The use of twin-screw extrusion in processing of wood: The effect of processing parameters and pretreatment

BioResources

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 4615-4625

  Hietala, Maiju ^a,b   Niinimäki, Jouko ^b   Oksman, Kristiina ^a  

^a LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Processing parameters; Statistical analysis; Twin screw extrusion; Wood

Indexed keywords

EFFECT OF CHEMICALS; EXTRUSION PROCESS; INDIVIDUAL FIBERS; PRE-TREATMENT; PROCESSING PARAMETERS; SCREW ELEMENTS; SCREW SPEED; TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS; TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; WOOD CHIP; WOOD FIBER; WOOD FLOUR; WOOD PARTICLES; WOOD POLYMER COMPOSITES; WOOD RAW MATERIAL;

ASPECT RATIO; FIBERS; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; SCREWS; SEPARATION; STATISTICAL METHODS; WOOD; WOOD PRODUCTS;

EXTRUSION;

EXTRUSION; PARAMETERS; PARTICLE SIZE; PRETREATMENT; SCREWS; SEPARATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL METHODS; WOOD; WOOD PRODUCTS;

EID: 84856437993     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19302126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bledzki, A. K., and Faruk, O. (2003). "Wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of fibre geometry and coupling agent on physico-mechanical properties," Appl. Compos. Mater. 10, 365-79.
2. Bledzki, A. K., Letman, M., Viksne, A., and Rence, L. (2005). "A comparison of compounding processes and wood type for wood fibre-PP composites," Compos. Part A 36(6), 789-97.
3. Bouafif, H., Koubaa, A., Perré, P., and Cloutier, A. (2009). "Effects of fiber characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites," Compos. Part A 40, 1975-1981.
4. Bouafif, H., Koubaa, A., Perré, P., and Cloutier, A. (2010). "Effects of composite processing methods on wood particle development and length distribution: Consequences on mechanical properties of wood-thermoplastic composites", Wood Fiber Sci. 42(1), 62-70.
5. Caulfield, D. F., Clemons, C., Jacobson, R. E., and Rowell, R. M. (2005). "Wood thermoplastic composites," In: Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, Rowell, R. M., (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, 365-378.
6. Chen, H. C., Chen, T. Y., and Hsu, C. H. (2006). "Effects of wood particle size and mixing ratios of HDPE on the properties of the composites," Holz Roh Werkst. 64, 172-77.
7. Clemons, C. (2002). "Wood-plastic composites in the United States," For. Prod. J. 52(6), 10-18.
8. Clemons, C. (2008). "Raw materials for wood-polymer composites," In: Wood-polymer composites, Oksman, K., and Sain, M. (eds.), Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, 1-22.
9. Clemons, C. M., and Caulfield, D. F. (2005). "Wood flour," In: Functional Fillers for Plastics, Xanthos M (ed.), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 249-270.
10. Coutinho, F. M. B., Costa, T. H. S., and Carvalho, D. (1997). "Polypropylene-wood fiber composites: Effect of treatment and mixing conditions on mechanical properties," J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 65, 1227-35.
11. Dalväg, H., Klason, C., and Strömvall, H. E. (1985). "The efficiency of cellulosic fillers in common thermoplastics. Part II. Filling with processing aids and coupling agents," Int. J. Polym. Mater. 11(1), 9-38.
12. Felix, J. M., and Gatenholm, P. (1991). "The nature of adhesion in composites of modified cellulose fibers and polypropylene," J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 42(3), 609-620.
13. Ichazo, M. N., Albano, C., González, J., Perera, R., and Candal, M. V. (2001). "Polypropylene/wood flour composites: Treatments and properties," Compos. St. 54, 207-214.
14. Klason, C., Kubát, J., and Strömvall, H. E. (1984). "The efficiency of cellulosic fillers in common thermoplastics. Part 1. Filling without processing aids or coupling agents," Int. J. Polym. Mater. 10(3), 159-187.
15. Krogerus, B., Fagerholm, K., and Löytynoja, L. (2003). "Analytical fractionation of pulps by tube flow," Pap. Puu-Pap. Tim. 85(4), 209-213.
16. Laitinen, O., Löytynoja, L., and Niinimäki, J. (2006). "Tube flow fractionator: A simple method for laboratory fractionation," Pap. Puu-Pap. Tim. 88(6), 1-5.
17. Le Baillif, M., and Oksman, K. (2009). "The effect of processing on fibre dispersion, fibre length and thermal degradation of bleached sulphite cellulose fibre polypropylene composites," J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 22(2), 115-133.
18. Maldas, D., Kokta, B. V., and Daneault, C. (1989). "Influence of coupling agents and treatments on the mechanical properties of cellulose fiber-polystyrene composites," J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 37(3), 751-75.
19. Migneault, S., Koubaa, A., Erchiqui, F., Chaala, A., Englund, K., and Wolcott, M. P. (2009). "Effects of processing method and fiber size on the structure and properties of wood-plastic composites," Compos. Part A 40(1), 80-85.
20. Raj, R. G., Kokta, B. V., and Daneault, C. (1989). "Use of wood fibers in thermoplastics. VII. The effect of coupling agents in polyethylene-wood fiber composites," J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 37(4), 1089-1103.
21. Rozman, H. D., Kon, B. K., Abusamah, A., Kumar, R. N., and Mohd Ishak, Z. A. (1998). "Rubberwood -high density polyethylene composites: Effect of filler size and coupling agents on mechanical properties," J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 69, 1993-2004.
22. Schirp, A., and Stender, J. (2010). "Properties of extruded wood-plastic composites based on refiner wood fibres (TMP fibres) and hemp fibers," Eur. J. Wood Pr. 68, 219-231.
23. Smook, G. A. (1999) Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists, 2nd Edition, Angus Wilde Publications, Vancouver.
24. Stark, N. M. (1999). "Wood fiber derived from scrap pallets used in polypropylene composites," For. Prod. J. 49(6), 39-46.
25. Stark, N. M., and Berger, M. J. (1997). "Effect of particle size on properties of woodflour reinforced polypropylene composites," Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Woodfiber- Plastic Composites, Madison, 134-43.
26. Stark, N. M., and Rowlands, R. E. (2003). "Effects of wood fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites," Wood Fiber Sci. 35(2), 167-174.
27. Sämann, H.-J. (2008). "Screw elements for co-rotating, closely intermeshing, twin-screw extruders," In: Co-Rotating Twin-screw Extruders. Fundamentals, Technology and Applications, Kohlgrüber, K., and Wiedmann, W. (eds.), Hanser, Munich, 215-236.