johnson, T.M. (2001). Stable isotope variations of hexavalent chromium in groundwaters of the Mojave Desert, California, USA. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs 33, A-111.
    • (2001) Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs , vol.33
    • Ball, J.W.1    Bullen, T.D.2    Izbicki, J.A.3    Johnson, T.M.4
  • 16
    • 84856946367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in groundwater in the western part of the Mojave Desert, California
    • Ball, J.W., and Izbicki, J.A. (2002). Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in groundwater in the western part of the Mojave Desert, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs 34, 450.
    • (2002) Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs , vol.34 , pp. 450
    • Ball, J.W.1    Izbicki, J.A.2
  • 17
    • 2042423954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water in the western Mojave Desert, California
    • DOI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.011, PII S088329270400023X
    • Ball, J.W., and Izbicki, J.A. (2004). Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in groundwater in the western part of the Mojave Desert, California. Appl. Geochem. 19, 1123-1135. (Pubitemid 38531855)
    • (2004) Applied Geochemistry , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 1123-1135
    • Ball, J.W.1    Izbicki, J.A.2
  • 18
    • 33745726768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of xanthine functionalized resin in speciation of chromium in natural water
    • Bantrjee, D., and Das, A.K. (2006). Application of xanthine functionalized resin in speciation of chromium in natural water. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 83, 479484.
    • (2006) J. Indian Chem. Soc. , vol.83 , pp. 479484
    • Bantrjee, D.1    Das, A.K.2
  • 19
    • 0028948372 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II) as UV-absorbing EDTA complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis
    • Baraj, B., Martinez, M., Sastre, A., and Aguilar, M. (1995). Simultaneous determination of Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II) as UV-absorbing EDTA complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 695, 103-111.
    • (1995) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.695 , pp. 103-111
    • Baraj, B.1    Martinez, M.2    Sastre, A.3    Aguilar, M.4
  • 20
    • 25144494333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of chromium speciation by CZE and ion exchange followed by AAS
    • Baraj, B., Niencheski, L.F., Soares, J.A., Martinez, M., and Merkoci, A. (2000). Comparison of chromium speciation by CZE and ion exchange followed by AAS. J. Anal. Chem. 367, 1216.
    • (2000) J. Anal. Chem. , vol.367 , pp. 1216
    • Baraj, B.1    Niencheski, L.F.2    Soares, J.A.3    Martinez, M.4    Merkoci, A.5
  • 21
    • 13844266030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water by selective retention on chelating resin and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS)
    • Baralkiewicz, D., Gramowska, H., and Kozka, M. (2004). Determination of speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water by selective retention on chelating resin and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Chem. Anal. 49, 905-913. (Pubitemid 40248105)
    • (2004) Chemia Analityczna , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 905-913
    • Baralkiewicz, D.1    Gramowska, H.2    Kozka, M.3
  • 22
    • 13144275240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Iron(III), Cobalt(II) and Chromium(III) in various water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by means of saccharomyces carlsbergensis immobilized on amberlite XAD-4
    • Baytak, S., and Turker, A.R. (2005). Determination of Iron(III), Cobalt(II) and Chromium(III) in various water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by means of saccharomyces carlsbergensis immobilized on amberlite XAD-4. Microchim. Acta 149, 109.
    • (2005) Microchim. Acta , vol.149 , pp. 109
    • Baytak, S.1    Turker, A.R.2
  • 23
    • 69549092340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium, cadmium and manganese in water and fish samples after preconcentration using penicillium digitatum immobilized on pumice stone
    • Baytak, S., and Turker, A.R. (2009). Determination of chromium, cadmium and manganese in water and fish samples after preconcentration using penicillium digitatum immobilized on pumice stone. Clean 37, 314-318.
    • (2009) Clean , vol.37 , pp. 314-318
    • Baytak, S.1    Turker, A.R.2
  • 24
    • 4243719298 scopus 로고
    • Separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using complexation of Cr(III) with 8-hydroxyquinoline and determination of both species in waters by ETA-AAS
    • Beceiro-Gonzalez, E., Barciela-Garcia, J., Bermejo-Barrera, P., and Bermejo-Barrera, A. (1992). Separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using complexation of Cr(III) with 8-hydroxyquinoline and determination of both species in waters by ETA-AAS. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 344, 301-305.
    • (1992) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. , vol.344 , pp. 301-305
    • Beceiro-Gonzalez, E.1    Barciela-Garcia, J.2    Bermejo-Barrera, P.3    Bermejo-Barrera, A.4
  • 25
    • 27444433231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud point extraction as a procedure of separation and preconcentration for metal determination using spectroanalytical techniques: A review
    • Bezerra, M.A., Arruda, M.A.Z., and Ferreira, S.L.C. (2005). Cloud point extraction as a procedure of separation and preconcentration for metal determination using spectroanalytical techniques: A review. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 40, 269.
    • (2005) Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. , vol.40 , pp. 269
    • Bezerra, M.A.1    Arruda, M.A.Z.2    Ferreira, S.L.C.3
  • 26
    • 0026555730 scopus 로고
    • The determination of the chromium speciation in sea water using catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry
    • Boussemart, M., van den Berg, C.M.G., and Ghadda, M.F. (1992). The determination of the chromium speciation in sea water using catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry. Anal. Chim. Acta 262, 103-115.
    • (1992) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.262 , pp. 103-115
    • Boussemart, M.1    Van Den Berg, C.M.G.2    Ghadda, M.F.3
  • 27
    • 34147186353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) after column solid phase extraction on Amberlite XAD-2010
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.074, PII S0304389406010417
    • Bulut, V.N., Duran, C., Tufekci, M., Elci, L., and Soylak, M. (2007). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) after column solid phase extraction on Amberlite XAD-2010. J. Hazard. Mater. 143, 112-117. (Pubitemid 46560203)
    • (2007) Journal of Hazardous Materials , vol.143 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 112-117
    • Bulut, V.N.1    Duran, C.2    Tufekci, M.3    Elci, L.4    Soylak, M.5
  • 28
    • 0028801165 scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with both inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection
    • Byrdy, F.A., Olson, L.K., Vela, N.P., and Caruso, J.A. (1995). Chromium speciation by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with both inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 712, 311-350.
    • (1995) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.712 , pp. 311-350
    • Byrdy, F.A.1    Olson, L.K.2    Vela, N.P.3    Caruso, J.A.4
  • 30
    • 34047275723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium in waste water using ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.10.041, PII S0039914006007272
    • Chen, Z., Megharaj, M., and Naidu, R. (2007). Speciation of chromium in waste water using ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 72, 394-400. (Pubitemid 46550593)
    • (2007) Talanta , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 394-400
    • Chen, Z.1    Megharaj, M.2    Naidu, R.3
  • 31
    • 0037973296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium redox speciation in natural waters
    • DOI 10.1039/b302827e
    • Comber, S., and Gardner, M. (2003). Chromium redox speciation in natural waters. J. Environ. Monit. 5, 410-413. (Pubitemid 36724139)
    • (2003) Journal of Environmental Monitoring , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-413
    • Comber, S.1    Gardner, M.2
  • 32
    • 0029899890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconcentration and speciation of chromium by the determination of total chromium and chromium(III) in natural waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a chelating ion-exchange flow injection system
    • Crespon Romero, R.M., Yebra-Biurrun, M.C., and Bermejo-Barrera, M.P. (1996). Preconcentration and speciation of chromium by the determination of total chromium and chromium(III) in natural waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a chelating ion-exchange flow injection system. Anal. Chem. Acta 327, 37-45.
    • (1996) Anal. Chem. Acta , vol.327 , pp. 37-45
    • Crespon Romero, R.M.1    Yebra-Biurrun, M.C.2    Bermejo-Barrera, M.P.3
  • 33
    • 0000582278 scopus 로고
    • Preconcentration of Cr(VI) ion on melamine formaldehyde resin
    • Demirata, B. (1992). Preconcentration of Cr(VI) ion on melamine formaldehyde resin. J. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 343, 351-359.
    • (1992) J. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. , vol.343 , pp. 351-359
    • Demirata, B.1
  • 34
    • 0034808624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by means of melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin and FAAS
    • DOI 10.1007/s006040170044
    • Demirata, B. (2001). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by means of melamine-ureaformaldehyde resin and FAAS. Microchim. Acta 136, 143-146. (Pubitemid 32916674)
    • (2001) Mikrochimica Acta , vol.136 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 143-146
    • Demirata, B.1
  • 35
    • 0030367655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using melamine-formaldehyde resin and determination of both species in water by FAAS
    • Demirata, B., Tor, I., Filik, H., and Afsar, H. (1996). Separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using melamine-formaldehyde resin and determination of both species in water by FAAS. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 356, 375-377. (Pubitemid 126722754)
    • (1996) Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry , vol.356 , Issue.6 , pp. 375-377
    • Demirata, B.1    Tor, I.2    Filik, H.3    Afsar, H.4
  • 37
    • 0033662591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltammetric determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)-and[Cr(VI).Mn(IV)]-spiked reference soil samples as a function of incubation time and extraction procedures
    • Desimoni, E., Genevini, P., Tambone, F., Pikovic, S., and Banfi, P. (2000). Voltammetric determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)-and[Cr(VI).Mn(IV)]-spiked reference soil samples as a function of incubation time and extraction procedures. Electroanalysis 12, 337-342.
