Contributions to the chronology of the New Kingdom and the third intermediate period

Agypten und Levante

Volumn 20, Issue , 2010, Pages 373-404

  Schneider, Thomas ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84856733620     PISSN: 10155104     EISSN: 18135145     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1553/AEundL20s373     Document Type: Article

References (192)

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2. K. JANSEN-WINKELN, Dynasty 21, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. WARBURTON (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology (HdO 1, 83), Leiden, Boston 2006, 218-233,;
3. K. A. KITCHEN, The Strengths and Weaknesses of Egyptian Chronology - A Reconsideration, E&L 16(2006), 293-308
4. and ID., The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt: An Overview of Fact & Fiction, LPIE, 161-202.
5. J. VON BECKERATH, Über das Verhältnis der 23. zur 22. Dynastie, in: N. KLOTH, K. MARTIN, E. PARDEY (eds.), Es werde niedergelegt als Schriftstück. Festschrift für Hartwig Altenmüller zum 65. Geburtstag, SAK Beiheft 9, Hamburg 2003, 31-36;
6. th Dynasty, E&L 16(2006), 245-255;
7. D. A. ASTON, Takeloth II, a King of the Herakleopolitan/Theban Twenty-Third Dynasty Revisited: The Chronology of Dynasties 22 and 23, LPIE, 1-28.
8. K. A. KITCHEN, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt: An Overview of Fact & Fiction, LPIE, 161-202.
9. D. A. ASTON, Takeloth II, a King of the Herakleopolitan/Theban Twenty-Third Dynasty Revisited: The Chronology of Dynasties 22 and 23, LPIE, 1-28: p. 1.
10. G. P. F. BROEKMAN, The reign of Takeloth II, a Controversial Matter, GM 205(2005), 24;
11. K. JANSEN-WINKELN, The Chronology of the Third Intermediate Period: Dyns. 22-24, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. WARBURTON (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology, HdO 1, 83, Leiden, Boston 2006, 237;
12. E. LANGE, Ein neuer König Schoschenk in Bubastis, GM 203(2004), 65-72.
13. K. JANSEN-WINKELN, The Chronology of the Third Intermediate Period: Dyns. 22-24, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. WARBURTON (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology, HdO 1, 83, Leiden/Boston 2006, 238.
14. C. JURMAN, From the Libyan Dynasties to the Kushites in Memphis. Historical Problems and Cultural Issues, LPIE, 121.
15. Only this scenario can be alligned with the Shoshenq I/Rehabeam synchronism. However, doubts about the historicity of the Biblical narrative prevail (see V. MÜLLER, Wie gut fixiert ist die Chronologie des Neuen Reiches wirklich?, E&L 16(2006), 203-230). If, as is now widely assumed, the presentation of Israel's early history reflects a later and idealized perception, the dates given for its internal chronology cannot be taken to be historically autentic.
16. See, e.g., I. FINKELSTEIN/A. MAZAR, 163f., in: B. B. SCHMIDT (ed.), The Quest for the Historical Israel: Debating Archaeology and the History of Early Israel. Atlanta 2007.
17. G. FRAME, The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var, Orientalia 68(1999), 31-57;
18. D. KAHN, The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var and the Chronology of Dynasty 25, Orientalia 70(2001), 1-3.
19. Cf. also KITCHEN (n. 63), 162, and regarding the ensuing kingship of Tefnakht, D. KAHN, The Transition from Libyan to Nubian Rule in Egypt: Revisiting the Reign of Tefnakht, LPIE, 139-148.
20. rd Dynasty, LPIE, 93.
21. D. KAHN, Divided Kingdom, Co-Regency, or Sole Rule in the Kingdom (s) of Egypt-and-Kush? E&L 16(2006), 291.
22. Non vidi: D. BICKERSTAFFE, Refugees for Eternity, part 4: Identifying the Royal Mummies, 2009. The author is not a professional Egyptologist.
23. Cf. the salient remarks by E. HORNUNG, The New Kingdom, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. WARBURTON (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology, HdO 1, 83, Leiden, Boston 2006:197f.
