The history of the development of buprenorphine as an addiction therapeutic

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1248, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 124-139

  Campbell, Nancy D ^a   Lovell, Anne M ^b  

^a RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b INSERM   (France)

Author keywords

Addiction therapeutics; Buprenorphine; Narcotic antagonists; Partial agonist antagonists

Indexed keywords

BUPRENORPHINE; NALOXONE;

ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MANUFACTURE; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP;

EID: 84856582964     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06352.x     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. McAllister, W.B. 2000. Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History. Routledge. New York.
2. Bruun, K., L. Pan & I. Rexed. 1975. The Gentlemen's Club: International Control of Drugs and Alcohol. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
3. Correspondence from Reid Hunt to Victor C. Vaughan, chair, Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council, dated July 10, 1922. Quoted in Acker, C. J. 2002. Creating the American Junkie: Addiction Research in the Classic Era of Narcotics Control. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. p. 64.
4. Terry, C.E. & M. Pellens. 1928. The Opium Problem. Bureau of Social Hygiene, Inc. New York.
5. Himmelsbach, C.K. 1939. Studies of certain addiction characteristics of (a) dihydromorphine ('paramorphan'), (b) dihyrdodesoxymorphine-D ('desomorphine'), (c) dihyrdodesoxycodeine-D ('desocodeine'), (d) methyldihydromorphinone ('metopon'). J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 67: 239-249.
6. Courtwright, D.C. 1982/2001. Dark Paradise: A History of Opiate Addiction in America. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
7. Acker, C. J. 2002. Creating the American Junkie: Addiction Research in the Classic Era of Narcotics Control. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, MD.
8. Memorandum from William C. White, Chairman of the National Research Council Division of Medical Sciences (DMS), to Lawrence B. Dunham, Executive Director of the Bureau of Social Hygiene, discussing transfer of responsibility for the Committee's operations from the Bureau to the NRC in 1928. Quoted in Eddy, N. B. 1973. The National Research Council Involvement in the Opiate Problem. National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
9. Report on the Research Plan from William C. White, Chair of the Committee on Drug Addiction, to the Chairman of the National Research Council Division of Medical Sciences (DMS) dated November 26, 1929. Quoted in Eddy, N. B. 1973. The National Research Council Involvement in the Opiate Problem. National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
10. Appendix to the minutes of the Committee on Drug Addiction and Narcotics, 2 October 1947, p. 9.
11. Fishbein, M. 1931. The Indispensable Uses of Narcotics in the Practice of Medicine. Committee on Drug Addiction of the Division of Medical Sciences, NRC, and Division of Medical Hygiene & US Public Health Service. Washington, DC.
12. King, M.R., C.K. Himmelsbach & R.S. Sanders. 1935. Dilaudid (dihydromorphinone). A review of the literature and a study of its addictive properties. Publ. Health Rep., Suppl. 113: 1-38.
13. Himmelsbach, C.K. 1941. The search for a non-addictive substitute for morphine. Hosp. News 8: 2.
14. Himmelsbach, C.K. 1941. Studies on the relationship of drug addiction to the autonomic nervous system: results of cold pressor tests. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 73: 91-98.
15. Himmelsbach, C.K. 1944. Studies on the relationship of drug addiction to the autonomic nervous system: results of tests of peripheral blood flow. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 80: 343-353.
16. Himmelsbach, C.K. 1941. The morphine abstinence syndrome, its nature and treatment. Ann. Int. Med. 15: 829-839.
17. Isbell, H., A. Wikler, A. J. Eisenman, et al. 1948. Liability of addiction to 6-dimethylamino-4-4-diphenylheptanone (methadon, "amidone" or "1820"). Man. Arch. Int. Med. 82: 362-392.
