Economic impact of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy and beef cattle production

Journal of Medical Entomology

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 198-209

  Taylor, David B ^a   Moon, Roger D ^b   Mark, Darrell R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

beef; dairy; grazing cattle; production loss; Stomoxys

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASE; ECONOMICS; ECTOPARASITOSIS; MUSCIDAE; PARASITOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; ECTOPARASITIC INFESTATIONS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, ECONOMIC; MUSCIDAE; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALIA; ARTHROPODA; BOS; DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; STOMOXYS; STOMOXYS CALCITRANS;

EID: 84856595262     PISSN: 00222585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1603/ME10050     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Abdelsamei, A. H., D. G. Fox, L. O. Tedeschi, M. L. Thonney, D. J. Ketchen, and J. R. Stouffer. 2005. The effect of milk intake on forage intake and growth of nursing calves. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 940-947.
2. Berberian, D. A. 1938. Successful transmission of cutaneous Leishmaniasis by the bites of Stomoxys calcitrans. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. 38: 254-256.
3. Berry, I. L. 1986. Modeling and simulation of stable fly populations, pp. 28-32. In Miller, J. A. (Ed.), Modeling and simulation. Tools for Management of Veterinary Pests. U.S.D.A. Publ. ARS-46.
4. Berry, I. L., P. J. Scholl, and J. I. Shugart. 1981. A mark and recapture procedure for estimating population sizes of adult stable flies. Environ. Entomol. 10: 88-93.
5. Berry, I. L., D. A. Stage, and J. B. Campbell. 1983. Populations and economic impacts of stable flies on cattle. Trans. Am. Soc. Ag. Eng. 26: 873-877.
6. Bishopp, F. 1913. The stable fly (Stomoxys caclitrans L.): an important livestock pest. J. Econ. Entomol. 6: 112-126.
7. Broce, A. B., J. Hogsette, and S. Paisley. 2005. Winter feeding sites of hay in round bales as major developmental sites of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in pastures in spring and summer. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 2307-2312. (Pubitemid 43094582)
8. Bruce, W. N., and G. C. Decker. 1947. Fly control and milk flow. J. Econ. Entomol. 40: 530-536.
9. Bruce, W. N., and G. C. Decker. 1958. The relationship of stable fly abundance to milk production in dairy cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 51: 269-274.
10. Byford, R. L., M. E. Craig, and B. L. Crosby. 1992. A review of ectoparasites and their effect on cattle production. J. Amin. Sci. 70: 597-602.
11. Campbell, J. B. 1976. Effect of horn fly control on cows as expressed by increased weaning weights of calves. J. Econ. Entomol. 69: 711-712.
12. Campbell, J. B., and J. F. Hermanussen. 1971. Efficacy of insecticides and methods of insecticidal application for control of stable flies in Nebraska. J. Econ. Entomol. 64: 1188-1190.
13. Campbell, J. B., R. G. White, J. E. Wright, R. Crookshank, and D. C. Clanton. 1977. Effects of stable flies on weight gains and feed efficiency of calves on growing or finishing rations. J. Econ. Entomol. 70: 592-594.
14. Campbell, J. B., I. L. Berry, D. J. Boxler, R. L. Davis, and D. C. Clanton. 1987. Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 80: 117-119.
15. Campbell, J. B., M. A. Catangui, G. D. Thomas, D. J. Boxler, and R. Davis. 1993. Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on weight gain and feed conversion of feeder cattle. J. Agric. Entomol. 10: 155-161.
16. Campbell, J. B., S. R. Skoda, D. R. Berkebile, D. J. Boxler, G. D. Thomas, D. C. Adams, and R. Davis. 2001. Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on weight gains of grazing yearling cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 780-783. (Pubitemid 33750061)
17. Catangui, M. A. 1992. Performances of Brahman-crossbred and English-crossbred feeder heifers when exposed to stable flies. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.
18. Catangui, M. A., J. B. Campbell, G. D. Thomas, and D. J. Boxler. 1993. Average daily gains of Brahman-crossbred and English x exotic feeder heifers exposed to low, medium and high levels of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 86: 1144-1150.
19. Catangui, M. A., J. B. Campbell, G. D. Thomas, and D. J. Boxler. 1995. Average daily gains of Brahman-crossbred and English x exotic feeder heifers during long-term exposure to stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 1349-1352.
20. Catangui, M. A., J. B. Campbell, G. D. Thomas, and D. J. Boxler. 1997. Calculating economic injury levels for stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on feeder heifers. J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 6-10. (Pubitemid 28126413)
21. Cheng, T. H. 1958. The effect of biting fly control on weight gain in beef cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 51: 275-278.
22. Cheng, T. H., and E. M. Kesler. 1961. A three year study on the effect of fly control on milk production by selected and randomized dairy herds. J. Econ. Entomol. 54: 751-757.
23. Cutkomp, L. K., and A. L. Harvey. 1958. The weight responses of beef cattle in relation to control of horn and stable flies. J. Econ. Entomol. 51: 72-75.