24. Abbreviation used in section 2.1: REEVES VOK = C. N. REEVES, Valley of the Kings. The Decline of a Royal Necropolis, London 1996
25. IKRAM/DODSON, RM = S. IKRAM, A. DODSON, Royal Mummies in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo 1997
26. HAWASS, RM = Z. HAWASS, F. JANOT, Royal Mummies. Immortality in Ancient Egypt, Vercelli 2008
27. SMITH, RM = E. SMITH, Royal Mummies (Catalogue Général), Le Caire 1912
28. XARM = J. E. HARRIS, E. F. WENTE, An X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies, Chicago 1980
29. HARRIS/WEEKS, X-Raying = J. E. HARRIS, K. WEEKS, X-Raying the Pharaohs, New York 1973.
30. Table from J. E. HARRIS, F. E. HUSSIEN, The Identification of the Eighteenth Dynasty Royal Mummies: A Biological Perspective, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 1(1991), 238 (table 3).
31. cankhamun. research and excavation in the royal necropolis at Thebes, London 1992, 2-20.
32. EF. WENTE, Who Was Who Among the Royal Mummies, The Oriental Institute News and Notes 144, Winter 1995.
33. Cf. also L. GABOLDE, Des momies royales en quête d'identité, Egypte, Afrique et Orient 38(2005), 67-80.
34. C. N. REEVES, VoK, 1996, 225, 227.
35. E. M. BRAUNSTEIN, S. J. WHITE, W. RUSSELL, J. E. HARRIS, Paleoradiologic Evaluation of the Egyptian Royal Mummies, Skeletal Radiology 17/5(1988), 348-352 claim to have examined 12 hitherto unexamined royal mummies in the Cairo Museum, but fail to give CG (or other museum) numbers and photographs, thereby preventing any identification of the bodies.
36. E. F. WENTE, Who Was Who Among the Royal Mummies, in: The Oriental Institute News and Notes 144, Winter 1995;
37. cf. A. C. AUFDERHEIDE, The scientific study of mummies, Cambridge, 2003, 231.
38. SMITH, RM, 17.
39. REEVES, VoK, 253.
40. http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/hatshepsut/;
41. http://www.chnpress.com/news/?section=2&id =7226.
42. Z. HAWASS, F. JANOT, The Royal Mummies. Immortality in Ancient Egypt, Vercelli 2008, 105.
43. Z. HAWASS, The scientific search for Hatshepsut's mummy, KMT 18(3) (2007), 20-25.
44. REEVES, VoK, table 7/3, p. 214 vs. p. 24.
45. P. F. D ORMAN, The Early Reign of Thutmose III: An Unorthodox Mantle of Coregency, in: E. H. CLINE, D. O'CONNOR (eds.), Thutmose III. A New Biography, Ann Arbor 2006, 57, 60 n. 14.
46. P. P IACENTINI, C. ORSENIGO, La Valle dei Re Riscoperta. I giornali di scavo di Victor Loret (1898-1899) e altri inediti, Milano 2004.
47. J. HARRIS, The Mummy of Amenhotep III? SSEA Newsletter Fall 2008, 3.
48. Cf. ID., The Mummy of Amenhotep III, in: E. TEETER, E. F. WENTE, (eds.), Gold of Praise; Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honor of E. F. Wente, SAOC 58, Chicago 1999, 163-174.
49. J. P. ALLEN, The Amarna Succession, in: P. J. BRAND, L. COOPER (eds.), Causing His Name to Live. Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of W. J. Murnane, Leiden, Boston 2009, 19.
50. E. STROUHAL, Paleopathology Newsletter 102, June 1998, 4.
51. J. M. FILER, The KV 55 Body: the Facts, EA 17(2000), 13-14;
52. EAD., Anatomy of a Mummy, Archaeology 55/2(2002), 26-29;
53. R. GERMER, in: A. GRIMM, S. SCHOSKE, Das Geheimnis des goldenen Sarges. Echnaton und das Ende der Amarnazeit, München 2001, 58-61;
54. cf. the distinct statement by W. J. MURNANE, OLZ 96(2001), 22. Also J. P. ALLEN (see n. 48) and A. DODSON (see n. 102).