18. Eddy, N.B. 1973. The National Research Council Involvement in the Opiate Problem. National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
19. Edwards, G., Ed. 2002. Interview of Hans Halbach. In Addiction: Evolution of a Specialist Field. Blackwell Science, Ltd. Oxford, UK.
20. Eddy, N.B., H. Halbach & O.J. Braenden. 1956. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect. Relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull. World Health Organ. 14: 353-402.
21. Isbell, H., A. Wikler, N. B. Eddy, et al. 1947. Tolerance and addiction liability of 6-dimethylamino-4-4-diphenylheptanone-3 (methadon). J. Am. Med. Assoc. 135: 888-894.
22. Isbell, H., A.J. Eisenman, A. Wikler & K. Frank. 1948. The effects of single dose of 6-dimethylamino-4-4-diphenylheptanone (Methadon, "Amidone" or "1820") on human subjects. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 92: 83-89.
23. Joseph, H. 1995. Medical Methadone Maintenance: The Further Concealment of a Stigmatized Condition. Unpublished PhD diss. New York.
24. Martin, W.R., J.W. Sloan & C.W. Eades. 1978. Addiction Research Center, 1963-1975: neuropharmacology and neurochemistry. In Drug Addiction and the U.S. Public Health Service: Proceedings of a Symposium Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Addiction Research Center at Lexington, KY. W.R. Martin & H. Isbell, Eds.: 100-117. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (ADM) 77-434, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC.
25. Unna, K. 1943. Antagonistic effect of N-allylnomorphine upon morphine. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 79: 27-31.
26. Archer, S., N.F. Albertson, L.S. Harris, et al. 1962. Narcotic antagonists as analgesics. Science 137: 541-543.
27. Wikler, A., H.F. Fraser & H. Isbell. 1953. N-allylnor-morphine: effects of single doses and precipitation of acute "abstinence syndromes" during addiction to morphine, methadone and heroin in man (post-addicts). J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 109: 8-20.
28. Lasagna, L. & H.K. Beecher. 1954. The analgesic effectiveness of nalorphine and nalorphine-morphine combinations in man. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 112: 356-363.
29. Isbell, H. 1956. Attempted addiction to nalorphine. Federation Proc. 15: 442.
30. Keats, A.S. & T. Telford. 1956. Nalorphine, a potent analgesic in man. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 117: 190-199.
31. Fraser, H.F. 1957. Human pharmacology and clinical uses of nalorphine. Med. Clin. N. Am. 41: 393-403.
32. Fraser, H.F., G.D. Van Horn & H. Isbell. 1956. Studies on N-allylnormorphine in man: antagonism to morphine and heroin and effects of mixtures of N-allylnormorphine and morphine. Am. J. of Med. Sci. 231: 1-8.
33. Martin, W.R., D.R. Jasinski & P.A. Mansky. 1973. Naltrexone, an antagonist for treatment of heroin dependence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 28: 784-791.
34. Fraser, H.F. & H. Isbell 1952. Actions and addiction liabilities of alpha-acetylmethadols in man. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 105: 458-465.
35. Martin, W.R., C.W Gorodetzky & T.K. McClane. 1966. An experimental treatment of narcotic addicts with cyclazocine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 7: 455-458.
36. Fraser, H.F. & H. Isbell. 1960. Human pharmacology and addiction liabilities of phenazocine and levophenacylmorphan. Bull. Narc. 12: 15-23.
37. Fraser, H.F. & L. Harris. 1966. Narcotic and narcotic antagonist analgesics. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. 7: 277-300.
38. Telford, J., C.N. Papadopoulos & A.S. Keats. 1961. Studies of analgesic drugs: VII. Morphine antagonists as analgesics. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 133: 106-116.
39. Harris, L.S. & A.K. Pierson. 1964. Some narcotic antagonists in the benzomorphan series. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 143: 141-148.
40. Eddy, N.B. 1963. The chemopharmacological approach to the addiction problem. Publ. Health Rep. 78: 673-680.
41. Keats, A. 1956. New concepts in the action of analgesic drugs. S. Med. J. 49: 1285-1288.
