The Effect of the Vertical Source Distribution on Scalar Statistics within and above a Forest Canopy

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 142, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 365-382

  Edburg, S L ^a   Stock, D ^a   Lamb, B K ^a   Patton, E G ^b  

^a Washington State University   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Biogenic volatile organic compounds; Dispersion; Forest canopy; Large eddy simulation; Scalar transport; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

BIOGENIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; FOREST CANOPIES; SCALAR CONCENTRATION; SCALAR TRANSPORT; SEGREGATION INTENSITY; SOURCE DISTRIBUTION; SOURCE LOCATION; TRACE-GASES;

ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; DISPERSION (WAVES); LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

FORESTRY;

AEROSOL; BOUNDARY LAYER; CANOPY EXCHANGE; FOREST CANOPY; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; MOMENTUM TRANSFER; POINT SOURCE; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; TRACE GAS; TURBULENCE; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION;

DISPERSIONS; FOREST CANOPY; SIMULATION; STATISTICS; TRACE ELEMENTS; TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE; VOC;

EID: 84856386512     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-011-9686-1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Auger L, Legras B (2007) Chemical segregation by heterogeneous emissions. Atmos Environ 41: 2303-2318.
2. Baldocchi DD, Meyers TP (1991) Trace gas-exchange above the floor of a a deciduous forest 1. Evaporation and CO2 efflux. J Geophys Res-Atmos 96: 7271-7285.
3. Baldocchi DD, Guenther A, Harley P et al (1995) The fluxes and air chemistry of isoprene above a deciduous hardwood forest. Philos Trans Roy Soc A 351: 279-296.
4. Bohm M, Raupach MR, Finnigan JJ (2000) The effect of scalar source distribution on eddy diffusivities and bulk transfer coefficients. In: Proceedings of 24th conference on Agricultural and forest meteorology, Davis, CA, USA.
5. Brown KW, Covey W (1966) The energy budget evaluation of the micrometeorology logical transfer processes within a cornfield. Agric For Meteorol 3: 73-96.
6. Cassini M, Radicchi A, Albertson JD (2007) Modelling of concentration fluctuations in canopy turbulence. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 122: 655-681.
7. Coppin PA, Raupach MR, Legg BJ (1986) Experiments on scalar dispersion within and model plant canopy 2: An elevated plane source. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 35: 167-191.
8. Deardorff JW (1980) Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 18: 495-527.
9. de Arellano JVG (2003) Bridging the gap between atmospheric physics and chemistry in studies of small scale turbulence. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 84: 51-56.
10. Denmead OT, Bradley EF (1987) On scalar transport in plant canopies. Irrig Sci 8: 131-149.
11. Finnigan JJ (2000) Turbulence in plant canopies. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 32: 519-571.
12. Finnigan JJ, Shaw RH (2008) Double-averaging methodology and its application to turbulent flow in and above vegetation canopies. Acta Geophys 56: 534-561.
13. Finnigan JJ, Shaw RH, Patton EG (2009) Turbulence structure above a vegetation canopy. J Fluid Mech 637: 387-424.
14. Fuentes JD, Wang D, Bowling DR et al (2007) Biogenic hydrocarbon chemistry within and above a mixed deciduous forest. J Atmos Chem 56: 165-185.
15. Gao W, Shaw R, Paw UKT (1989) Observation of organized structure in turbulent-flow within and above a forest canopy. Boundary-layer Meteorol 47: 349-377.
16. Guenther A, Baugh W, Davis K et al (1996) Isoprene fluxes measured by enclosure, relaxed eddy accumulation, surface layer gradient, mixed layer gradient, and mixed layer mass balance techniques. J Geophys Res-Atmos 101: 18555-18567.
17. Guenther A, Karl T, Harley P et al (2006) Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature). Atmos Chem Phys 6: 3181-3210.
18. Haugen DA, Kaimal JC, Bradley EF (1971) An experimental study of Reynolds stress and heat flux in the atmospheric boundary layer. Q J R Meteorol Soc 97: 349-377.
19. Jardine K, Harley P, Karl T et al (2008) Plant physiological and environmental controls over the exchange of acetaldehyde between forest canopies and the atmosphere. Biogeosciences 5: 1559-1572.
20. Karl T, Harley P, Guenther A et al (2005) The bi-directional exchange of oxygenated VOCs between a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation and the atmosphere. Atmos Chem Phys 5: 3015-3031.
21. Krol MC, Molemaker J, de Arellano JVG (2000) Effects of turbulence and heterogeneous emissions on the active species in the convective boundary layer. J Geophys Res 105: 6871-6884.
22. Lee XH, Black TA (1993) Atmospheric turbulence within and above a Douglas-Fir Stand 2. Eddy Fluxes of sensible heat and water vapor. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 64: 369-389.
23. Moeng CH (1984) A large eddy simulation model for the study of planetary boundary-layer turbulence. J Atmos Sci 41: 2052-2062.
24. Moeng C, Sullivan P (1994) A comparison of shear-driven and buoyancy-driven planetary boundary layers. J Atmos Sci 51: 999-1022.
25. Moeng C, Wyngaard J (1988) Spectral analysis of large eddy simulations of the convective boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 45: 3573-3587.
26. Patton EG, Davis KJ, Barth MC, Sullivan PP (2001) Decaying scalars emitted by a forest canopy: a numerical study. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 100: 91-129.
27. Patton E, Sullivan P, Davis K (2003) The influence of a forest canopy on top-down and bottom-up diffusion in the planetary boundary layer. Q J R Meteorol Soc 129: 1415-1434.
28. Patton E, Sullivan P, Moeng C (2005) The influence of idealized heterogeneity on wet and dry planetary boundary layers coupled to the land surface. J Atmos Sci 65: 2078-2097.
29. Pope S (2000) Turbulent flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 771 pp.
30. 2 exchange by eddy covariance and profile techniques. Agric For Meteorol 126: 141-155.
31. Raupach MR, Shaw RH (1982) Averaging procedures for flow within vegetation canopies. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 22: 79-90.
32. Raupach MR, Finnigan JJ, Brunet Y (1996) Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: the mixing layer analogy. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 78: 351-382.
33. Schmid HP, Su HB, Vogel CS, Curtis, PS (2003) Ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide over a mixed hardwood forest in northern lower Michigan. J Geophys Res-Atmos. doi: 10. 1029/2002JD003011.
34. Shaw RH, Schumann U (1992) Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow above and within a forest. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 61: 47-64.
35. Shen S, Leclerc M (1997) Modelling the turbulence structure in the canopy layer. Agric For Meteorol 87: 3-25.
36. Spalart P, Moser R, Rogers M (1991) Spectral methods for the Navier-Stokes equations with one infinite and two periodic directions. J Comput Phys 96: 297-324.
37. 2) in a tropical wet forest: implications for tropospheric chemistry. Oecologia 127: 214-221.
38. Su HB, Shaw R, Paw UK, Moeng C, Sullivan P (1998) Turbulence statistics of neutrally stratified flow within and above a sparse forest from large eddy simulations and field observations. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 88: 363-397.
39. 3. In: Proceedings of 18th American Meteorological Society, Stockholm, Sweden, June 2008.
40. Sullivan PP, Patton EG (2011) The effect of mesh resolution on convective boundary layer statistics and structures generated by large-eddy simulation. J Atmos Sci 68: 2395-2415.
41. Thom AS (1971) Momentum absorption by vegetation. Q J R Meteorol Soc 97: 414-428.