    • (2000) Electroanalysis , vol.12 , pp. 337-342
    • Desimoni, E.1    Genevini, P.2    Tambone, F.3    Pikovic, S.4    Banfi, P.5
  • 39
    • 84856943380 scopus 로고
    • Dionex Chelmsford, MA: Dionex
    • Dionex. (1992b). Application update no. 165. Chelmsford, MA: Dionex.
    • (1992) Application Update No. 165
  • 40
    • 0036711994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of an optimization procedure in adsorptive stripping voltammetry for the determination of chromium with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
    • Dominguez, O., Alonso, M.A., and Arcos, M.J. (2002). Application of an optimization procedure in adsorptive stripping voltammetry for the determination of chromium with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Electroanalysis 14, 1083-1089.
    • (2002) Electroanalysis , vol.14 , pp. 1083-1089
    • Dominguez, O.1    Alonso, M.A.2    Arcos, M.J.3
  • 41
    • 4143073620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimisation procedure for the inhibitive determination of chromium(III) using an amperometric tyrosinase biosensor
    • Dominguez, O., Alonso, M.A., and Arcos, M.J. (2004). Optimisation procedure for the inhibitive determination of chromium(III) using an amperometric tyrosinase biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta 521, 215-221.
    • (2004) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.521 , pp. 215-221
    • Dominguez, O.1    Alonso, M.A.2    Arcos, M.J.3
  • 43
    • 0035694460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of an optimization procedure for the determination of chromium in various water types by catalytic-adsorptive stripping voltammetry
    • Dominguez, O., Sanllorente, S., Alonso, M.A., and Arcos, M.J. (2001). Application of an optimization procedure for the determination of chromium in various water types by catalytic-adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Electroanalysis 13, 1505-1512.
    • (2001) Electroanalysis , vol.13 , pp. 1505-1512
    • Dominguez, O.1    Sanllorente, S.2    Alonso, M.A.3    Arcos, M.J.4
  • 44
    • 47549102011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical determination of chromium(VI) using metallic nanoparticle-modified carbon screen-printed electrodes
    • Dominguez-Renedo, O., Ruiz-Espelt, L., Garća-Astorgano, N., and Arcos-Mart́nez, M.J. (2008). Electrochemical determination of chromium(VI) using metallic nanoparticle-modified carbon screen-printed electrodes. Talanta 76, 854-858.
    • (2008) Talanta , vol.76 , pp. 854-858
    • Dominguez-Renedo, O.1    Ruiz-Espelt, L.2    Garća-Astorgano, N.3    Arcos-Mart́nez, M.J.4
  • 45
    • 0033538875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation using an automated liquid handling system with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric detection
    • Donais, M.K., Henry, R., and Rettberg, T. (1999). Chromium speciation using an automated liquid handling system with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric detection. Talanta 49, 1045-1050.
    • (1999) Talanta , vol.49 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Donais, M.K.1    Henry, R.2    Rettberg, T.3
  • 46
    • 0027972487 scopus 로고
    • Preparation of filters loaded with welding dust. A homogeneity and stability study of hexavalent chromium
    • DOI 10.1016/0003-2670(94)85073-9
    • Dyg, S., Anglov, T., and Christensen, J.M. (1994). Preparation of filters loaded with welding dust. A homogeneity and stability study of hexavalent chromium. Analyt. Chim. Acta 286, 273-282. (Pubitemid 24062096)
    • (1994) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.286 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-282
    • Dyg, S.1    Anglov, T.2    Christensen, J.M.3
  • 47
    • 0025047156 scopus 로고
    • Fundamental reviews in analytical chemistry, nuclear and radiochemical analysis
    • Ehmann, W.D., Robertson, J.D., and Yates, S.W. (1990). Fundamental reviews in analytical chemistry, nuclear and radiochemical analysis. Anal. Chem. 62, 50R.
    • (1990) Anal. Chem. , vol.62
    • Ehmann, W.D.1    Robertson, J.D.2    Yates, S.W.3
  • 48
    • 4244058209 scopus 로고
    • Preconcentration of trace metals in river waters by the application of chelate adsorption
    • Elci, L., Soylak, M., and Dogan, M. (1992). Preconcentration of trace metals in river waters by the application of chelate adsorption. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 342, 175-178.
    • (1992) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. , vol.342 , pp. 175-178
    • Elci, L.1    Soylak, M.2    Dogan, M.3
  • 49
    • 0002091594 scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation in seawater
    • Elderfield, H. (1970). Chromium speciation in seawater. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 9, 10-16.
    • (1970) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 10-16
    • Elderfield, H.1
  • 50
    • 0026530672 scopus 로고
    • Determination of trace amounts of chromium(VI) in water by electrochemical methods
    • Elleouet, C., Quentel, F., and Madec, C. (1992). Determination of trace amounts of chromium(VI) in water by electrochemical methods. Anal. Chim. Acta 257, 301-308.
    • (1992) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.257 , pp. 301-308
    • Elleouet, C.1    Quentel, F.2    Madec, C.3
  • 52
    • 3943080534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacramento, CA: California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
    • Fan, A.M., and Alexeeff, G.V. (1999). Public health goal for chromium in drinking water. Sacramento, CA: California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
    • (1999) Public Health Goal for Chromium in Drinking Water
    • Fan, A.M.1    Alexeeff, G.V.2
  • 53
    • 0007293587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly sensitive semi-quantitative field test for the determination of chromium (VI) in aqueous samples
    • Frenzel, W. (1998). Highly sensitive semi-quantitative field test for the determination of chromium (VI) in aqueous samples. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 361, 774-779. (Pubitemid 128790587)
    • (1998) Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry , vol.361 , Issue.8 , pp. 774-779
    • Frenzel, W.1
  • 54
    • 0036143444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of trace concentrations of hexavalent chromium
    • DOI 10.1039/b109374f
    • Gardner, M., and Comber, S. (2002). Determination of trace concentrations of hexavalent chromium. Analyst 127, 153-156. (Pubitemid 34081650)
    • (2002) Analyst , vol.127 , Issue.1 , pp. 153-156
    • Gardner, M.1    Comber, S.2
  • 55
    • 0030290951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line chromatographic separation and determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) with preconcentration of the chromium(III) using potassium hydrogen phthalate, in various samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Gaspar, A., Posta, J., and Toth, R. (1996). On-line chromatographic separation and determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) with preconcentration of the chromium(III) using potassium hydrogen phtalate, in various samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. 11, 1067-1074. (Pubitemid 126578909)
    • (1996) Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 1067-1074
    • Gaspar, A.1    Posta, J.2    Toth, R.3
  • 56
    • 3543027459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium in natural water by stripping voltammetry
    • Gevorgyan, A.M., Vakhnenko, S.V., and Artykov, A.T. (2004). Determination of chromium in natural water by stripping voltammetry. J. Anal. Chem. 59, 371-373.
    • (2004) J. Anal. Chem. , vol.59 , pp. 371-373
    • Gevorgyan, A.M.1    Vakhnenko, S.V.2    Artykov, A.T.3
  • 57
    • 0030296364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium (VI) and total chromium determination in welding dust samples by flow-injection analysis coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/0039-9140(96)01985-6
    • Girard, L., and Hubert, J. (1996). Speciation of chromium (VI) and total chromium determination in welding dust samples by flow-injection analysis coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 43, 1965-1974. (Pubitemid 26352173)
    • (1996) Talanta , vol.43 , Issue.11 , pp. 1965-1974
    • Girard, L.1    Hubert, J.2
  • 58
    • 0022360670 scopus 로고
    • Trace determination of chromium in various water types by adsorption differential pulse voltammetry
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00490915
    • Golimowski, J., Valenta, P., and N̈urnberg, H.W. (1985). Trace determination of chromium in various water types by adsorption differential pulse voltammetry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 322, 315-322. (Pubitemid 16246968)
    • (1985) Fresenius Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chemie , vol.322 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-322
    • Golimowski, J.1    Valenta, P.2    Nurnberg, H.W.3
  • 59
    • 21344434613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of multivariate curve resolution for determination of chromium in tanning samples using sequential injection analysis
    • DOI 10.1007/s00216-005-3121-8
    • Gomez, V., and Callao, M.P. (2005). Use of multivariate curve resolution for determination of chromium in tanning samples using sequential injection analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 382, 328-334. (Pubitemid 40902920)
    • (2005) Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry , vol.382 , Issue.2 , pp. 328-334
    • Gomez, V.1    Callao, M.P.2
  • 60
    • 33750575354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium determination and speciation since 2000
    • DOI 10.1016/j.trac.2006.06.010, PII S0165993606001701
    • Gomez, V., and Callao, M.P. (2006). Chromium determination and speciation since 2000. Trends Anal. Chem. 25, 1006-1015. (Pubitemid 44679718)
    • (2006) TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 1006-1015
    • Gomez, V.1    Callao, M.P.2
  • 61
    • 33747304460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factorial design for optimising chromium determination in tanning wastewater
    • Gomez, V., Pasamonetes, A., and Callao, M.P. (2006). Factorial design for optimising chromium determination in tanning wastewater. Microchem. J. 83, 98-104.