42. Wikler, A. 1965. Conditioning factors in opiate addiction and relapse. In Narcotics. D. I. Wilner & G. G. Kassebaum, Eds.: 21-29. McGraw-Hill. New York.
43. Martin, W.R. 1967. Opioid antagonists. Pharmacol. Rev. 19: 463-521.
44. Martin, W.R., C.G. Eades, J.A. Thompson, et al. 1976. Opioid analgesics. Pharmacol. Rev. 19: 463-521.
45. Martin, W.R. 1989. The "social chemistry" of pharmacological discovery: the multiple opioid receptor story. An interview with Dr. William Martin, January 28, 1986. Social Pharmacol. 3: 3-14.
46. Martin, W.R. & D.R. Jasinski. 1969. Physiological parameters of morphine dependence in man-tolerance, early abstinence, protracted abstinence. J. Psychiat. Res. 7: 9-17.
47. Martin, W.R. & J.W. Sloan. 1968. The pathophysiology of morphine dependence and its treatment with opioid antagonists. Pharmakopsychiatrie Neuro-Psychopharmakologie 1: 260-270.
48. Renault, P.F. 1978. Current status of naltrexone treatment. Bull. Narc. 30: 21-29.
49. Dole, V.P. & M.E. Nyswander. 1965. A medical treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) addiction. A clinical trial with methadone hydrochloride. J. Am. Medical Assoc. 193: 646-650.
50. Dole, V.P., M.E. Nyswander & M.J. Kreek. 1966. Narcotic Blockade. Arch. Int. Med. 118: 304-309.
51. Courtwright, D., H. Joseph & D. Des Jarlais. 1989. Addicts Who Survived: An Oral History of Narcotic Use in American, 1923-1965. University of Tennessee Press. Knoxville, TN.
52. Interview of Jerome H. Jaffe, January 29-30, 2007, by Nancy Campbell.
53. Jaffe, J.H. & L. Brill. 1966. Cyclazocine, a long acting narcotic antagonist: its voluntary acceptance as a treatment modality by narcotic abusers. Int. J. Addict. 1: 99-123.
54. Robins, L.N. 1973. A Follow-Up of Vietnam Drug Users. Special Action Office Monograph, Series A. No. 1, Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC.
55. Robins, L.N. 1974. The Vietnam Drug User Returns. Special Action Office Monograph, Series A, No. 2, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.
56. Ling, W., C. Charuvastra, S.C. Kaim & C.J. Klett. 1976. Methadyl acetate and methadone as maintenance treatments for heroin addicts. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 33: 709-720.
57. Jaffe, J.H. & C. O'Keeffe. 2003. From morphine clinics to buprenorphine: regulating opioid agonist treatment of addiction in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 70: S3-S11.
58. CPDD minutes of February 21, 1973. NAS/NRC/CPDD archives, Box 1.
59. Correspondence from Peter G. Bourne to Philip Handler dated February 1, 1973. NAS/NRC/CPDD archives, Box 1. p 1.
60. Kaim, S.C. 1976. Evolution of the National Academy of Sciences Study of Naltrexone. In Narcotic Antagonists: Naltrexone Progress Report. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 9 (ADM) 76-387. R. D. Willette & G. Barnett, Eds.: 37-44. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC.
61. CPDD Agenda. June 10, 1973. NAS/NRC/CPDD archives. Box 1.
62. Martin, W.R. 1977. Drugs and Drug Addiction. Nathan B. Eddy Award acceptance speech. Unpublished.
63. Willette, R.D. 1975. Narcotic Antagonists: The Search for Long-Acting Preparations. National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA Research Monograph 4 (ADM) 76-296. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC.
64. Blaine, J.D. & P.F. Renault. 1976. Rx:3x/Week LAAM, Alternative to Methadone. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 8 (ADM) 78-347. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC.
65. Willette, R.D. & G. Barnett. 1976. Narcotic Antagonists: Naltrexone Progress Report. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 9 (ADM) 76-387. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC.
66. Lewis, J.W. 1998. In pursuit of the Holy Grail. Nathan B. Eddy Award lecture. College on Problems of Drug Dependence. Unpublished.
67. Interview of Christian Chapleo. August 19, 2009, by Isabelle Feroni and Anne Lovell.
68. Jasinski, D.R., J.S. Pevnick & J.D. Griffith. 1978. Human pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic buprenorphine. A potential agent for treating narcotic addiction. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 35: 501-516.