55. Cf. J. HARRIS, The Mummy of Amenhotep III? Newsletter of the SSEA, Fall 2008, 1: in his thirties.
56. N. C. REEVES, Akhenaten. Egypt's False Prophet, London 2001.
57. M. GABOLDE, D'Akhenaton à Toutânkhamon, Lyon 1998, 264.
58. the%20Mummy%20from%20KV55.htm
59. R. G. HARRISON, A. B. ABDALLA, The remains of Tutankhamun, Antiquity 46/181(1972), 8-14;
60. most recently Z. HAWASS et al., Computed tomographic evaluation of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, ASAE, 81(2009), 159-174.
61. Cf. also specific medical reports on the mummy: R. S. BOYER, E. A. RODIN, T. C. GREY, R. C CONNOLLY, The Skull and Cervical Spine Radiographs of Tutankhamen: A Critical Appraisal, American Journal of Neuroradiology, 24(2003), 1142-1147;
62. W. BENSON HARER, Chariots, Horses, or Hippos: What Killed Tutankhamun? Minerva 18/5(2007), 8-10;
63. D. C. FORBES, Tutankhamen's Mummy, KMT, 3/1, 58-6;
64. Z. HAWASS et al., Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family, Journal of the American Medical Association 303(7) (2010), 638-647.
65. N. C. REEVES, VoK, 78.
66. E. STROUHAL, The Memphite Tomb of Horemheb, Commander-in-chief of Tutankhamun, 4: Human Skeletal Remains, EES Excavation Memoir 87, London 2008, 1f.
67. G. GIBSON, Names Matter: The Unfinished History of the Niagara Falls Mummies, KMT 11/4(2001), 18-29;
68. B. T. TROPE, P. LACOVARA, A Pharaoh in Atlanta? The Michael C. Carlos Museum's Royal Mummy is Probably Rameses, KMT 14/2(2003), 45-51;
69. M. ROSE, Mystery Mummy. A royal body may be that of Rameses I, but can we ever be sure? Archaeology 56:2, March/April 2003, 18;
70. P. LACOVARA, Returning Ramesses: An Egyptian Patriarch Goes Home, http://www.emory.edu/ACAD-EXCHANGE/2003/decjan/ramesses.html.
71. L. BALOUT, C. ROUBET C. DESROCHES-NOBLECOURT, La momie de Ramsès II. Recherche sur les Civilisations, Paris 1985;
72. e dynastie (http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/sfhad/vol7/article02.htm);
73. E. FELDTKELLER, E.-M. LEMMEL, A. S. RUSSELL, Ankylosing spondylitis in the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, Rheumatology International 23(2003), 1-5.
74. REEVES, VoK, 111, 204, 210.
75. st Century. Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptology Cairo 2000, vol. 2: History - Religion, Cairo 2003, 189f. The famous "Elder Lady" could, in this context, be queen Tia, wife of Amenophis II and mother of Thutmose IV (http://aegyptologie.unibas.ch/ forschung/projekte/misr-mission-siptah-ramses-x/koenigin-tiaa/).
76. And equally, from R. B. PARTRIDGE, Faces of pharaohs: royal mummies and coffins from Ancient Thebes, London 1994.
77. T. S CHNEIDER, Ramses X.: Person und Geschichte, in: H. JENNI (ed.), Das Grab Ramses' X, Aegyptiaca Helvetica 16, Basel 2000, 104-108.
78. V. M ÜLLER, Wie gut fixiert ist die Chronologie des Neuen Reiches wirklich?, E&L 16(2006), 215;
79. J. VON BECKERATH, Nochmals zur Regierung Tuthmosis' II., SAK 17(1990), 65-74.
80. R. KRAUSS, D. A. WARBURTON, The Basis for the Egyptian Dates, in: D. A. WARBURTON (ed.), Time's Up! Dating the Minoan Eruption of Santorini, Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 10, Athens 2009, 129.