    • (2006) Microchem. J. , vol.83 , pp. 98-104
    • Gomez, V.1    Pasamonetes, A.2    Callao, M.P.3
  • 62
    • 27644449405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point Richmond, CA: Independent Environmental Technical Evaluation Group
    • Guertin, J., Jacobs, J.A., and Avakian, C.P. (2005). Chromium(vi) handbook. Point Richmond, CA: Independent Environmental Technical Evaluation Group.
    • (2005) Chromium(vi) Handbook
    • Guertin, J.1    Jacobs, J.A.2    Avakian, C.P.3
  • 63
    • 0035526822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) using suppressed ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1039/b102740a
    • Gurleyuk, H., and Wallschlager, D.J. (2001). Determination of chromium species using suppressed ion chromatography-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal. At. Spectrom. 16, 926-930. (Pubitemid 32915023)
    • (2001) Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 926-930
    • Gurleyuk, H.1    Wallschlager, D.2
  • 64
    • 0142154231 scopus 로고
    • Chromium, hexavalent, for water and wastewater, Method 8023
    • Hach Company 7th ed. Loveland, CO: Hach
    • Hach Company. (1992). Chromium, hexavalent, for water and wastewater, Method 8023. In DR/2000 spectrophotometer procedures manual (7th ed., pp. 113-117). Loveland, CO: Hach.
    • (1992) DR/2000 Spectrophotometer Procedures Manual , pp. 113-117
  • 65
    • 44949128844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by ion chromatography and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as element-selective detector
    • Hagendorfer, H., and Goessler, W. (2008). Separation of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by ion chromatography and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as element-selective detector. Talanta 76, 656-661.
    • (2008) Talanta , vol.76 , pp. 656-661
    • Hagendorfer, H.1    Goessler, W.2
  • 67
    • 0342549199 scopus 로고
    • Chromium chemicals
    • M. Grayson (Ed.) New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience
    • Hartford,W. (1983). Chromium chemicals. In M. Grayson (Ed.), Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology (pp. 83-120). New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience.
    • (1983) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , pp. 83-120
    • Hartford, W.1
  • 68
    • 0035955819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in mineral water by bidirectorial electrostatcking and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
    • He, Y., Cevera, M.L., Pastor, A., and Guardia, M. (2001). Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in mineral water by bidirectorial electrostatcking and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 447, 135.
    • (2001) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.447 , pp. 135
    • He, Y.1    Cevera, M.L.2    Pastor, A.3    Guardia, M.4
  • 69
    • 70449530613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Hemmatkhah, P., Bidari, A., Jafarvand, S., Milani Hosseini, M.R., and Assadi, Y. (2009). Speciation of chromium in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim. Acta 166, 69-75.
    • (2009) Microchim. Acta , vol.166 , pp. 69-75
    • Hemmatkhah, P.1    Bidari, A.2    Jafarvand, S.3    Milani Hosseini, M.R.4    Assadi, Y.5
  • 70
    • 68249097591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation determination of chromium using 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone with spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods
    • Hosseini, M.S., and Asadi, M. (2009). Speciation determination of chromium using 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone with spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods. Ana. Sci. 25, 807-812.
    • (2009) Ana. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 807-812
    • Hosseini, M.S.1    Asadi, M.2
  • 72
    • 0029057084 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • Inoue, Y., Sakai, T., and Kumagai, H. (1995). Simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 706, 127-136.
    • (1995) J. Chromatogr. , vol.706 , pp. 127-136
    • Inoue, Y.1    Sakai, T.2    Kumagai, H.3
  • 75
    • 0344475053 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and chromium (VI) with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Jen, J.F., On-Yang, G.L., Chen, C.S., and Yang, S.M. (1993). Simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and chromium (VI) with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 118, 1281.
    • (1993) Analyst , vol.118 , pp. 1281
    • Jen, J.F.1    On-Yang, G.L.2    Chen, C.S.3    Yang, S.M.4
  • 76
    • 0342313117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic chromium(III)/(VI) preconcentration and speciation by flow injection-flame AAS
    • Jimenez, M.S., Martin, L., Mir, J.M., and Castillo, J.R. (1996). Automatic chromium(III)/(VI) preconcentration and speciation by flow injection-flame AAS. Atom. Spectroscopy 17, 201.
    • (1996) Atom. Spectroscopy , vol.17 , pp. 201
    • Jimenez, M.S.1    Martin, L.2    Mir, J.M.3    Castillo, J.R.4
  • 77
    • 27144459937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous flow-injection speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by solid-phase reactors and spectrophotometry
    • Kargosha, K., and Noroozifar, M. (2004). Simultaneous flow-injection speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by solid-phase reactors and spectrophotometry. Asian J. Spectrosc. 8, 101-109. (Pubitemid 41501066)
    • (2004) Asian Journal of Spectroscopy , vol.8 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 101-109
    • Kargosha, K.1    Noroozifar, M.2
  • 78
    • 33744478396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) in tannery waste waters by using ion-exchange resins
    • Kartal, S., Tokalloglu, S., and ̈ Ozkan, B. (2006). Speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) in tannery waste waters by using ion-exchange resins. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 27, 694-698. (Pubitemid 43797722)
    • (2006) Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 694-698
    • Kartal, S.1    Tokahoglu, S.2    Ozkan, B.3
  • 79
    • 0026521032 scopus 로고
    • Indirect photoreduction of aqueous chrom ium(VI)
    • Kieber, R.J., and Heiz, G.R. (1992). Indirect photoreduction of aqueous chrom ium(VI). Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 307-312.
    • (1992) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.26 , pp. 307-312
    • Kieber, R.J.1    Heiz, G.R.2
  • 80
    • 0037156664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal and recovery of chromium and chromium speciation with MINTEQA2
    • DOI 10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00677-4, PII S0039914001006774
    • Kocaoba, S., and Akcin, G. (2002). Removal and recovery of chromium and chromium speciation with MINTEQA2. Talanta 57, 23-30. (Pubitemid 34453487)
    • (2002) Talanta , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-30
    • Kocaoba, S.1    Akcin, G.2
  • 81
    • 0033659932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of pulsed potential accumulation for minimization of interferences from surfactants in voltammetric determination of traces of Cr(VI
    • Korolczuk, M. (2000). Application of pulsed potential accumulation for minimization of interferences from surfactants in voltammetric determination of traces of Cr(VI). Electroanalysis 12, 837-840.
    • (2000) Electroanalysis , vol.12 , pp. 837-840
    • Korolczuk, M.1
  • 82
    • 0033983874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation
    • Kotasa, J., and Stasick, Z. (2000). Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation. Environ. Pollut. 107, 263-283.
    • (2000) Environ. Pollut. , vol.107 , pp. 263-283
    • Kotasa, J.1    Stasick, Z.2
  • 83
    • 8144223864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in waters using immobilized moss and determination by ICP-MS and FAAS
    • Krishna, M.V.B., Chandrasekaran, K., Rao, S.V., Karunasagar, D., and Arunachalam, J. (2005). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in waters using immobilized moss and determination by ICP-MS and FAAS. Talanta 65, 135-143.
