The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanic sequences of Berrechid and Doukkala basins (Western Meseta, Morocco): Volcanology and geochemistry;As sequências vulcânicas da província magmática do Atlântico Central (CAMP) das bacias de berrechid e Doukkala (Meseta Ocidental de Marrocos): Vulcanologia e geoquímica

Comunicacoes Geologicas

Volumn 98, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 15-27

  Bensalah, M K ^a,b   Youbi, N ^a,b,c   Mahmoudi, A ^d   Bertrand, H ^e   Mata, J ^b,f   El Hachimi, H E ^a   Madeira, J ^f   Martins, L ^b,f   Marzoli, A ^g   Bellon, H ^h   Medina, F ⁱ   Karroum, M ^a   Karroum, L A ^a   Abbou, M Ben ^j  

^a FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES SEMLALIA   (Morocco)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LISBON   (Portugal)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH   (Morocco)

^d MOULAY ISMAIL UNIVERSITY   (Morocco)

^e UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^f UNIVERSITY OF LISBON   (Portugal)

^g UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^h UNIVERSITÉ EUROPÉENNE DE BRETAGNE   (France)

ⁱ Institut Scientifique   (Morocco)

^j SIDI MOHAMED BEN ABDELLAH UNIVERSITY   (Morocco)

more..

Author keywords

Berrechid and Doukkala basins; Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP); Geochemistry; Morocco; Physical volcanology

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCE; EMPLACEMENT; IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; JURASSIC; LAVA FLOW; MAGMATISM; PAHOEHOE; TRACE ELEMENT; TRIASSIC; VOLCANIC ERUPTION; VOLCANOLOGY; CLINOPYROXENE; PLAGIOCLASE; THOLEIITE;

ARGANA BASIN; ATLAS MOUNTAINS; CHAOUIA-OUARDIGHA; GUELMIM-ES SMARA; HIGH ATLAS; MESETA; MOROCCO;