81. P. F. D ORMAN, The Early Reign of Thutmose III: An Unorthodox Mantle of Coregency, in: E. H. CLINE, D. O'CONNOR (eds.), Thutmose III. A New Biography, Ann Arbor 2006, 60 n. 12.
82. For the past debate, see the references given in n. 78 and L. GABOLDE, La chronologie du règne de Thoutmosis II, ses conséquences sur la datation des momies royales et leurs répercussions sur l'histoire du développement de la Vallée des Rois, in: S. SCHOSKE (ed.), Akten des vierten internationalen Ägyptologen Kongresses, München 1985. Band 4: Geschichte - Verwaltungsund Wirtschaftsgeschichte - Rechtsgeschichte - Nachbarkulturen, SAK Beihefte 4, Hamburg 1991, 55-61.
83. E. F. WENTE, Who Was Who Among the Royal Mummies, The Oriental Institute News and Notes 144, Winter 1995.
84. E. HORNUNG, E. STAEHELIN, Neue Studien zum Sedfest, Aegyptiaca Helvetica 20, Basel 2006, 36f. (and p. 23 for the actual records).
85. J. VON Beckerath's contribution is: Zum Jubiläum der Hatschepsut, in: J. AKSAMIT et al. (eds.), Essays in Honour of Prof. Dr. Jadwiga Lipińska, Warsaw Egyptological Studies 1, Warsaw 1997, 15-20.
86. P. F. D ORMAN, The Early Reign of Thutmose III: An Unorthodox Mantle of Coregency, in: E. H. CLINE, D. O'CONNOR (eds.), Thutmose III. A New Biography, Ann Arbor 2006, 60 n. 17 (and cf. n. 7.12-14 for the issue of the reign length of Thutmose II).
87. For the debate on KV20, see e.g., J. ROMER, Royal Tombs of the Early Eighteenth Dynasty, MDAIK 32(1976), 191-206;
88. A. M. DODSON, The Tombs of the Kings of the Early Eighteenth Dynasty at Thebes, ZÄS 115(1988), 110-123, II
89. P. der MANUELIAN and C. E. LOEBEN, New Light on the Recarved Sarcophagus of Hatshepsut and Thutmose I in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, JEA 79(1993), 121-155;
90. L. GABOLDE, Les tombes d'Hatchepsout, Égypte, Afrique et Orient 17(2000), 51-56.
91. C. ROEHRIG, The Building Activities of Thutmose III in the Valley of the Kings, in: E. C. CLINE, D. O'CONNOR (eds.), Thutmose III: A New Biography, Ann Arbor 2006, 238-259;
92. EAD., Chamber Ja in Royal Tombs in the Valley of the Kings,, in: P. F. DORMAN, B. M. BRIAN (eds.), Sacred Space and Sacred Function in Ancient Thebes, SAOC 61, Chicago 2007, 117-138.
93. Z. WYSOCKI, The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari: Its Original Form, MDAIK 42(1986), 213-228.
94. L. GABOLDE, La "cour de fetes" de Thoutmosis II à Karnak, Cahiers de Karnak 9(1993), 1-100;
95. L. GABOLDE, Monuments décorés en bas relief aux noms de Thoutmosis II et Hatshepsout à Karnak, MIFAO 123, le Caire 2005.
96. F. LARCHÉ, Nouvelles observations sur les monuments du Moyen et du Nouvel Empire dans la zone centrale du temple d'Amon, Cahiers de Karnak 12(2007), 407-592.
97. e pylône, Cahiers de Karnak 8 (1982-1985), 143-158.
98. L. GABOLDE, Monuments décorés en bas relief aux noms de Thoutmosis II et Hatchepsout à Karnak, MIFAO 123, le Caire 2005.
99. R. CAMINOS, Semna-Kumma II, 20-25, pls. 20-23;
100. W. V. DAVIES, Tombos and the Viceroy Inebny/Amenemnekhu, British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and the Sudan 10(2008), 45f.