    • (2005) Talanta , vol.65 , pp. 135-143
    • Krishna, M.V.B.1    Chandrasekaran, K.2    Rao, S.V.3    Karunasagar, D.4    Arunachalam, J.5
  • 84
    • 0020842627 scopus 로고
    • Trace analysis and speciation for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) via HPLC-direct current plasma emission spectroscopy (HPLC-DCP)
    • Krull, I.S., Panaro, K.W., and Gershman, L.L. (1983). Trace analysis and speciation for Cr (VI) and Cr (III) via HPLC-direct current plasma emission spectroscopy (HPLC-DCP). J. Chromatogr. Sci. 21, 460-472. (Pubitemid 14247082)
    • (1983) Journal of Chromatographic Science , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 460-472
    • Krull, I.S.1    Panaro, K.W.2    Gershman, L.L.3
  • 85
    • 0347764831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection and dual opposite end injection
    • DOI 10.1002/elps.200390179
    • Kub́an, P., Kub́an, P., and Kub́an, V. (2003). Speciation of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection and dual opposite end injection. Electrophoresis 24, 1397-1403. (Pubitemid 38088921)
    • (2003) Electrophoresis , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 1397-1403
    • Kuban, P.1    Kuban, P.2    Kuban, V.3
  • 86
    • 74349100343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation in groundwater of a tannery polluted area of Chennai City, India
    • Kumar, A.R., and Riyazuddin, P. (2009). Chromium speciation in groundwater of a tannery polluted area of Chennai City, India. Environ. Monit. Assess. 160, 579-591.
    • (2009) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.160 , pp. 579-591
    • Kumar, A.R.1    Riyazuddin, P.2
  • 87
    • 0001368339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of speciation chemistry of arsenic
    • Kumaresan, M., and Riyazuddin, P. (2001). Overview of speciation chemistry of arsenic. Current Sci. 80, 837-846. (Pubitemid 33628971)
    • (2001) Current Science , vol.80 , Issue.7 , pp. 837-846
    • Kumaresan, M.1    Riyazuddin, P.2
  • 89
    • 10444239205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer microcarrier exhibiting zero-order release
    • Landgraf, W., Li, N.H., and Benson, J.R. (2003). Polymer microcarrier exhibiting zero-order release. Drug Deliv. Tech. 3, 1-12.
    • (2003) Drug Deliv. Tech. , vol.3 , pp. 1-12
    • Landgraf, W.1    Li, N.H.2    Benson, J.R.3
  • 90
    • 5244288391 scopus 로고
    • Direct liquid sample introduction for flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography with inductively coupled, argon plasma spectrometric detection
    • Lawrence, K.E., Rice, G.W., and Fassel, V.A. (1984). Direct liquid sample introduction for flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography with inductively coupled, argon plasma spectrometric detection. Anal. Chem. 56, 289-292.
    • (1984) Anal. Chem. , vol.56 , pp. 289-292
    • Lawrence, K.E.1    Rice, G.W.2    Fassel, V.A.3
  • 91
    • 43049120290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium in water samples with cloud point extraction separation and preconcentration and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Liang, P., and Sang, H. (2008). Speciation of chromium in water samples with cloud point extraction separation and preconcentration and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Hazard. Mat. 154, 1115-1119.
    • (2008) J. Hazard. Mat. , vol.154 , pp. 1115-1119
    • Liang, P.1    Sang, H.2
  • 92
    • 0035804067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species in natural waters by catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry
    • DOI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01314-9, PII S0003267001013149
    • Li, Y., and Xue, H. (2001). Determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species in natural waters by catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry. Anal. Chim. Acta 448, 121-134. (Pubitemid 34066467)
    • (2001) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.448 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 121-134
    • Li, Y.1    Xue, H.2
  • 93
    • 33645541546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium in water samples by cloud point extraction combined with low temperature electrothermal vaporization ICP-OES
    • Li, Y.J., Hu, B., Jiang, Z.C., and Wu, Y.W. (2006). Speciation of chromium in water samples by cloud point extraction combined with low temperature electrothermal vaporization ICP-OES. Anal. Lett. 39, 809-822.
    • (2006) Anal. Lett. , vol.39 , pp. 809-822
    • Li, Y.J.1    Hu, B.2    Jiang, Z.C.3    Wu, Y.W.4
  • 95
    • 0030743709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential injection wetting film extraction applied to the spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) in water
    • DOI 10.1016/S0039-9140(96)02180-7, PII S0039914096021807
    • Luo, Y., Nakano, S., Holman, D.A., Ruzicka, J., and Christian, G.D. (1997). Sequential injection wetting film extraction applied to the spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) in water. Talanta 44, 1563-1571. (Pubitemid 27354227)
    • (1997) Talanta , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 1563-1571
    • Luo, Y.1    Nakano, S.2    Holman, D.A.3    Ruzicka, J.4    Christian, G.D.5
  • 96
    • 8444246719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation and preconcentration using zirconium(IV) and zirconium(IV) phosphate chemically immobilized onto silica gel surface using a flow system and FAAS
    • Maltez, H.F., and Carasek, E. (2005). Chromium speciation and preconcentration using zirconium(IV) and zirconium(IV) phosphate chemically immobilized onto silica gel surface using a flow system and FAAS. Talanta 65, 537-542.
    • (2005) Talanta , vol.65 , pp. 537-542
    • Maltez, H.F.1    Carasek, E.2
  • 97
    • 0001129573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of chromium (VI) and total chromium in drinking water by the sorption of chromium diphenylcarbazone with surfactant coated alumina
    • Manzoori, J.L., Sorouraddin, M.H., and Shemirani, F. (1996). Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of chromium (VI) and total chromium in drinking water by the sorption of chromium diphenylcarbazone with surfactant coated alumina. Anal. Lett. 29, 2007-2014. (Pubitemid 126452350)
    • (1996) Analytical Letters , vol.29 , Issue.11 , pp. 2007-2014
    • Manzoori, J.L.1    Sorouraddin, M.H.2    Shemiran, F.3
  • 98
    • 0035896189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation using activated alumina microcolumns and sequential injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00616-0, PII S0039914000006160
    • Marques, M.J., Morales-Rubio, A., Salvador, A., and de la Guardia, M. (2001). Chromium speciation using activated alumina microcolumns and sequential injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 53, 1229-1239. (Pubitemid 32231539)
    • (2001) Talanta , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 1229-1239
    • Marques, M.J.1    Morales-Rubio, A.2    Salvador, A.3    De La Guardia, M.4
  • 101
    • 0027969211 scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromate ion in chromium plating baths using capillary zone electrophoresis with micellar solution
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80445-1
    • Martinez, M., and Aguilar, M. (1994). Determination of chromate ion in chromium plating baths using capillary zone electrophoresis with micellar solution. J. Chromatogr. A 676, 443-450. (Pubitemid 24249018)
    • (1994) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.676 , Issue.2 , pp. 443-450
    • Martinez, M.1    Aguilar, M.2
  • 104
    • 1842507090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion chromatography method for the determination of trace levels of chromium(VI) in water
    • Michalski, R. (2004). Ion chromatography method for the determination of trace levels of chromium(VI) in water. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 13, 73-77. (Pubitemid 38427479)
    • (2004) Polish Journal of Environmental Studies , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-77
    • Michalski, R.1
  • 105
    • 34047141040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconcentration, determination and speciation of chromium(III) using solid phase extraction extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Mohammadhosseini, M., Tehrani, M.S., and Ganjali, M.R. (2006). Preconcentration, determination and speciation of chromium(III) using solid phase extraction extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 53, 549-557.
    • (2006) J. Chin. Chem. Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 549-557
    • Mohammadhosseini, M.1    Tehrani, M.S.2    Ganjali, M.R.3
  • 106
    • 0037015129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by use of a spectrophotometric sequential injection system
    • Mulaudzi, L.V., van Staden, J.F., and Stefan, R.I. (2002). Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by use of a spectrophotometric sequential injection system. Anal. Chim. Acta 467, 51-60.
    • (2002) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.467 , pp. 51-60
    • Mulaudzi, L.V.1    Van Staden, J.F.2    Stefan, R.I.3
  • 107
    • 38049009429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel solid phase extraction procedure on Amberlite XAD-1180 for speciation of Cr(III), Cr(VI) and total chromium in environmental and pharmaceutical samples
    • Narin, I., Kars, A., and Soylak, M. (2008). A novel solid phase extraction procedure on Amberlite XAD-1180 for speciation of Cr(III), Cr(VI) and total chromium in environmental and pharmaceutical samples. J. Hazard. Mat. 150, 453-458.