69. Jasinski, D.R. 1979. Human pharmacology of narcotic antagonists. Br. J. Clin. Pharmac. 7: 287S-290S.
70. Jasinski, D.R. 1981. Opiate withdrawal syndrome: acute and protracted aspects. In Research developments in drug and alcohol use. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 362: 183-186.
71. Lewis, J.L. & D. Walter. 1992. Buprenorphine: background to its development as a treatment for opioid dependence. In Buprenorphine: an alternative treatment for opioid dependence. In NIDA Research Monograph 121. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/National Institute on Drug Abuse. J.D. Blaine, Ed: 5-11. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC.
72. Interview of George Bigelow. December 3, 2007, by Anne Lovell.
73. Campbell, N.D. 2010. The history of a public science: how the Addiction Research Center became the NIDA intramural research program. Drug Alcohol Depend. 107: 108-112.
74. Shubin, S. 1980. Prisoner Research. Center for the Study of Drug Development. University of Rochester Medical Center. Unpublished.
75. Interview of George Bigelow. June 22, 2005, by Nancy Campbell.
76. Bickel, W.K., M.L. Stitzer, G.E. Bigelow, et al. 1988. A clinical trial of buprenorphine: comparison with methadone in the detoxification of heroin addicts. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 43: 72-78.
77. Bickel, W.K., M.L. Stitzer, G.E. Bigelow, et al. 1988. Buprenorphine: dose-related blockade of opioid challenge effects in opioid dependent humans. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 247: 47-53.
78. Johnson R.E., J.H. Jaffe & P.J. Fudala. 1992. A controlled trial of buprenorhine treatment for opioid dependence. JAMA 267: 2750-2755.
79. Johnson, R.E., T. Eissenberg, M.L. Stitzer, et al. 1995. A placebo controlled clinical trial of buprenorphine as a treatment for opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 40: 17-25.
80. Johnson, R.E., M.A. Chutuape, E.C. Strain, et al. 2000. A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, and methadone or opioid dependence. N. Engl. J. Med. 343: 1290-1297.
81. Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. 1983. Proceedings of the Agonist-Antagonist Symposium. February 14-15, 1983.
82. Mello, N.K. & J.H. Mendelson. 1980. Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts. Science 207: 657-665.
83. Interview of Charles O'Keeffe. June 21, 2005, by Nancy Campbell.
84. Fulco, C.E., C.T. Liverman & L.E. Earley. 1995. The Development of Medications for the Treatment of Opiate and Cocaine Addictions: Issues for the Government and the Private Sector. Board on Biobehavioral Health and Mental Disorders. Institute of Medicine. National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
85. Interview of Charles O'Keeffe. May 19, 2009, by Anne Lovell.
86. Interview of R. Ed Johnson. March 20, 2010, by Anne Lovell.
87. Interview of Frank Vocci. June 22, 2005, by Nancy Campbell.
88. Stephens ' M.D.P. 2005. Stephens' Detection of New Adverse Drug Reactions, Fifth Edition. Appendix I, Wiley Online Library, January 28, 2005.
89. Feroni I. & A.M. Lovell. 2007. Les dispositifs de régulation publique d'un medicament sensible: le cas du Subutex®. La Revue Française des Affaires Sociales 3-4: 153-170.
90. Lovell, A.M. 2006. Addiction markets: the example of opiate substitutes in France. In Global Pharmaceuticals. Ethics, Markets, Practices. A. Petryna, A. Lakoff & A. Kleinman, Eds.: 136-170. Duke University Press. Chapel Hill, NC.
91. Wellman-Labadie, O. & Y. Zhou. 2010. The US Orphan Drug Act: rare disease research stimulator or commercial opportunity? Health Policy 95: 216-228.
92. Johanson, C.E., C.L. Arfken, S. di Menza & C.R. Schuster. 2011. Diversion and abuse of buprenorphine: findings from national surveys of treatment patients and physicians. Drug Alcohol Depend. doi:.
93. de Mel, L. 1997. Schering-Plough and Reckitts in agreement on worldwide marketing rights for buprenorphine products. Schering-Plough press release, Madison, New Jersey. September 3, 1997.
94. Reckitt Benckiser. 2010. Reckitt Benckiser buys back remaining rights to Suboxone & Subutex. Available at:. Accessed 11 November 2011.
95. Accessed 6 May 2011.