101. R. CAMINOS, Buhen II, 4f.;
102. H. S. SMITH, The Fortress of Buhen. The Inscriptions, EES Excavation Memoirs 48, London 1976, 210;
103. PEDEN, The Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt. Scope and Role of Informal Writings (c. 3100-332 BC), Leiden, Boston, Köln 2001, 89.
104. G. DREYER, Eine Statue Thutmosis' II. aus Elephantine, SAK 11(1984), 489-499.
105. D. LORTON, The Aswan/Philae Inscription of Thutmosis II, in: S. ISRAELIT-GROLL (ed.), Studies in Egyptology Presented to Miriam Lichtheim, vol. 2, Jerusalem 1990, 668-679;
106. er juin 2002, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, Orientalia Monspeliensia 14, Montpellier 2004, 129-148.
107. A. CABROL, Les voies processionelles de Thèbes, Leuven 2001, 559f.;
108. L. GABOLDE, Les Temples "Mémoriaux" de Thoutmosis II et Toutânkhamon: (Un rituel destiné à des statues sur barques), avec la collaboration de M. Gabolde, BIFAO 89(1989), 127-178.
109. c Akhet in Western Thebes, MDAIK 37(1981), 29-33.
110. th of May - 1st of June 2003, CChEM 9, Wien 2007, 168 (28 Jahre).
111. J. VON BECKERATH, Das Problem der Regierungsdauer Haremhabs, SAK 22(1996), 37-41;
112. ID., Chronologie des ägyptischen Neuen Reiches, Hildesheim 1994
113. ID., Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr., MÄS 46, Mainz 1997.
114. J. VAN DIJK, New evidence on the length of the reign of Horemheb (abstract), JARCE 44(2008), 193-200.
115. For this graffito s. A. PEDEN, The Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt. Scope and Role of Informal Writings (c. 3100-332 BC), Leiden, Boston, Köln 2001, 74f.;
116. Explained as a secondary graffito by PEDEN (op. cit.) and also J. RAY, Reflections of Osiris. Lives from Ancient Egypt, New York 2002, 75.
117. J. R. Harris saw it as pertaining to a visit by Ramesses II to Horemheb's funerary temple: J. R. HARRIS, How Long Was the Reign of Horemheb? JEA 54(1968), 96.
118. R. KRAUSS, Nur ein kurioser Irrtum oder ein Beleg für die Jahre 26 und 27 des Haremhab? DE 30(1994), 73-85.
119. J. VAN DIJK, Maya's Chief Sculptor Userhat-Hatiay: with a Note on the Length of the Reign of Horemheb, GM 148(1995), 29-34. Von Dijk does not include this date in his recent study (n. 97).
120. G. T. MARTIN, The Memphite Tomb of Horemheb, Commander-in-chief of Tutankhamun, 162 (mistake for 28 oder 29);
121. W. HELCK, Zur Chronologiediskussion über das Neue Reich, E&L 3(1992) [= High, Middle or Low? Acts of the Second International Colloquium on Absolute Chronology (The Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean), Schloß Haindorf/Langenlois 12.-15. August 1990], 63-67;
122. ID., Discussing the chronology of the New Kingdom, JACF 7(1995), 79-84;
123. A. H. GARDINER, A Later Allusion to Akhenaten, JEA 24(1938), 124.
124. The following passage replicates a section of T. Schneider, Conjectures about Amenmesse: Historical, Biographical, Chronological, in: Ramesside Studies, Festschrift K. A. Kitchen, Bolton, which has been forthcoming since 2006.
125. A. DODSON, The Decorative Phases of the Tomb of Sethos II and their Historical Implications, JEA 85(1999), 131-42.
126. R. KRAUSS, Untersuchungen zu König Amenmesse: Nachträge, SAK 24(1997), 75 f.
127. Repeated in R. KRAUSS, Lunar Dates, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. WARBURTON (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology, HdO 1, 83, Leiden, Boston 2006, 415.
128. *; II, pl. 23; KRI IV, 315;
129. S. WIMMER, Hieratische Paläographie der nicht-literarischen Ostraka der 19. und 20. Dynastie, ÄAT 8, Wiesbaden 1995, I, 58.
