Serotonin toxicity involving MDMA (ecstasy) and moclobemide

Forensic Science International

Volumn 215, Issue 1-3, 2012, Pages 184-188

  Pilgrim, J L ^a   Gerostamoulos, D ^a   Woodford, N ^a   Drummer, Olaf H ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fatalities; Heart disease; MDMA; Moclobemide; Serotonin toxicity

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; MOCLOBEMIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CASE REPORT; CHEMICAL INTERACTION; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONER; FATALITY; HEART DISEASE; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERTHERMIA; LUNG EDEMA; MALE; MUSCLE TWITCH; POLICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEIZURE; SEROTONIN SYNDROME; SEROTONIN TOXICITY; TREMOR; VOMITING;

EID: 84856409463     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: 18726283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.04.008     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Pilgrim J.L., Gerostamoulos D., Drummer O.H., Bollmann M. Involvement of amphetamines in sudden and unexpected death. J. Forensic Sci. 2009, 54:478-485.
2. Silins E., Copeland J., Dillon P. Qualitative review of serotonin syndrome, ecstasy (MDMA) and the use of other serotonergic substances: hierarchy of risk. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2007, 41:649-655.
3. Copeland J., Dillon P., Gascoigne M. Ecstasy and the concomitant use of pharmaceuticals. Addict. Behav. 2006, 31:367-370.
4. Kelly B.C. Mediating MDMA-related harm: preloading and post-loading among Ecstasy-using youth. J. Psychoactive Drugs 2009, 41:19-26.
5. Vuori E., Henry J.A., Ojanpera I., Nieminen R., Savolainen T., Wahlsten P., Jantti M. Death following ingestion of MDMA (ecstasy) and moclobemide. Addiction 2003, 98:365-368.
6. Boot B.P., McGregor I.S., Hall W. MDMA (Ecstasy) neurotoxicity: assessing and communicating the risks. Lancet 2000, 355:1818-1821.
7. Giroud C., Horisberger B., Eap C., Augsburger M., Menetrey A., Baumann P., Mangin P. Death following acute poisoning by moclobemide. Forensic Sci. Int. 2004, 140:101-107.
8. Dunkley E.J., Isbister G.K., Sibbritt D., Dawson A.H., Whyte I.M. The Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria: simple and accurate diagnostic decision rules for serotonin toxicity. QJM 2003, 96:635-642.
9. Gillman P.K. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity. Br. J. Anaesth. 2005, 95:434-441.
10. Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence (ABCI) Australian illicit drug report 2001-02 (2003).
11. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2004 national drug strategy household survey-first results. AIHW, Canberra (2005).
12. Drummer O.H., Horomidis S., Kourtis S., Syrjanen M.L., Tippett P. Capillary gas chromatographic drug screen for use in forensic toxicology. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1994, 18:134-138.
13. Stanley N., Salem A., Irvine R.J. The effects of co-administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (" ecstasy") or para-methoxyamphetamine and moclobemide at elevated ambient temperatures on striatal 5-HT, body temperature and behavior in rats. Neuroscience 2007, 146:321-329.
14. Freezer A., Salem A., Irvine R.J. Effects of 3 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy') and para-methoxyamphetamine on striatal 5-HT when co-administered with moclobemide. Brain Res. 2005, 1041:48-55.
15. Parrott A.C. Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2002, 71:837-844.
16. Boyer E.W., Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005, 352:1112-1120.
17. Centres of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Emergency department visits involving nonmedical use of selected prescription drugs. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), (2010) vol 59.
18. Greene S.L., Dargan P.I., O'Connor N., Jones A.L., Kerins M. Multiple toxicity from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (" ecstasy"). Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2003, 21:121-124.
19. Kaye S, McKetin, R. Cardiotoxicity associated with methamphetamine use and signs of cardiovascular pathology among methamphetamine users. National Drug Abuse Research Centre (2005).
20. Karch S. Drugs Abuse Handbook 1998, CRC Press LLC, USA.
21. Bijl D. The serotonin syndrome. Neth. J. Med. 2004, 62.
22. Skopp G. Preanalytic aspects in postmortem toxicology. Forensic Sci. Int. 2004, 142:75-100.
23. Madea B., Musshoff F. Postmortem toxicology. Forensic Sci. Int. 2004, 142:71-73.
24. Levisky J.A., Bowerman D.L., Jenkins W.W., Johnson D.G., Karch S.B. Drugs in postmortem adipose tissues: evidence of antemortem deposition. Forensic Sci. Int. 2001, 121:157-160.
25. Koski A, Interpretation of postmortem toxicology results: Pharmacogenetics and drug-alcohol interaction.. PhD Thesis, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (2005).
26. Drummer O.H. Postmortem toxicology of drugs of abuse. Forensic Sci. Int. 2004, 142:101-113.