    • (2008) J. Hazard. Mat. , vol.150 , pp. 453-458
    • Narin, I.1    Kars, A.2    Soylak, M.3
  • 108
    • 0034810815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation and enrichment of chromium, copper, nickel and lead in surface seawater samples on a column filled with Amberlite XAD-2000
    • DOI 10.1081/AL-100106123
    • Narin, I., Soylak, M., Elci, L., and Dogan, M. (2001). Separation and enrichment of chromium, copper, nickel and lead in surface seawater samples on a column filled with Amberlite XAD-2000. Anal. Lett. 34, 1935-1947. (Pubitemid 32923724)
    • (2001) Analytical Letters , vol.34 , Issue.11 , pp. 1935-1947
    • Narin, I.1    Soylak, M.2    Elci, L.3    Dogan, M.4
  • 109
    • 0036337687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater and sediment samples on Ambersorb 563 resin
    • DOI 10.1081/AL-120006679
    • Narin, I., Soylak, M., Kayakirilmaz, K., Elci, L., and Dogan, M. (2002). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater and sediment samples on ambersorb 563 resin. Anal. Lett. 35, 1437-1452. (Pubitemid 34856326)
    • (2002) Analytical Letters , vol.35 , Issue.8 , pp. 1437-1452
    • Narin, I.1    Soylak, M.2    Kayakirilmaz, K.3    Elci, L.4    Dogan, M.5
  • 113
    • 0038485587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific extraction of chromium as tetrabutylaammonium chromate and spectropotometric determination by diphynylcarbazide: Speciation of chromium in effluent streams
    • Noroozifar, M., and Khorasani-Motlagh, M. (2003). Specific extraction of chromium as tetrabutylaammonium chromate and spectropotometric determination by diphynylcarbazide: Speciation of chromium in effluent streams. Ana. Sci. 19(5), 705-708.
    • (2003) Ana. Sci. , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 705-708
    • Noroozifar, M.1    Khorasani-Motlagh, M.2
  • 114
    • 0003073859 scopus 로고
    • Production and uses of chromium
    • J.O. Nriagu and E. Nieboer (Eds.) New York, NY: Wiley Interscience
    • Nriagu, J.O. (1988). Production and uses of chromium. In J.O. Nriagu and E. Nieboer (Eds.), Chromium in the natural and human environments (Vol. 20, pp. 81-103). New York, NY: Wiley Interscience.
    • (1988) Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments , vol.20 , pp. 81-103
    • Nriagu, J.O.1
  • 116
    • 0028850875 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of chromium from tannery effluents using a redox-adsorption approach
    • O'Dwyer, T.F., and Hodnett, B.K. (1995). Recovery of chromium from tannery effluents using a redox-adsorption approach. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 62, 30-37.
    • (1995) J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. , vol.62 , pp. 30-37
    • O'Dwyer, T.F.1    Hodnett, B.K.2
  • 118
    • 0035369731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective speciation of trace chromium through micelle-mediated preconcentration, coupled with micellar flow injection analysis- spectrofluorimetry
    • DOI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00884-4, PII S0003267001008844
    • Paleologos, E.K., Stalikas, C.D., Tzouwara-Karayanni, S.M., and Karayannis, M.I. (2001). Selective speciation of trace chromium through micelle-mediated preconcentration coupled with micellar flow injection analysis-spectrofluorimetry. Anal. Chim. Acta 436, 49-57. (Pubitemid 32522454)
    • (2001) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.436 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-57
    • Paleologos, E.K.1    Stalikas, C.D.2    Tzouwara-Karayanni, S.M.3    Karayannis, M.I.4
  • 120
    • 0037415271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -1 levels
    • DOI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01429-0, PII S0003267002014290
    • Paleologos, E.K., Vlessidis, A.G., Karayannis, M.I., and Evmiridis, N.P. (2003). Online sorption preconcentration of metals based on mixed micelle cloud point extraction prior to their determination with micellar chemiluminescence: Application to the determination of chromium at ng l1 levels. Anal. Chim. Acta 477, 223-231. (Pubitemid 36044049)
    • (2003) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.477 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-231
    • Paleologos, E.K.1    Vlessidis, A.G.2    Karayannis, M.I.3    Evmiridis, N.P.4
  • 121
    • 0029189841 scopus 로고
    • On the spectrophotometric flow injection determination of chromium(VI) in natural waters after on-line preconcentration on activated alumina
    • DOI 10.1016/0039-9140(95)01613-9
    • Pannain, M.C., and Santelli, R.E. (1995). On the spectrophotometric flow injection determination of chromium(VI) in natural waters after on-line preconcentration on activated alumina. Talanta 42, 1609-1617. (Pubitemid 3006305)
    • (1995) Talanta , vol.42 , Issue.11 , pp. 1609-1617
    • Pannain, M.C.1    Santelli, R.E.2
  • 122
    • 0030601893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium in waste waters by coupled column ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00531-6, PII S0021967396005316
    • Pantsar-Kallio, M., and Manninen, P.K.G. (1996). Speciation of chromium in waste waters by coupled column ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 750, 89-95. (Pubitemid 26374019)
    • (1996) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.750 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 89-95
    • Pantsar-Kallio, M.1    Manninen, P.K.G.2
  • 124
    • 3042612182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of total chromium in environmental water samples
    • DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.024, PII S0043135404002283
    • Parks, J.L., McNeill, L., Frey, M., Eaton, A.D., Haghani, A., Ramirez, L., and Edwards, M. (2004). Determination of total chromium in environmental water samples. Water Res. 38, 2827-2838. (Pubitemid 38829573)
    • (2004) Water Research , vol.38 , Issue.12 , pp. 2827-2838
    • Parks, J.L.1    McNeill, L.2    Frey, M.3    Eaton, A.D.4    Haghani, A.5    Ramirez, L.6    Edwards, M.7
  • 125
    • 0001234738 scopus 로고
    • On-line preconcentration of chromium (III) and speciation of chromium in waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Pasullean, B., Davidson, C.M., and Littlejohn, D. (1995). On-line preconcentration of chromium (III) and speciation of chromium in waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 10, 241-246.
    • (1995) J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. , vol.10 , pp. 241-246
    • Pasullean, B.1    Davidson, C.M.2    Littlejohn, D.3
  • 126
    • 0029347365 scopus 로고
    • Ion exchange process for removal and recovery from tannery wastes
    • Petruzzelli, D., Passino, R., and Tiravanti, G. (1995). Ion exchange process for removal and recovery from tannery wastes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34, 2612-2617.
    • (1995) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 2612-2617
    • Petruzzelli, D.1    Passino, R.2    Tiravanti, G.3
  • 127
    • 18844400330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digestion treatments and risks of Cr(III)-Cr(VI) interconversions during Cr(VI) determination in soils and sediments - A review
    • DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.040, PII S0003267005004939
    • Pettine, M., and Capri, S. (2005). Digestion treatments and risks of Cr(III)-Cr(VI) interconversions during Cr(VI) determination in soils and sediments: A review. Anal. Chim. Acta 540, 231-238. (Pubitemid 40694079)
    • (2005) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.540 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-238
    • Pettine, M.1    Capri, S.2
  • 128
    • 0342972919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion chromatographic speciation of chromium with diphenylcarbazide-based spectrophotometric detection
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01373-3
    • Pobozy, E., Wojasifiska, E., and Trojanowicz, M. (1996). Ion chromatographic speciation of chromium with diphenylcarbazide-based spectrophotometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 736, 141-150. (Pubitemid 26198419)
    • (1996) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.736 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 141-150
    • Pobozy, E.1    Wojasinska, E.2    Trojanowicz, M.3
  • 129
    • 0030363596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on-line preconcentration and determination with high performance flow flame emission spectrometry in natural samples
    • Posta, J., Gaspar, A., Toth, R., and Ombodi, L. (1996). Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on-line preconcentration and determination with high performance flow flame emission spectrometry in natural samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 355, 719-720. (Pubitemid 126709987)
    • (1996) Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry , vol.355 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 719-720
    • Posta, J.1    Gaspar, A.2    Toth, R.3    Ombodi, L.4
  • 130
    • 0001689484 scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium species in environmental samples using high-pressure liquid chromatography direct injection nebulization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • Powell, M.J., Boomer, D.W., and Wiederin, D.R. (1995). Determination of chromium species in environmental samples using high-pressure liquid chromatography direct injection nebulization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67, 2474-2478.
    • (1995) Anal. Chem. , vol.67 , pp. 2474-2478
    • Powell, M.J.1    Boomer, D.W.2    Wiederin, D.R.3
  • 131
    • 0037320042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of diffusion samplers for the determination of hexavalent chromium by sequential injection spectrophotometry
    • Pressman, M.A.S., and Aldstadt, J.H. (2003). A comparative study of diffusion samplers for the determination of hexavalent chromium by sequential injection spectrophotometry. Microchem. J. 74, 47-57.
    • (2003) Microchem. J. , vol.74 , pp. 47-57
    • Pressman, M.A.S.1    Aldstadt, J.H.2
  • 132
    • 0033231204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surfactant-mediated cloud point extraction: An environmentally benign alternative separation approach
    • Quina, F.H., and Hinze, W.L. (1999). Surfactant-mediated cloud point extraction: An environmentally benign alternative separation approach. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 4150-4168.