130. S. SCHOTT, Altägyptische Festdaten, AAWLM, Wiesbaden 1950, 107.
131. J. J. JANSSEN, Amenmesse and After: The Chronology of the Late Nineteenth Dynasty Ostraca = chapter 6 in ID., Village Varia: Ten Studies on the History and Administration of Deir el-Medina, Leiden 1997, 104.
132. J. J. JANSSEN, VILLAGE VARIA, 100.
133. T. SCHNEIDER, Siptah und Beja. Neubeurteilung einer historischen Konstellation, ZÄS 130(2003), 133-146;
134. ID., Siptah: Person und Geschichte, in: H. JENNI (ed.), Das Grab Siptahs (KV 47) und das Grab der Königin Tiaa (KV 32). Mit Beiträgen von Andreas Dorn, Hanna Jenni, Barbara Lüscher, Elina Paulin-Grothe, Catharine Roehrig, Thomas Schneider, Aegyptiaca Helvetica, forthcoming.
135. th dynasty, cf. P. Grandet, L'exécution du chancelier Bay - O, IFAO 1864, BIFAO 100, 339-345;
136. H. ALTENMÜLLER, Tausrets Weg zum Königtum: Metamorphosen einer Königin, in: R. GUNDLACH, U. RÖSSLER-KÖHLER (eds.), Das Königtum der Ramessidenzeit. Voraussetzungen - Verwirklichung - Vermächtnis. Akten des 3. Symposiums zur Ägyptischen Königsideologie in Bonn 7.-9.6.2001, ÄAT 36, 3 (= Beiträge zur alt-ägyptischen Königsideologie 3), Wiesbaden 2003, 109-128;
137. V. G. CALLENDER, Queen Tausret and the End of Dynasty 19, SAK 32(2004), 81-104.
138. Unfortunately, the recent debate is not accounted for in S. TIMM, der Tod des Staatsfeindes: Neues zu B3j, VT 58(2008), 87-100
139. or D. KAHN, Who is Meddling in Egypt's Affairs? The Identity of the Asiatics in the Elephantine Stele of Sethnakhte and the Historicity of the Medinet Habu Asiatic War Reliefs, JAEI 2:1(2010), 14-23.
140. M. BORAIK, Stela of Bakenkhonsu, High Priest of Amun-Re, Memnonia 18(2007), 119-126.
141. For an online photography, see http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Her01. jpg.
142. AD THIJS, Two Books for One Lady: The Mother of Herihor Rediscovered, GM 163(1998), 101-110;
143. ID., Piankh's Second Nubian Campaign, GM 165(1998), 99-103;
144. ID., Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty/1: The Fisherman Pnekhtemope and the Date of BM 10054, GM 167(1998), 95-108;
145. Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty/2, GM 170(1999), 83-99;
146. Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty/3: Some Hitherto Unrecognised Documents from the whm-mswt, GM 173(1999), 175-191;
147. Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty/4: The Harshire-family as a Test for the Shorter Chronology, GM 175(2000), 99-103;
148. "Please tell Amon to bring me back from Yar": Dhutmose's visits to Nubia, GM 177(2000), 63-70;
149. ID., Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty/5: P. Ambras as an Advocate of a Shorter Chronology, GM 179(2000), 69-83;
150. ID., Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty/6: Some Minor Adjustments and Observations Concerning the Chronology of the Last Ramessides and the wehemmesut, GM 181(2001), 95-103;
151. ID., Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty/7: The History of the Viziers and the Politics of Menmare, GM 184(2001), 65-73;
152. ID., The troubled careers of Amenhotep and Panehsy: the high priest of Amun and the viceroy of Kush under the last Ramessides, SAK 31(2003), 289-306;
153. ID., Pap. Turin 2018, the journeys of the scribe Dhutmose and the career of the Chief Workman Bekenmut, GM 199(2004), 79-88;
154. ID., "My father was buried during your reign" - the burial of the high priest Ramessesnakht under Ramses XI, DE 60(2004), 87-95;
155. th dynasty, ZÄS 132(2005), 73-91;