EID: 84856343076     PISSN: 0873948X     EISSN: 1647581X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Albarède, F., 1992. How deep do common basaltic magmas form and differentiate? Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 10997-11009.
2. Alibert, C., 1985. A Sr-Nd isotope and REE study of late Triassic dolerites from the Pyrenées (France) and the Messejana Dyke (Spain and Portugal). Earth Planetary Science Letters, 73, 81-90.
3. Aubele, J. C., Crumpler, L. S., Elston, W. E., 1988. Vesicle zonation and vertical structure of basalt flows. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 35, 349-374.
4. Bertrand, H., 1991. The Mesozoic tholeiitic province of northwest Africa: a volcano-tectonic record of the early opening of Central Atlantic. In: Kampuzu, A. B., Lubala, R. T. (Eds.) Magmatism in Extensional Structural Setting. The Phanerozoic African Plate. Springer, Berlin, 147-188.
5. Bertrand, H., Dostal, J., Dupuy, C., 1982. Geochemistry of Mesozoic tholeiites from Morocco. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, 58, 225-239.
6. Biron, P., 1983. Le Permo-Trias de la région de l'Ourika, Haut Atlas de Marrakech, Maroc. Bulletin de la Faculté des Sciences de Marrakech, Section Sciences de la Terre, 1, 22-23.
7. Bondre, N. R., Duraiswami, R. A., Dole, G., 2004a. A brief comparison of lava flows from the Deccan volcanic province and the Columbia-Oregon Plateau flood basalts: Implications for models of flood basalt emplacement. In: Sheth, H. C., Pande, K. (Eds.) Magmatism in India through Time. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, Earth & Planetary Sciences, 113, 809-817.
8. Bondre, N. R., Duraiswami, R. A., Dole, G., 2004b. Morphology and emplacement of flows from the Deccan volcanic province, India. Bulletin of Volcanology, 66, 29-45.
9. Caroff, M., Bellon, H., Chauris, L., Carron, J.-P., Chevrier, S., Gardinier, A., Cotten, J., Le Moan, Y., Neidhart, Y., 1995. Magmatisme fissural Triasico-Liasique dans l'ouest du Massif Armoricain (France): pétrologie, géochimie, âge, et modalités de la mise en place. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences, 32, 1921-1936.
10. Cebriá, J.M., LópezRruiz, J., Doblas, M., Martins, L.T., Munhá, J., 2003. Geochemistry of the Early Jurassic Messejana-Plasencia dyke (Portugal-Spain); Implications on the Origin of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Journal of Petrology, 44, 547-568.
11. Chabou, M. C., Bertrand, H., Sebaï, A., 2010. Geochemistry of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in south-western Algeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 58, 211-219.
12. Cirilli, S., Marzoli, A., Tanner, L., Bertrand, H., Buratti, N., Jourdan, F., Bellieni, G., Kontak, D., Renne, P. R., 2009. Latest Triassic onset of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism in the Fundy Basin (Nova Scotia): new stratigraphic constraints. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 286, 514-525.
13. Cohen, A. S., Coe, A. L., 2007. The impact of the Central Atlantic magmatic province on climate and on the Sr- and Os-isotope evolution of seawater. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 244, 374-390.
14. Coish, R. A., Sinton, C. W., 1992. Geochemistry of mafic dikes in the Adirondack mountains: implications for late Proterozoic continental rifting. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 110, 500-514.
15. Coltice, N., Phillips, B.R., Bertrand, H., Ricard, Y., Rey, P., 2007. Global warming of the mantle at the origin of flood basalts over supercontinents. Geology, 35, 391-394.
16. Coltice, N., Bertrand, H., Rey, P., Jourdan, F., Phillips, B.R., Ricard, Y., 2009. Global warming of the mantle beneath continents back to the Archaean. Gondwana Research, 15, 254-266.
17. Cotten, J., Le Dez, A., Bau, M., Caroff, M., Maury, R. C., Dulski, P., Fourcade, S., Bohn, M., Brousse, R., 1995. Origin of anomalous rareearth element and yttrium enrichments in subaerially exposed basalts: Evidence from French Polynesia. Chemical Geology, 119, 115-138.
18. Dalrymple, G. B., Gromme, C. S., White, R. W., 1975. Potassium-argon age and paleomagnetism of diabase dikes in Liberia: initiation of central Atlantic rifting. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 86, 399-411.
19. De Boer, J., Mchone, J. G., Puffer, J. H., Ragland, P. C., Whittington, D. W., 1988. Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatism. In: Sheridan, R. E., Grow, G. A. (Eds.) The Atlantic continental margin, U.S. The Geology of North America, Geological Society of America, 12, Boulder, Colorado, 217-241.
20. De Pachtere, P., 1983. Le volcanisme permien et fini-triasique dans le Haut Atlas de Marrakech (Maroc): Approche pétrologique et géochimique. Thèse de Doctorat de 3ème cycle non publiée, Université. Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble, Grenoble, 203.