    • (1999) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 4150-4168
    • Quina, F.H.1    Hinze, W.L.2
  • 133
    • 33845283130 scopus 로고
    • Chromium(III) hydrolysis constants and solubility of chromium(III) hydroxide
    • Rai, D., Sass, B.M., and Moore, D.A. (1987). Chromium(III) hydrolysis constants and solubility of chromium(III) hydroxide. Inorg. Chem. 26, 345-349.
    • (1987) Inorg. Chem. , vol.26 , pp. 345-349
    • Rai, D.1    Sass, B.M.2    Moore, D.A.3
  • 134
    • 0033918992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative use of INAA and ICP-MS methods for environmental studies
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1006723022439
    • Revel, G., and Ayrault, S. (2000). Comparative use of INAA and ICP-MS methods for environmental studies. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 244, 73-80. (Pubitemid 30456616)
    • (2000) Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , vol.244 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-80
    • Revel, G.1    Ayrault, S.2
  • 135
  • 136
    • 0342495635 scopus 로고
    • Application of denuder technique in filter sampling of airborne chromates at ground level concentration
    • Rohling, O., and Neidhart, B. (1995). Application of denuder technique in filter sampling of airborne chromates at ground level concentration. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 351, 33-40.
    • (1995) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. , vol.351 , pp. 33-40
    • Rohling, O.1    Neidhart, B.2
  • 139
    • 0034964679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal species determination by ion chromatography
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-9936(01)00071-1, PII S0165993601000711
    • Sarzanini, C., and Bruzzoniti, M.C. (2001). Metal species determination by ion chromatography. Trends Anal. Chem. 20, 304-310. (Pubitemid 32614168)
    • (2001) TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry , vol.20 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 304-310
    • Sarzanini, C.1    Bruzzoniti, M.C.2
  • 141
    • 0025081059 scopus 로고
    • The catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of chromium with DTPA and nitrate
    • Scholz, F., Lange, B., Draheim, M., and Pelzer, J. (1990b). The catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of chromium with DTPA and nitrate. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 338, 627-629. (Pubitemid 20387079)
    • (1990) Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry , vol.338 , Issue.5 , pp. 627-629
    • Scholz, F.1    Lange, B.2    Draheim, M.3    Pelzer, J.4
  • 142
    • 0037102178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective preconcentration and determination of chromium(VI) using a flat sheet polymer inclusion sorbent: Potential application for Cr(VI) determination in real samples
    • DOI 10.1021/ac025640u
    • Scindia, Y.M., Pandey, A.K., Reddy, A.V.R., and Manohar, S.B. (2002). Selective preconcentration and determination of chromium(VI) using a flat sheet polymer inclusion sorbent: Potential application for Cr(VI) determination in real samples. Anal. Chem. 74, 4204-4212. (Pubitemid 34912923)
    • (2002) Analytical Chemistry , vol.74 , Issue.16 , pp. 4204-4212
    • Scindia, Y.M.1    Pandey, A.K.2    Reddy, A.V.R.3    Manohar, S.B.4
  • 143
    • 2942665715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemically selective membrane optode for Cr(VI) determination in aqueous samples
    • DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.074, PII S0003267004004088
    • Scindia, Y.M., Pandey, A.K., Reddy, A.V.R., and Manohar, S.B. (2004). Chemically selective membrane optode for Cr(VI) determination in aqueous samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 515, 311-321. (Pubitemid 38781127)
    • (2004) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.515 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-321
    • Scindia, Y.M.1    Pandey, A.K.2    Reddy, A.V.R.3    Manohar, S.B.4
  • 144
    • 64949105218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium pollution in the groundwaters of an industrial area in Bangalore, India
    • Shankar, B. (2009). Chromium pollution in the groundwaters of an industrial area in Bangalore, India. Environ. Eng. Sci. 26, 305-310.
    • (2009) Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 305-310
    • Shankar, B.1
  • 145
    • 30544439062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation analysis of chromium (VI) and chromium (III) in water sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry with TOA-benzene extraction separation system
    • Shawket, A., Wang, J.D., and Horshida, (2005). Speciation analysis of chromium (VI) and chromium (III) in water sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry with TOA-benzene extraction separation system. Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 25, 2082-2084. (Pubitemid 43077853)
    • (2005) Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi/Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis , vol.25 , Issue.12 , pp. 2082-2084
    • Shawket, A.1    Wang, J.-D.2    Horshida3
  • 147
    • 0242364226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconcentration and speciation of chromium in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud-point extraction
    • Shemirani, F., Abkenar, S.D., Mirroshandel, A.A., Salavati-Niasari, M., and Kozania, R.R. (2003). Preconcentration and speciation of chromium in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud-point extraction. Anal. Sci. 19, 1453-1456.
    • (2003) Anal. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 1453-1456
    • Shemirani, F.1    Abkenar, S.D.2    Mirroshandel, A.A.3    Salavati-Niasari, M.4    Kozania, R.R.5
  • 148
    • 0023512525 scopus 로고
    • Variability of dissolved trace metals in the Mississippi River
    • Shiller, A.M., and Boyle, E.A. (1987). Variability of dissolved trace metals in the Mississippi River. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 3273-3277.
    • (1987) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.51 , pp. 3273-3277
    • Shiller, A.M.1    Boyle, E.A.2
  • 149
    • 84856832843 scopus 로고
    • August 7 Memo to Standards/Criteria Workgroup Members. Unpublished manuscript
    • Siegel, D.M. (1990, August 7). Carcinogenicity of chromium via ingestion. Memo to Standards/Criteria Workgroup Members. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (1990) Carcinogenicity of Chromium Via Ingestion
    • Siegel, D.M.1
  • 150
    • 0003814491 scopus 로고
    • Bilthoven, the Netherlands. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection
    • Slooff, W. (1989). Integrated criteria document chromium (Report no. 758701002). Bilthoven, the Netherlands. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection.
    • (1989) Integrated Criteria Document Chromium (Report No. 758701002)
    • Slooff, W.1
  • 151
    • 0000269780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltammetric determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in tropical estuarine waters: Advantages and limitations
    • Souza, E.M., Wagener, A.L., and Farias, P. (1997). Voltammetric determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in tropical estuarine waters: Advantages and limitations. Croat. Chem. Acta 70, 259-269. (Pubitemid 127441150)
    • (1997) Croatica Chemica Acta , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 259-269
    • De Souza, E.M.1    Wagener, A.D.L.R.2    Farias, P.3
  • 152
    • 0001255774 scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in water using flow injection on-line preconcentration with selective adsorption on activated alumina and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection
    • Sperling, M., Xu, S., and Welz, B. (1992). Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in water using flow injection on-line preconcentration with selective adsorption on activated alumina and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection. Anal. Chem. 64(24), 3101-3108.
    • (1992) Anal. Chem. , vol.64 , Issue.24 , pp. 3101-3108
    • Sperling, M.1    Xu, S.2    Welz, B.3
  • 153
    • 0036284246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micelle-mediated extraction as a tool for separation and preconcentration in metal analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-9936(02)00502-2, PII S0165993602005022
    • Stalikas, C.D. (2002). Micelle-mediated extraction as a tool for separation and preconcentration in metal analysis. Trends Anal. Chem. 21, 343-355. (Pubitemid 34628697)
    • (2002) TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 343-355
    • Stalikas, C.D.1
  • 154
    • 0037433064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium in wastewater and sludge by extraction with liquid anion exchanger Amberlite LA-2 and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01434-4, PII S0003267002014344
    • Stasinakis, A.S., Thomaidis, N.S., and Lekkas, T.D. (2003). Speciation of chromium in wastewater and sludge by extraction with liquid anion exchanger Amberlite LA-2 and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 478, 119-127. (Pubitemid 36071526)
    • (2003) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.478 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-127
    • Stasinakis, A.S.1    Thomaidis, N.S.2    Lekkas, T.D.3
  • 155
    • 33646948580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafast concentration and speciation of chromium(III) and (VI
    • Steiner, S.A., Porter, M.D., and Fritz, J.S. (2006). Ultrafast concentration and speciation of chromium(III) and (VI). J. Chromatogr. A 1118, 62-67.
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1118 , pp. 62-67
    • Steiner, S.A.1    Porter, M.D.2    Fritz, J.S.3
  • 156
    • 0023717923 scopus 로고
    • Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate-methyl isobutyl ketone-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Subramanium, K.S. (1988). Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate-methyl isobutyl ketone-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 60, 11-15.
    • (1988) Anal. Chem. , vol.60 , pp. 11-15
    • Subramanium, K.S.1
  • 157
    • 46149121746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Cr(III) and total chromium in water samples by cloud point extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Sun, Z., and Liang, P. (2008). Determination of Cr(III) and total chromium in water samples by cloud point extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim. Acta 162, 121-125.