24. Dikmans, G. 1950. The transmission of anaplasmosis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 11: 5-16.
25. Dougherty, C. T., F. W. Knapp, P. B. Burrus, D. C. Willis, P. L. Cornelius, and N. W. Bradley. 1993. Multiple releases of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) and behaviour of grazing beef cattle. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 38: 191-212.
26. Dougherty, C. T., F. W. Knapp, P. B. Burrus, D. C. Willis, and P. L. Cornelius. 1994. Moderation of grazing behavior of beef cattle by stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 40: 113-127.
27. Drummond, R. O. 1987. Economic aspects of ectoparasites of cattle in North America. In W.H.D. Leaning and J. Guerrero (Ed.) The economic impact of parasitism in cattle. Proc. MSD-AGVET Symp. XXIII World Vet. Congress, August 19, 1987 Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
28. Drummond, R. O., G. Lambert, H. E. Smalley, Jr., and C. E. Terrill. 1981. Estimated losses of livestock to pests, pp. 111-127. In D. Pimentel (ed.), CRC handbook of pest management in agriculture. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
29. Engelken, T. J. 2008. Developing replacement beef heifers. Theriogenology 70: 569-572.
30. Fox, D. G., C. J. Sniffen, and J. D. O'Connor. 1988. Adjusting nutrient requirements of beef cattle for animal and environmental variations. J. Anim. Sci. 66: 1475-1495.
31. Freeborn, S.B.W., M. Regan, and A. H. Folger. 1925. The relation of flies and fly sprays to milk production. J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 779-790.
32. Freeborn, S.B.W., M. Regan, and A. H. Folger. 1928. The relation of flies and fly sprays to milk production. J. Econ. Entomol. 21: 494-501.
33. George, P. D. 1984. A deterministic model of net nutrient requirements for the beef cow. Ph.D. thesis. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
34. Golovanov, V. I., Y. M. Zimin, S. Dadaev, D. T. Isakova, D. H. Azimov, and A. A. Tukhmanyants. 1977. The role of certain Diptera as intermediate hosts of nematodes of farm animals in Uzbekistan. Materialy Nauchnoi Konferentsii Vsesoyuznogo Obschestva Gel'mintologov. Tremadody I Trematodozy 29: 30-34.
35. Granett, P., and E. J. Hansens. 1956. The effect of biting fly control on milk production. J. Econ. Entomol. 49: 465-467.
36. Granett, P., and E. J. Hansens. 1957. Further observations on the effect of biting fly control on milk production on cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 50: 332-336.
37. Hall, R. D., G. D. Thomas, and C. E. Morgan. 1982. Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), breeding in large round hay bales: initial associations (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 55: 617-620.
38. Hyslop, J. A. 1938. Losses occasioned by insects, mites and ticks in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture E-444, Washington, DC.
39. Jonsson, N. N., and D. G. Mayer. 1999. Estimation of the effects of buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) on the milk production of dairy cattle based on a meta-analysis of literature data. Med. Vet. Entomol. 13: 372-376.
40. Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, and T. J. Lysyk. 1994. Adult age and reproductive success in stable fly populations (Diptera, Muscidae). Can. Entomol. 126: 239-249. (Pubitemid 2093954)
41. Kunz, S. E., K. D. Murrell, G. Lambert, L. F. James, and C. E. Terrill. 1991. Estimated losses of livestock to pests, pp. 69-98. In D. Pimentel (Ed.), CRC handbook of pest management in agriculture, 2nd ed., Volume I. CRC, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
42. Lenehan, N. A., J. M. DeRouchey, T. T. Marston, M. L. Christian, and G. L. Marchin. 2004. Effects of round bale feeding sites on soil fecal bacteria and nutrient concentrations. Cattlemen's Day, Report of Progress 923, pp. 100-106, Kansas State Univ. Agric. Expt. Stn. and Coop. Ext. Service, Manhattan, KS.
43. Lysyk, T. J. 1993. Seasonal abundance of stable flies and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in dairies in Alberta, Canada. J. Med. Entomol. 30: 888-895.
44. McNeal, C. D. Jr., and J. B. Campbell. 1981. Insect pest management in Nebrtaska feedlots and dairies: a pilot integrated pest management project. Report No. 10, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.
45. Mellor, P. S., R. P. Kitching, and P. J. Wilkinson. 1987. Mechanical transmission of capripox virus and African Swine Fever virus by Stomoxys calcitrans. Res. Vet. Sci. 43: 109-112.
46. Miller, R. W., L. G. Pickens, N. O., Morgan, R. W. Thimijan, and R. L. Wilson. 1973. Effect of stable flies on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows. J. Econ. Entomol. 66: 711-714.
47. Moon, R. D. 2009. Muscid flies (Muscidae), pp. 275-295. In G. Mullen and L. Durden (Eds.), Medical and veterinary entomology, 2nd ed. Academic, New York.
48. Morgan, D.W.T., and H. D. Bailie. 1980. A field trial to determine the effect of fly control using permethrin on milk yields in dairy cattle in the UK. Vet. Rec. 106: 121-123. (Pubitemid 10145934)
49. Morgan, N. O., and L. D. Miller. 1976. Muscidae (Diptera): experimental vectors of hog cholera virus. J. Med. Entomol. 12: 657-660.