156. ID., King or high priest? The problematic career of Pinuzem, GM 211(2006), 81-88;
157. ID., "I was thrown out from my city": Fechts's views on Pap. Pushkin 127 in a new light, SAK 35(2006), 307-326;
158. ID., The scenes of the high priest Pinuzem in the temple of Khonsu, ZÄS 134(2007), 50-63;
159. ID., The Second Prophet Nesamun and his Claim to the High-Priesthood, SAK 38(2009), 343-353.
160. G. DEMIDOFF, Pour une révision de la chronologie de la fin de l'époque ramesside, GM 177(2000), 91-101;
161. ID., Hérihor-Piankhy, Piankhy-Herihor. Retour sur une controverse, in: C. GALLOIS, P. GRANDET, L. PANTALACCI, Mélanges offerts à François Neveu par ses amis, élèves et collègues à l'occasion de son soixante-quinzième anniversaire, BdE 145, le Caire 2008, 99-111.
162. Cf. the extreme brevity of the dismissal by E. HORNUNG, The New Kingdom, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. WARBURTON (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology, HdO 1, 83, Leiden, Boston 2006, 197-217: "Thijs' proposal that Ramesses IX-XI were contemporary (...) has been countered by VON BECKERATH (ZÄS 127 [2000], 114-116, and GM 181, 2001, 17) ".
163. J. LULL, Los sumos sacerdotes de Amón tebanos de la whm mswt y dinastía XXI (ca. 1083-945 a. C.), Oxford 2006, 48 n. 271: "Haciendo uso de los documentos que disponemos, Thijs ha llegado a indicar incluso quelos reinados de Ramsés IX, Ramsés X y Ramsés XI fueron contemporáneos. Sin embargo, esta hipótesis no ha encontrado adeptos entre los principales expertos en cronologia del período."
164. T. SCHNEIDER Ramses X.: Person und Geschichte, in: H. JENNI (ed.), Das Grab Ramses' X, Aegyptiaca Helvetica 16, Basel 2000, 82, 103 mit n. 333.
165. For a classic treatment, see E. HORNUNG, Untersuchungen zur Chronologie und Geschichte des Neuen Reiches, ÄA 11, Wiesbaden 1964, 63-70;
166. most recently, J. Klinger, Chronological Links Between the Cuneiform World of the Ancient Near East and Ancient Egypt, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. WARBURTON (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology, HdO 1, 83, Leiden, Boston 2006, 304-324.
167. J. L. MILLER, Texte historischen Inhalts, KBo 50, Berlin 2006.
168. J. L. MILLER, Amarna Age Chronology and the Identity of Nibhururiya in the Light of a Newly Reconstructed Hittite Text, AoF 34(2007), 252-293;
169. ID., The rebellion of Hatti's Syrian vassals and Egypt's Meddling in Amurru, SMEA 50(2008), 533-554.
170. R. STEMPEL, Identification of Nibhururiya and the synchronism in the Egyptian and Hittite chronology in the light of
171. D. GRODDEK, Zu den neuen ägyptisch-hethitischen Synchronismen der Nach-Amarna-Zeit, GM 215, 2007, 95-107.
172. G. WILHELM, Muršilis II. Konflikt mit Ägypten und Haremhabs Thronbesteigung, WdO 39(2009), 108-116.
173. Z. SIMON, Kann Armā mit Haremhab gleichgesetzt werden? AoF 36(2009), 340-348, has refuted the equation of Arma'a with Horemheb. In my view, the equation is well possible and highly likely.
174. G. WILHELM, Die Regierung Šuppiluliumas I. und die Chronologie der Amarna-Zeit, in: R. HACHMANN, Kamid el-Loz I (forthcoming). I would like to thank Gernot Wilhelm for having made this article available to me.
175. R. KRAUSS, Eine Regentin, ein König und eine Königin zwischen dem Tod von Achenaten und der Thronbesteigung von Tutanchaten, AoF 34, 2007, 294-318.
176. th November 2002, CChEM 6, Vienna 2004, 74, n. 13.