    • (2008) Microchim. Acta , vol.162 , pp. 121-125
    • Sun, Z.1    Liang, P.2
  • 158
    • 3142565154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation analysis of chromium in waters
    • Swietlik, R. (1998). Speciation analysis of chromium in waters. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 7, 257-266. (Pubitemid 128544808)
    • (1998) Polish Journal of Environmental Studies , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 257-266
    • Swietlik, R.1
  • 159
    • 1842635410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud point extraction for high-performance liquid chromatographic speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.065, PII S0021967304003255
    • Tang, A.-N., Jiang, D.-Q., Jiang, Y., Wang, S.-W., Yan, X.-P. (2004). Cloud point extraction for high-performance liquid chromatographic speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions. J. Chromatogr. A 1036, 183-188. (Pubitemid 38479704)
    • (2004) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.1036 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-188
    • Tang, A.-N.1    Jiang, D.-Q.2    Jiang, Y.3    Wang, S.-W.4    Yan, X.-P.5
  • 160
    • 0030800488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micelle-mediated extraction
    • DOI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00345-2, PII S0021967397003452
    • Tani, H., Kamidate, T., and Watanabe, H. (1997). Micelle-mediated extraction. J. Chromatogr. A 780, 229-241. (Pubitemid 27395729)
    • (1997) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.780 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 229-241
    • Tani, H.1    Kamidate, T.2    Watanabe, H.3
  • 161
    • 3042656416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation by surfactant assisted solid-phase extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection
    • Tehrani, M.S., Ebrahimi, A.A., and Rastegar, F. (2004). Chromium speciation by surfactant assisted solid-phase extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection. Ann. Chim. 94, 429-435. (Pubitemid 38834549)
    • (2004) Annali di Chimica , vol.94 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 429-435
    • Saber Tehrani, M.1    Afshar Ebrahimi, A.2    Rastegar, F.3
  • 162
    • 33646154638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow injection direct spectrophotometric assay for the speciation of trace chromium(III) and chromium(VI) using chromotropic acid as chromogenic reagent
    • Themelis, D.G., Kika, F.S., and Economou, A. (2006). Flow injection direct spectrophotometric assay for the speciation of trace chromium(III) and chromium(VI) using chromotropic acid as chromogenic reagent. Talanta 69, 615-620.
    • (2006) Talanta , vol.69 , pp. 615-620
    • Themelis, D.G.1    Kika, F.S.2    Economou, A.3
  • 163
    • 0030356861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation studies by capillary electrophoresis-Simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)
    • Timerbaev, A.R., Semanova, O.P., Buchberger, W., and Bonn, G.K. (1996). Speciation studies by capillary electrophoresis-Simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI). Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 354, 414-419.
    • (1996) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. , vol.354 , pp. 414-419
    • Timerbaev, A.R.1    Semanova, O.P.2    Buchberger, W.3    Bonn, G.K.4
  • 164
    • 0001583233 scopus 로고
    • Determination of soluble chromium in simulated PWR coolant by differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry
    • Torrance, K., and Gatford, C. (1987). Determination of soluble chromium in simulated PWR coolant by differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Talanta 34, 939-944.
    • (1987) Talanta , vol.34 , pp. 939-944
    • Torrance, K.1    Gatford, C.2
  • 165
    • 0034001596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generalized H-point standard-additions method to determine analytes present in two different chemical forms in unknown matrix samples: Part II. Cr(VI) determination in water samples by absorption spectrophotometry
    • DOI 10.1039/a909643d
    • Tortajada-Genaro, L.A., Campns-Falco, P., Blasco-Gomez, F., and Bosch-Reig, F. (2000). The generalized H-point standard-additions method to determine analytes present in two different chemical forms in unknown matrix samples. Part II. Cr(VI) determination in water samples by absorption spectrophotometry. Analyst 125, 777-782. (Pubitemid 30223675)
    • (2000) Analyst , vol.125 , Issue.4 , pp. 777-782
    • Tortajada-Genaro, L.A.1    Campins-Falco, P.2    Blasco-Gomez, F.3    Bosch-Reig, F.4
  • 166
    • 0000258558 scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium by ion-pair chromatography with postcolumn spectrophotometric detection
    • Trojanowicz, M., Pobozy, E., and Worsfold, E.J. (1992). Speciation of chromium by ion-pair chromatography with postcolumn spectrophotometric detection. Anal. Lett. 25, 1373-1387.
    • (1992) Anal. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 1373-1387
    • Trojanowicz, M.1    Pobozy, E.2    Worsfold, E.J.3
  • 167
    • 0037135645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water after preconcentration of its 1,5-diphenylcarbazone complex on amberlite XAD-16 resin and determination by FAAS
    • Tunceli, A., and Turker, A.R. (2002). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water after preconcentration of its 1,5-diphenylcarbazone complex on amberlite XAD-16 resin and determination by FAAS. Talanta 57, 1199-1204.
    • (2002) Talanta , vol.57 , pp. 1199-1204
    • Tunceli, A.1    Turker, A.R.2
  • 168
    • 33644521270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation in environmental samples by solid phase extraction on Chromosorb 108
    • Tuzen, M., and Soylak, M. (2006). Chromium speciation in environmental samples by solid phase extraction on Chromosorb 108. J. Hazard. Mater. 129, 266-273.
    • (2006) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.129 , pp. 266-273
    • Tuzen, M.1    Soylak, M.2
  • 169
    • 34447618944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiwalled carbon nanotubes for speciation of chromium in environmental samples
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.069, PII S0304389407000131
    • Tuzen, M., and Soylak, M. (2007). Multiwalled carbon nanotubes for speciation of chromium in environmental samples. J. Hazard. Mater. 147, 219-225. (Pubitemid 47088806)
    • (2007) Journal of Hazardous Materials , vol.147 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 219-225
    • Tuzen, M.1    Soylak, M.2
  • 170
    • 0347860607 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Drinking Water
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987). Health advisory-chromium. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking Water.
    • (1987) Health Advisory-chromium
  • 171
    • 84856927699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1998a). Chromium III. Integrated risk information system. Retrieved from http//www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm
    • (1998) Chromium III. Integrated Risk Information System
  • 172
    • 84856927699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1998b). Chromium III. Integrated risk information system Retrieved from http//www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm
    • (1998) Chromium III. Integrated Risk Information System
  • 173
    • 37349083710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2000). Chromium compound, hazard summary. Retrieved from http//www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html
    • (2000) Chromium Compound, Hazard Summary
  • 174
    • 0039835936 scopus 로고
    • The separation of geometrical isomers and mixed ligand forms of cobalt(III) and chromium(III) β-diketonates by high-pressure liquid chromatography
    • Uden, P.C., Bigley, I.E., and Walters, F.H. (1978). The separation of geometrical isomers and mixed ligand forms of cobalt(III) and chromium(III) β-diketonates by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. Acta 100, 555-561.
    • (1978) Anal. Chem. Acta , vol.100 , pp. 555-561
    • Uden, P.C.1    Bigley, I.E.2    Walters, F.H.3
  • 175
    • 0031485250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI) by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Coprecipitation with Hafnium Hydroxide
    • Ueda, J., Satoh, H., and Kagaya, S. (1997). Determination of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation with hafnium hydroxide. Anal. Sci. 13, 613-617. (Pubitemid 127481263)
    • (1997) Analytical Sciences , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 613-617
    • Ueda, J.1    Satoh, H.2    Kagaya, S.3
  • 176
    • 0343182686 scopus 로고
    • G.W. Ewing (Ed.) New York, NY: Academic Press
    • Van Loon, J.C., and Adzink, B. (1977). In G.W. Ewing (Ed.), Environmental analysis (pp. 47-56). New York, NY: Academic Press.
    • (1977) Environmental Analysis , pp. 47-56
    • Van Loon, J.C.1    Adzink, B.2
  • 177
    • 77956025836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spaciation of chromium in aqueous samples by solid phase extraction using multiwall carbon nanotubes impregnated with D2EHPA
    • Vellaichamy, S., and Palanivelu, K. (2010). Spaciation of chromium in aqueous samples by solid phase extraction using multiwall carbon nanotubes impregnated with D2EHPA. Indian J. Chem. 49, 882-890.
    • (2010) Indian J. Chem. , vol.49 , pp. 882-890
    • Vellaichamy, S.1    Palanivelu, K.2
  • 178
    • 0342313118 scopus 로고
    • A microprocessor controlled liquid chromatograph/atomic absorption sampling system
    • Vickrey, T.M., and Eue, W. (1979). A microprocessor controlled liquid chromatograph/atomic absorption sampling system. J. Autom. Chem. 1, 198-202.