21. Deckart, K., Feraud, G., Bertrand, H., 1997. Age of Jurassic continental tholeiites of French Guyana, Surinam and Guinea: implications for the initial opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 150, 205-220.
22. Deckart, K., Bertrand, H., Liegeois, J. P., 2005. Geochemistry and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic composition of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in Guyana and Guinea. Lithos, 81, 289-314.
23. Demant, A., Morata, D., 1996. Les dolérites tholéiitiques de Gaujacq et St.-Pandelon (Landes, France). Pétrologie, géochimie et cadre géodynamique. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 167, 321-333.
24. Demin, A., Piccirillo, E. M., Marzoli, A., Bellieni, G., Renne, P. R., Ernesto, M., Marques, L., 2003. The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in Brazil: petrology, geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar ages, paleomagnetism and geodynamic implications. In: Hames, W. E., Mchome, J. G., Renne, P. R., Ruppel, C. (Eds.) The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangea. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph Series, 136, 209-226.
25. Destombes, J., Jeannette, A., 1966. Mémoire explicatif de la carte géotechnique de la Meseta côtière à l'Est de Casablanca. Régions de Mohammedia, Bouznika et Ben Slimane. Notes et Mémoires Service géologique Maroc, 180, Rabat, 1-104.
26. Doblas, M., Lopez-Ruiz, J., Cebriá, J. M., Youbi, N., Degroote, E., 2002. Mantle insulation beneath the West African craton during the Precambrian-Cambrian transition. Geology, 30, 839-842.
27. Dupuy, C., Dostal, J., 1984. Trace element of some continental tholeiites. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, 67, 61-69.
28. Dupuy, C., Marsh, J., Dostal, J., Michard, A., Testa, S., 1988. Astenospheric and lithospheric sources for Mesozoic dolerites from Liberia (Africa): trace element and isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 87, 100-110.
29. El-Arabi, E. H., 2007. La série permienne et triasique du rift hautatlasique: nouvelles datations; évolution tectono-sédimentaire, Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat non publiée. Université Hassan II Aïn Chok, Casablanca, 225.
30. El-Hachimi, H., Youbi, N., Madeira, J., Martins, L., Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Bellieni, G., Callegaro, S., Mata, J., Munhá, J. M., Medina, F., Mahmoudi, A., Bensalah, M. K., Ben Abbou, M., 2010. Morphologies and emplacement mechanisms of the lava flows of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) of Morocco. II Central & North Atlantic Conjugate Margins Conference - Lisbon 2010. Re-Discovering the Atlantic, New winds for an old sea -Lisbon, Portugal, 96-100.
31. El-Hachimi, H., Youbi, N., Madeira, J., Bensalah, M. K., Martins, L., Mata, J., Bertrand, H., Marzoli, A., Medina, F., Munhá, J., Bellieni, J., Mahmoudi, A., Ben Abbou, M., Assafar, H., 2011. Morphology, internal architecture, and emplacement mechanisms of lava flows from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) of Argana basin (Morocco). In: Van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., Buiter, S., Torsvik, T. H., Gaina, C., Webb, S. (Eds.) Out of Africa - a synopsis of 3.8 Ga of Earth History. The Geological Society of London Special Publication, 357, 167-193.
32. El-Wartiti, M., Medina, F., Fadli, D., 1992. Effects of the Central Atlantic Early Rifting in the Northern border of the Berrechid-El-Gara basin (Morocco). GAIA, Revista de Geociências, 4, 31-38.
33. Ernst, R. E., Bleeker, W., 2010. Large igneous provinces (LIPs), giant dyke swarms, and mantle plumes: significance for breakup events within Canada and adjacent regions from 2.5 Ga to present. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 47, 695-739.
34. Fiechtner, L., Friedrichsen, H., Hammerschmidt, K., 1992. Geochemistry and geochronology of Early Mesozoic tholeiites from Central Morocco. Geologische Rundschau, 81, 45-62.
35. Girard, D., 1987. Géochimie et minéralogie des laves triasiques de la Meseta Côtière. Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique de Rabat, 11, 37-46.
36. Girard, D., Bellon, H., Maury, R. C., 1989. Géochimie, datations et épisode hydrothermal du volcanisme triasique de la Meseta côtière marocaine. Colloque de Géologie Franco-Marocain, Strasbourg, France, 116.
37. Goff, F., 1996. Vesicle cylinders in vapor-differentiated basalt flows. Journal Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 71, 167-185.
38. Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Smith, A. G., 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, and the official website of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) at www.stratigraphy.org.