50. Mullens, B. A., and J. A. Meyer. 1987. Seasonal abundance of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on California dairies. J. Econ. Entomol. 80: 1039-1043.
51. Mullens, B. A., K.-S. Lii, Y. Mao, J. A. Meyer, N. G. Peterson, and C. E. Szijj. 2006. Behavioral responses of dairy cattle to the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, in an open field environment. Med. Vet. Entomol. 20: 122-137.
52. (NRC) National Research Council. 1988. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Board of Agriculture. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
53. R Development Core Team. 2010. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. (http://www.R-project.org).
54. Regan, W. M., and S. B. Freeborn. 1936. The effect of flies and fly sprays on certain physiological processes of the dairy cow. J. Dairy Sci. 19: 11-28.
55. Riordan, K. 1972. Feeding behaviour of Stomoxys (Diptera, Muscidae) in relation to the possible noncyclical transmission of trypanosomes. Entomologist 105: 118-125.
56. Scholl, P. J. 1986. Field population studies of Stomoxys calcitrans (L) in eastern Nebraska. Southwest. Entomol. 11: 155-160.
57. Shaw, A. O., and F. W. Atkeson. 1943. Effect of spraying cows with repellent type sprays as measured by milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 26: 179-187.
58. Skoda, S. R., G. D. Thomas, and J. B. Campbell. 1991. Developmental sites and relative abundance of immature stages of the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in beef cattle feedlot pens in eastern Nebraska. J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 191-197.
59. Stosic, P. J., P. J. Hadley, G. C. Coles, D. Shearer, and P. C. Garnsworthy. 2000. Biting fly damage on bovine leather: an alternative source of 'light spot' damage. J. Soc. Leath. Tech. Ch. 84: 159-164.
60. Talley, J., A. B. Broce, and L. Zurek. 2009. Characterization of stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larval development habitat at round hay bale feeding sites. J. Med. Entomol. 46: 1310-1319.
61. Taylor, D. B., and D. R. Berkebile. 2011. Phenology of stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae in round bale hay feeding sites in eastern Nebraska. Environ. Entomol. 40: 184-193.
62. Thomas, G. D., I. L. Berry, S. R. Skoda, and D. R. Berkebile. 1990. Seasonal ovipositional status of field populations of female stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in cattle feedlots as measured by two sampling methods. Environ. Entomol. 19: 597-1604.
63. Thomas, G. D., S. R. Skoda, D. R. Berkebile, and J. B. Campbell. 1996. Scheduled sanitation to reduce stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in beef cattle feedlots. J. Econ. Entomol. 89: 411-414. (Pubitemid 27088303)
64. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture. 1954. Losses in agriculture. A preliminary appraisal for review. ARS-USDA ARS-20-1.
65. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture. 1965. Losses in agriculture (Agricultural Handbook No. 291). USDA, Washington, DC.
66. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture-AMS. 2005-2009. (2005-2009) Annual meat trade review. (http://search.ams.usda.gov/mnsearch/ mnsearch.aspx).
67. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture-NASS. 2006a-2010a. Milk production, disposition, and income. (2005-2009) Summary. (http://usda.mannlib. cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1105).
68. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture-NASS. 2006b-2009b. Agricultural prices (2005-2008) Summary. (http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/ MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1003).
69. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture-NASS. 2010b. Agricultural prices. (http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do? documentID=1002).
70. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture-NASS. 2005d-2009d. Cattle. (http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1017).
71. (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture-NASS. 2010c. Meat animals production, disposition, and income (2009) Summary. (http://usda.mannlib. cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1101).
72. Vitela, M. I., C. Cruz-Vazquez, and A. Orihuela. 2006. A note on the effect of controlling stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) in the resting activity and pen distribution of dairy cows. J. Appl. Anim. Welfare Sci. 9: 241-248. (Pubitemid 46040219)
73. Vitela, M. I., C. Cruz-Vazquez, J. J. Solano, and A. Orihuela. 2007. A note on the associations between the prevalence of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and the behaviour of dairy cows under semi-arid conditions. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 6: 1284-1290.
74. Wellman, A. C. 1973. Hot weather livestock stress. Nebraska Extension Service NebGuide G73-57, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.
75. Wheat, J. D., and J. K. Riggs. 1952. Length of gestation period in beef cattle. J. Heredity 43: 99.
76. Wieman, G. A., J. B. Campbell, J. A. DeShazer, and I. L. Berry. 1992. The effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on weight gain and feed efficiency of feeder cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 1835-1842.