177. R. KRAUSS, Nofretete - Königsgemahlin und regierende Königswitwe?, Antike Welt 3(2008), 25.
178. A. DODSON, Were Nefertiti & Tutankhaten Coregents? KMT 20(2009), 41-49
179. which summarizes the main hypotheses of A. DODSON, Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation, Cairo 2009 (non vidi).
180. th daughter Neferneferuaton Tascherit seems likely to stir some controversy, Allen's ingenious proposal to see Semenkhkare as Tutankhamun's father (and a younger brother of Akhenaten) solves many of the problems that have vexed Amarna research. Unfortunately, M. GABOLDE's "Under a Deep Blue Starry Sky" in the same volume (loc.cit., 109-120) does not take notice of Allen's proposal, nor does Allen's contribution account for the reinterpretation of the mourning scenes in rooms Alpha and Gamma by J. VAN DIJK (same volume, The Death of Meketaten, 83-89) who is able to show, on the basis of an old photograph by G. Jéquier, that the child carried away by a nurse is identical with the deceased princess Maketaten and the scene thus shows her rebirth.
181. E. FRAHM, Historische und historisch-literarische Texte, Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur. E, Inschriften. 9; Keilschrifttexte aus Assur literarischen Inhalts 3, WVDOG 121, Wiesbaden 2009.
182. Cf. on the presented animals Y. IKEDA, Assyrian Kings and the Mediterranean Sea. The Twelfth to Ninth Centuries B. C., Abr-Nahrain 23(1984), 22-31.
183. A. T. OLMSTEAD, Tiglath-Pileser I and His Wars, JAOS 37(1917), 180.
184. On the Musru-Qumanu campaign, see V. HUROWITZ, J. GOODNICK WESTENHOLZ, LKA 63: A Heroic Poem in Celebration of Tiglath-pileser I's Musru-Qumanu Campaign, JCS 42(1990), 1-49;
185. on the political situation during the Palestinian expedition, R. R. STIEGLITZ, The Geopolitics of the Phoenician Littoral in the Early Iron Age, BASOR 279(1990), 9-12.
186. ca. Zweite und Dritte Grabungskampagne (Frühling 2008 und Frühling 2009), E&L 19(2009), 115-118.
187. J. BOESE, "Harbašipak", "Tiptakzi" und die Chronologie der älteren Kassitenzeit, ZA 98(2008), 201-210.
188. E. HORNUNG, The New Kingdom, in: E. HORNUNG, R. KRAUSS, D. A. WARBURTON, Ancient Egyptian Chronology, HdO vol. 83, Leiden, Boston 2006, 197-217.
189. This starting date is in agreement with the timeframe established by CH. BRONK RAMSEY et. al., Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt, Science 328(2010), 1554-1557 (New Kingdom began between 1570 and 1544 with a probability of 95%).
190. J. P. ALLEN has again argued for 3-4 years between the death of Akhenaten and the accession of Tutankhamun; in: P. J. BRAND, L. COOPER (eds.), Causing His Name to Live. Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane, Leiden, Boston 2009, 19. This timeframe does not change even if Meritaten is made regent after Akhenaten (against Allen)
191. s. R. KRAUSS, Eine Regentin, ein König und eine Königin zwischen dem Tod von Achenaten und der Thronbesteigung von Tutanchaten, AoF 34(2007) 2, 294-318.
192. D. ASTON has persuasively argued for a reign of 9 years only: D. A. ASTON, In Vino Veritas. A Docketed History of the New Kingdom Between Year 1 of Thutmosis III and Year 1 of Ramesses II, in: Festschrift Geoffrey T. Martin (forthcoming). By contrast, P. Brand advocates a reign of either 10 or 11 full years (P. BRAND, The Monuments of Seti I, Probleme der Ägyptologie 16, Leiden/Boston/Köln 2000, 306-309). The average of both proposals of 10 years is adopted here. A reign of 10 years may also be preserved in Manetho fr. 51 where "Sethos, also called Ramesses" (misplaced and to be equated with Seti I?) is assigned 10 years.