39. Hafid, M., Tari, G., Bouhadioui, D., El-Moussaid, I., Echarfaoui, H., Aïtsalem, A., Nahim, M., Dakki, M., 2008. Atlantic Basins. In: Michard, A., Frizon De Lamotte, D., Saddiqi, O., Chalouan, A. (Eds.): Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 116, 303-329.
40. Hames, W. E., Renne, P. R., Ruppel, C., 2000. New evidence for geologically instantaneous emplacement of earliest Jurassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province basalts on the North American margin. Geology, 28, 859-862.
41. Hamid, W., 2003. Sédimentation et volcanisme du Trias supérieur- Jurassique inférieur de la Meseta occidentale (région de Mohammedia, Maroc). Diplôme des Etudes Supérieures Spécialisées non publié. Université Hassan II-MohammediaBen M'Sik, Casablanca, 65.
42. Hoernle, K., 1998. Geochemistry of Jurassic Oceanic Crust beneath Gran Canaria (Canary Islands): Implications for Crustal Recycling and Assimilation, Journal of Petrology, 39, 859-880.
43. Hofmann, A., Tourani, A., Gaupp, R., 2000. Cyclicity of Triassic to Lower Jurassic continental red beds of the Argana Valley, Morocco: implications for paleoclimate and basin evolution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 161, 229-266.
44. Hon, K., Kauahikaua, J., Denlinger, R., Mackay, K., 1994. Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows: observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106, 351-370.
45. Janney, Ph. E., Castillo, P. R., 2001. Geochemistry of the oldest Atlantic oceanic crust suggests mantle plume involvement in the early history of the central Atlantic Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 192, 291-302.
46. Jay, A. E., Widdowson, M., 2008. Stratigraphy, structure and volcanology of the SE Deccan Continental Flood Basalt province: implications for eruptive extent and volumes. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 165, 177-188.
47. Jerram, D. A., 2002. Volcanology and facies architecture of flood basalts. In: Menzies, M. A., Klemperer, S. L., Ebinger, C. J., Baker, J. (Eds.) Volcanic Rifted Margins. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 362, 121-135.
48. Jerram, D. A., Mountney, N., Stollhofen, H., 1999a. Facies architecture of the Etjo Sandstone Formation and its interaction with the Basal Etendeka food basalts of NW Namibia: Implications for offshore analogues. In: Cameron, N., Bate, R., Clure, V. (Eds.) The oil and gas habitats of the South Atlantic. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 153, 367-380.
49. Jerram, D. A., Mountney, N., Holzförster, F., Sollhofen, H., 1999b. Internal stratigraphic relationships in the Etendeka Group in the Huab Basin, NW Namibia: Understanding the onset of food volcanism. Journal of Geodynamics, 28, 393-418.
50. Jourdan, F., Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Cirilli, S., Tanner, L. H., Kontak, D. J., Mchone, G., Renne, P. R., Bellieni, G., 2009. 40Ar/39Ar ages of CAMP in North America: implications for the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and the 40K decay constant bias. Lithos, 110, 167-180.
51. Keszthelyi, L., Self, S., Thordarson, T., 1999. Application of recent studies on the emplacement of basaltic lava flows to the Deccan Traps. In: Subbarao, K. V. (Ed.) Deccan Volcanic Province. Memoir Geological Society of India, 43, 485-520.
52. Klitgord, K. D., Schouten, H., 1986. Plate kinematics of the Central Atlantic. In: Tucholke, B. E., Vogt, P. R. (Eds.) The Geology of North America. Volume 1000, The Western Atlantic Region. A Decade of North American Geology. Volume 1. Geological Society of America, 1, 351-378.
53. Knight, K. B., Nomade, S., Renne, P. R., Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Youbi, N., 2004. The Central Atlantic magmatic province at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary: paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar evidence from Morocco for brief, episodic volcanism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 228, 143-160.
54. Kontak, D. J., 2008. On the edge of CAMP: Geology and volcanology of the Jurassic North Mountain Basalt, Nova Scotia. In: Dostal, J., Greenough, J. D., Kontak, D. J. (Eds) Rift-related Magmatism, Lithos, 101, 74-101.
55. Le Bas, M. J., Le Maitre, R., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., 1986. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali silica diagram. Journal of Petrology, 27, 745-750.
56. Lyazidi, A., El-Wartiti, M., Fadli, D., 2003. Evolution géodynamique du bassin triasico-liasique de Berrechid - El-Gara - Ben Slimane: Dynamique sédimentaire et géométrie des dépôts (Meseta nord occidentale, Maroc). Pangea, 39/40, 23-36.
