Assessing the resilience of irrigation agriculture: Applying a social-ecological model for understanding the mitigation of salinization

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1160-1171

  Altaweel, Mark ^a   Watanabe, Chikako E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Agent based modeling; Agriculture; Environment; Landscape; Mesopotamia; Salinization; Social ecological modeling

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; ARCHAEOLOGY; COPING STRATEGY; IRRIGATION; LANDSCAPE; SALINIZATION; SETTLEMENT HISTORY;

MESOPOTAMIA;

EID: 84856392414     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.020     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Adams R.M. The Land Behind Baghdad: A History of Settlement on the Diyala Plains 1965, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
2. Adams R.M. Strategies of maximization, stability, and resilience in Mesopotamia society, settlement, and agriculture. American Philosophical Society 1978, 122(5):329-335.
3. Al-Nakshabandi G.A., Ismail H.N. The transpiration of Mexipak wheat (Triticum aestivium L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science 1975, 84:231-237.
4. Al-Nakshabandi G.A., Kijne J.W. Potential evapotranspiration in central Iraq using the Penman method with modified wind function. Journal of Hydrology 1974, 23:319-328.
5. Altaweel M. Investigating agricultural sustainability and strategies in northern Mesopotamia: results produced using a socio-ecological modeling approach. Journal of Archaeological Science 2008, 35:821-835.
6. Araya A., Habtu S., Haile M., Sisay F., Dejenie T. Determination of local barley (Hordeium Vulgare) crop coefficient and comparative assessment of water productivity for crops grown under the present pond water in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 2011, 3(1):65-79.
7. Artzy M., Hillel D. Adefense of the theory of progressive soil salinization in ancient Mesopotamia. Geoarchaeology 1988, 3(3):235-238.
8. Barrett-Lennard E.G. Restoration of saline land through revegetation. Agricultural Water Management 2002, 53(1-3):213-226.
9. Barton C.M., Ullah I.I., Mitasova H. Computational modeling and Neolithic socioecological dynamics: a case study from Southwest Asia. American Antiquity 2010, 75:364-386.
10. Bonabeau E. Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002, 99:7280-7286.
11. Buringh P. Soils and Soil Conditions in Iraq 1960, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad.
12. Chhabra R. Soil Salinity and Water Quality 1996, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Brookfield, VT.
13. Chib S., Greenberg E. Understanding the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. American Statistician 1995, 49(4):327-335.
14. Doorenbos J., Kassam A.H. Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 1979, FAO, Rome.
15. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) FAO Corporate Document Repository 2011, (accessed 31.07.11.). http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4263E/y4263e0e.htm.
16. Fernea R.A. Shaykh and Effendi: Changing Patterns of Authority Among the ElShabana of Southern Iraq 1970, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
17. Foster B. Agriculture and accountability in Ancient Mesopotamia. The Origins of Cities in Dry-Farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium B.C 1986, 109-128. Four Quarters Press, Guildford. H. Weiss (Ed.).
18. Gibson M. Violation of fallow and engineered disaster in Mesopotamian civilization. Irrigation's Impact on Society 1974, 7-19. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. T.E. Downing, M. Gibson (Eds.).
19. Hritz C. Tracing settlement patterns and channel systems in southern Mesopotamia using remote sensing. Journal of Field Archaeology 2010, 35(2):184-203.
20. Issar A., Zohar M. Climate Change: Environment and Civilization in the Middle East 2004, Springer, Berlin.
21. Jacobsen T., Adams R.M. Salt and silt in ancient Mesopotamian agriculture. Science 1958, 128(3334):1251-1258.
22. Jacobsen, T., 1982. Salinity and Irrigation Agriculture in Antiquity. Diyala Basin Archaeological Report on the Essential Results, 1957-1958. Bibliotheca Mesopotamia 14. Udenda Publications, Malibu.
23. Jorenush M.H., Sepaskhah A.R. Modelling capillary rise and soil salinity for shallow saline water table under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Agricultural Water Management 2003, 61:125-141.
24. Kiani A.R., Mirlatifi S.M. Effect of different quantities of supplemental irrigation and its salinity on yield and water use of winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum). Irrigation and Drainage 2011, 10.1002/ird.629.
25. Lyle C.W., Mehanni A.H., Repsys A.P. Leaching rates under a perennial pasture irrigated with saline water. Irrigation Science 1986, 7:277-286.
26. Maas E.V., Hoffman G.J. Crop salt tolerance: current assessment. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Division 1977, 103:115-134.
27. Maeakawa K. Cereal cultivation in the Ur III period. Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 1984, 1:73-96.
28. Maekawa K. The development of é-Mí in Lagash during Early Dynastic III. Mesopotamia 1973-74, 8-9:77-144.
29. Maekawa K. Agricultural production in ancient Sumer: chiefly from Lagash materials. Zinbun 1974, 13:1-60.
30. Mitchel C.W. Investigation into the soils and agriculture of the lower Diyala area of eastern Iraq. The Geographic Journal 1959, 125(3/4):390-397.
31. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Environmental Data Rescue Program 2011, (accessed 31.07.11.). http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/data_rescue_iraq.html.
32. Powell M.A. Salt, seed and yields in Sumerian agriculture: a critique of the theory of progressive salinization. Zeitschrift der Assyrologie 1985, 75:7-38.
33. Poyck A.P.G. Farm Studies in Iraq: An Agro-Economic Study of the Hilla-Diwaniya Area 1962, vol. 62/1. Mededelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen, Wageningen.
34. Prendergast J.B. Amodel of crop yield response to irrigation water salinity: theory, testing and application. Irrigation Science 1993, 12:157-164.
35. Redman C.L. Human Impact on Ancient Environments 1999, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
36. Rengasamy P. World salinization with emphasis on Australia. Journal of Experimental Botany 2006, 57(5):1017-1023.
37. Royo A., Aragüés R. Validation of salinity crop production functions obtained with the triple line source sprinkler system. Agronomy Journal 1993, 85:795-800.
38. Singh M., Pabbi S., Bhattacharya A.K., Singh A.K. Nitrite accumulation in coastal clay soil of India under inadequate subsurface drainage. Agricultural Water Management 2007, 91:78-85.
39. Smedema L.K., Shiati K. Irrigation and salinity: A perspective of the salinity hazards of irrigation development in the arid zone. Irrigation and Drainage Systems 2002, 16(2):161-174.
40. Ullah I. AGIS method for assessing the zone of human-environment impact around archaeological sites: A test case from the Late Neolithic of Wadi Ziqlab, Jordan. Journal of Archaeological Science 2011, 38:623-632.
41. USGS Earth Explorer 2011, (accessed 31.07.11.). http://ecdcns.17.cr.usgs.gov/NewEarthExplorer/.
42. van Hoorn J.W. Salt movement, leaching efficiency, and leaching requirement. Agricultural Water Management 1981, 4:409-428.
43. von Bothmer R., Sato K., Komatsuda T., Yasuda S., Fishcbeck G. The domestication of cultivated barley. Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding 2003, 7:9-27.