Kosovo: A case of 'coercive diplomacy'

Helsinki Monitor

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 8-18

  Leurdijk, Dick A ^a  

^a Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856813998     PISSN: 09250972     EISSN: 1571814X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157181499X00023     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Dick A. Leurdijk, UN expert, is a senior researcher, lecturer and political commentator at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael' in The Hague, The Netherlands.
2. Dick A. Leurdijk: 'The United Nations and NATO in Former Yugoslavia, 1991-1996; Limits fo Diplomacy and Force'; Netherlands Atlantic Commission and Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael', The Hague, 1997.
3. Atlantic News, No. 2994, 6 March 1998.
4. International Herald Tribune, 28 April 1998.
5. Atlantic News, No. 3016, 5 June 1998.
6. The German Foreign Secretary, Klaus Kinkel, contended that there should be 'an explicit and unassailable legal basis' for military action by NATO, while his French counterpart,Hubert Vedrine, said: 'If NATO breaks that rule today, others will do the same tomorrow.' International Herald Tribune, 18 June 1998.
7. In an interview on British television, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan warned against NATO intervening without a UN mandate, and answered 'absolutely' when asked whether such conduct would not be 'a licence for military anarchy' in the world. Atlantic News, No. 3024, 1 July 1998.
8. Atlantic News, No. 3038, 11 September 1998.
9. Atlantic News, No. 3049, 14 October 1998.
10. Atlantic News, No. 3053, 28 October 1998.
11. Document S/1998/953, annex; 14 October 1998.
12. Document S/1998/953, 14 October 1998, containing 'information on the endorsement by the Government of the Yugoslav Republic of Serbia' of the accord reached by President Milosevic and us Special Envoy Richard Holbrooke.
13. 'Agreement on the OSCE Kosovo Verification Mission', signed, on 17 October 1998, by the OSCE's Chairman-in-Office and the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the FRY
14. and 'The Kosovo Verification Mission Agreement between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia', signed on 15 October 1998.
15. OSCE Newsletter, October 1998, Vol. 5 no. 10.
16. International Herald Tribune, 16 October 1998 The outgoing German Foreign Minister, Klaus Kinkel, noted that the mission went much further than everything the pan-European organization had achieved so far. His Polish counterpart, in his capacity as OSCE Chairman- in-Office reacted by saying: 'Now, for the first time, this institution will be grappling with a real crisis that requires not just diplomacy but action on the ground. As I see it, this is an historic opportunity for the OSCE.' On another occasion, he described the operation as both a 'tremendous challenge and a tremendous opportunity' for the organization.
17. Final Communique Ministerial Meeting of the North Atlantic Council, held at NATO Headquarters, Brussels, 8th December 1998
18. Atlantic News, No. 3066, 11 December 1998.
19. On 4 December 1998, the North Atlantic Council issued the 'Activation Order' for the 'Extraction Force', with its headquarters in Kumanovo, Macedonia, close to the border with Kosovo. Atlantic News, No. 3064, 8 December 1998.
20. Security Council, Document S/PV.3937, 24 October 1998.
21. Provisional Records Security Council, 3937th Meeting, 24 October 1998. S/PV.3937.
22. International Herald Tribune, 11 December 1998.
23. Contact Group Conclusions, London, 29 January 1999. Document of the Office of the High Representative
24. Atlantic News, No. 3078, 3 February 1999.
25. At NATO Headquarters, it was recognized that the Alliance was not in a position to exert the same military pressure on both Belgrade and the Kosovar Albanians. At the same time, it was stressed that NATO had detailed information about the UCK's arms-smuggling activities and the money it receives.(NRC Handelsblad, 30 January 1999). In a separate paragraph, NATO's statement of 30 January said that it was already studying 'how to support measures to curb arms smuggling into Kosovo'.
26. Press Release: 'Statement from the meeting of the Federal Government of F.R. Yugoslavia', Belgrade, 1 February 1999.