    • (1979) J. Autom. Chem. , vol.1 , pp. 198-202
    • Vickrey, T.M.1    Eue, W.2
  • 179
    • 0348110468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention of Cr(III) by high-performance chelation ion chromatography interfaced to inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection with collision cell
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.070
    • Vonderheide, A.P., Meija, J., Tepperman, K., Puga, A., Pinhas, A.R., States, J.C., and Caruso, J.A. (2004). Retention of Cr(III) by high-performance chelation ion chromatography interfaced to inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection with collision cell. J. Chromatogr. A 1024, 129-137. (Pubitemid 37540401)
    • (2004) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.1024 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 129-137
    • Vonderheide, A.P.1    Meija, J.2    Tepperman, K.3    Puga, A.4    Pinhas, A.R.5    States, J.C.6    Caruso, J.A.7
  • 180
    • 84856822697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium: Not just fancy trim
    • September 17
    • Vulcan, T. (2008, September 17). Chromium: Not just fancy trim. Hard Assets Investor. Retrieved from http://www.hardassetsinvestor.com/interviews/ 1183-chromium-not-just-fancy-trim.html
    • (2008) Hard Assets Investor
    • Vulcan, T.1
  • 181
    • 0030273609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation in tannery effluent - I. An assessment of techniques and the role of organic Cr(III) complexes
    • DOI 10.1016/0043-1354(96)00173-X, PII S004313549600173X
    • Walsh, A.R., and O'Halloran, J. (1996a). Chromium speciation in tannery effluent-I. An assessment of techniques and the role of organic Cr(III) complexes. Water Res. 30, 2393-2400. (Pubitemid 26385850)
    • (1996) Water Research , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 2393-2400
    • Walsh, A.R.1    O'Halloran, J.2
  • 182
    • 0030273375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation in tannery effluent - II. Speciation in the effluent and in a receiving estuary
    • DOI 10.1016/0043-1354(96)00174-1, PII S0043135496001741
    • Walsh, A.R., and O'Halloran, J. (1996b). Chromium speciation in tannery effluent-II. Speciation in the effluent and in a receiving estuary. Water Res. 30, 2401-2412. (Pubitemid 26385851)
    • (1996) Water Research , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 2401-2412
    • Walsh, A.R.1    O'Halloran, J.2
  • 183
    • 0036592245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VI in aqueous samples by coprecipitation/slurry sampling fluorination assisted graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1080/03067310290007813
    • Wang, L., Hu, B., Jiang, Z.C., and Li, Z.Q. (2002). Speciation of Cr-III and Cr-VI in aqueous samples by coprecipitation/slurry sampling fluorination assisted graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Int. J. Environ. An. Ch. 82, 387-393. (Pubitemid 35241372)
    • (2002) International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , vol.82 , Issue.6 , pp. 387-393
    • Wang, L.1    Hu, B.2    Jiang, Z.3    Li, Z.4
  • 185
    • 0003402821 scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. (1988). Chromium (environmental health criteria no. 61). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
    • (1988) Chromium (Environmental Health Criteria No. 61
  • 186
    • 10644223216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (3rd ed.). Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. (2008). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (3rd ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
    • (2008) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
  • 187
    • 0027447528 scopus 로고
    • Speciation of aluminum using capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80373-G
    • Wu, N., Horvath, W.J., Sun, P., and Huie, C.W. (1993). Speciation of aluminum using capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. J Chromatogr. A 635, 307-312. (Pubitemid 23116398)
    • (1993) Journal of Chromatography , vol.635 , Issue.2 , pp. 307-312
    • Wu, N.1    Horvath, W.J.2    Sun, P.3    Huie, C.W.4
  • 188
    • 34547583270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium in water using crosslinked chitosan-bound FeC nanoparticles as solid-phase extractant, and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Wu, Y., Jiang, Y., Han, D., Wang, F., and Zhu, J. (2007). Speciation of chromium in water using crosslinked chitosan-bound FeC nanoparticles as solid-phase extractant, and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim. Acta 159, 333-339.
    • (2007) Microchim. Acta , vol.159 , pp. 333-339
    • Wu, Y.1    Jiang, Y.2    Han, D.3    Wang, F.4    Zhu, J.5
  • 189
    • 84856857662 scopus 로고
    • Investigation on the natural background values and states of elements in natural water from the upper reaches of the Nenjiang river
    • Xingzhen, Q., and Xiuxia, L. (1987). Investigation on the natural background values and states of elements in natural water from the upper reaches of the Nenjiang river. Kexue tongbao 32, 983-987.
    • (1987) Kexue Tongbao , vol.32 , pp. 983-987
    • Xingzhen, Q.1    Xiuxia, L.2
  • 190
    • 33747622058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium speciation analysis by separation of Cr(III) from Cr(VI) on a XAD sorbent derivatized with shellac: A natural polymer
    • DOI 10.1080/03067310600739707, PII J21H2011T7L21NH6
    • Yalcin, S., and Apak, R. (2006). Chromium speciation analysis by separation of Cr(III) from Cr(VI) on a XAD sorbent derivatized with shellac: A natural polymer. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 86, 915-929. (Pubitemid 44266760)
    • (2006) International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , vol.86 , Issue.12 , pp. 915-929
    • Yalcin, S.1    Apak, R.2
  • 191
    • 0142188757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of chromium by in-capillary reaction and capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection
    • DOI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00940-3
    • Yang, W.-P., Zhang, Z.-J., and Deng, W. (2003). Speciation of chromium by incapillary reaction and capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1014, 203-214. (Pubitemid 37311172)
    • (2003) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.1014 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 203-214
    • Yang, W.-P.1    Zhang, Z.-J.2    Deng, W.3
  • 192
    • 0003471323 scopus 로고
    • Wet strength paper production by urea melamine formaldehyde copolycondensates, studies on the wet strength paper
    • Yoshino, I., and Senda, S. (1951). Wet strength paper production by urea melamine formaldehyde copolycondensates, studies on the wet strength paper. J. Japan Tech. Assoc. Pulp Paper Ind. 5, 563.
    • (1951) J. Japan Tech. Assoc. Pulp Paper Ind. , vol.5 , pp. 563
    • Yoshino, I.1    Senda, S.2
  • 193
    • 34547634360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in surface waters with a Chelex-100 resin column and their quantitative determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis
    • DOI 10.1007/s10967-007-0904-8
    • Yusof, A.M., Chia, C.H., and Wood, A.K.H. (2007). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in surface waters with a Chelex-100 resin column and their quantitative determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 273, 533-538. (Pubitemid 47205865)
    • (2007) Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , vol.273 , Issue.3 , pp. 533-538
    • Yusof, A.M.1    Chia, C.H.2    Wood, A.K.H.3
  • 194
    • 0032811636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermospray methods for rapid, sensitive, and nonchromatographic speciation of chromium oxidation states
    • DOI 10.1021/ac9813585
    • Zhang, X., and Koropchak, J.A. (1999). Thermospray methods for rapid, sensitive, and nonchromatographic speciation of chromium oxidation states. Anal. Chem. 71, 3046-3053. (Pubitemid 29372717)
    • (1999) Analytical Chemistry , vol.71 , Issue.15 , pp. 3046-3053
    • Zhang, X.1    Koropchak, J.A.2
  • 195
    • 0141497719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromotropic Acid as a Reagent for Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Water
    • Zhao, Z., Gao, R., Li, J., Liu, S., and Liu, H. (1998). Chromotropic acid as a reagent for ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of hexavalent chromium in water. Microchem. J. 58, 1-5. (Pubitemid 128423370)
    • (1998) Microchemical Journal , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Zhao, Z.1    Gao, R.2    Li, J.3    Liu, S.4    Liu, H.5
  • 196
    • 8644249887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud point extraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of chromium species and their distribution in cigarette and cigarette ash
    • DOI 10.1080/03067310410001730628
    • Zhu, X.S., Hu, B., and Jiang, Z.C. (2004). Cloud point extraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of chromium species and their distribution in cigarette and cigarette ash. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 84, 927-934. (Pubitemid 39501130)
    • (2004) International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , vol.84 , Issue.12 , pp. 927-934
    • Zhu, X.1    Hu, B.2    Jiang, Z.3
  • 197
    • 13544268559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud point extraction for speciation of chromium in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.006, PII S004313540400524X
    • Zhu, X.S., Hu, B., Jiang, Z.C., and Li, M.F. (2005). Cloud point extraction for speciation of chromium in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Water Res. 39, 589-595. (Pubitemid 40221880)
    • (2005) Water Research , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 589-595
    • Zhu, X.1    Hu, B.2    Jiang, Z.3    Li, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.