57. Mahmoudi, A., Bertrand, H., 2007. Identification géochimique de la province magmatique de l'Atlantique central en domaine plissé: exemple du Moyen Atlas marocain. Comptes Rendus Géoscience, 339, 545-552.
58. Manspeizer, W., 1988. Triassic-Jurassic rifting and opening of the Atlantic; an overview. In: Manspeizer, W. (Ed.): Triassic-Jurassic rifting, Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins. Developments in Geotectonics, 22, 41-79.
59. Manspeizer, W., Puffer, J. H., Cousmier, H. L., 1978. Separation of Morocco and Eastern North America: A Triassic-Liassic stratigraphic record. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 89, 901-920.
60. Martins, L. T., Madeira, J., Youbi, N., Munhá, J., Mata, J., Kerrich, R., 2008. Rift-related magmatism of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province in Algarve, Southern Portugal. In: Dostal, J., Greenough, J. D., Kontak, D. J. (Eds.) Rift-related Magmatism, Lithos, 101, 102-124.
61. Marzoli, A., Renne, P. R., Piccirillo, E. M., Ernesto, M., Bellieni, G., Dein, A., 1999. Extensive 200 million-year-old continental flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Science, 284, 616-618.
62. Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Knight, K., Cirilli, S., Buratti, N., Verati, C., Nomade, S., Renne, P. R., Youbi, N., Martini, R., Allenbach, K., Neuwerth, R., Rapaille, C., Zaninetti, L., Bellieni, G., 2004. Synchrony of the Central Atlantic Magmatic province and the Triassic-Jurassic boundary climatic and biotic crisis. Geology, 32, 973-976.
63. Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Chiaradia, M., Fontignie, D., Youbi, N., Bellieni, G., 2006. The genesis of CAMP basalts (Morocco) from enriched lithosphere to late asthenosphere mantle sources. 2006 Goldschmidt Conference, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 18, A396.
64. Mchone, J. G., 1996. Broad-terrane Jurassic flood basalts across northeastern North America. Geology, 24, 319-322.
65. Mchone, J. G., 2000. Non-plume magmatism and tectonics during the opening of the central Atlantic Ocean. Tectonophysics, 316, 287-296.
66. Meddah, A., Bertrand, H., Elmi, S., 2007. La province magmatique de l'Atlantique Central dans le basin des Ksour (Atlas saharien, Algérie). Comptes Rendus Géoscience, 339, 24-30.
67. Medina, F., 1995. Syn and postrift evolution of the El-Jadida-Agadir basin (Morocco): constraints for the rifting modEl-of the Central Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 1273-1291.
68. Medina, F., 2000. Structural styles of the Moroccan Triassic basins. Epicontinental Triassic International Symposium. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I, 9-10, 1167-1192.
69. Miyashiro, A., 1978. Nature of alkalic volcanic rocks series. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66, 91-104.
70. Montes-Lauar, C. R., Pacca, I. G., Melfi, A. J., Piccirillo, E. M., Bellieni, G., Petrini, R., Rizzieri, R., 1994. The Anari and Tapirapua Jurassic formations, western Brazil: paleomagnetism, geochemistry and geochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 128, 357-371.
71. Nomade, S., Knight, K. B., Beutel, E., Renne, P. R., Verati, C., Feraud, G., Marzoli, A., Youbi, N., Bertrand, H., 2007. Chronology of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Implications for the Central Atlantic rifting processes and the Triassic-Jurassic biotic crisis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 244, 326-344.
72. Olivet, J. L., Bonnin, J., Benzart, P., Auzende, J. M., 1984. Cinématique de l'Atlantique nord et central. Rapports scientifiques et techniques du CNEXO, Publications Centre National pour l'Exploitation des Océans, 54, 1-108.
73. Olsen, P. E., Kent, D. V., Fowell, S. J., Schilische, R. W., Withjack, M. O., Le Tourneau, P.M., 2000. Implications of a comparison of the stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Argana (Morocco) and Fundy (Nova Scotia, Canada) Permian-Jurassic basins. In: Oujidi, M. and Et-Touhami, M. (Eds) Le Permien et le Trias du Maroc. Actes de la Première et la Deuxième Réunion du Groupe Marocain du Permien et du Trias, Oujda, Morocco, 165-183.
74. O'Reilly, S. Y., Griffin, W. L., 2000. Apatite in the mantle: implications for metasomatic processes and high heat production in Phanerozoic mantle. Lithos, 53, 217-232.
75. Oyarzun, R., Doblas, M., Lopez-Ruiz, J., Cebriá, J. M., 1997. Opening of the central Atlantic and asymetric mantle upwelling phenomena: Implications for long-lived magmatism in western North Africa and Europe. Geology, 25, 727-730.
76. Pearce, J. A., Cann, J. R., 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, 290-300.
77. Pegram, W. J., 1990. Development of continental lithospheric mantle as reflected in the chemistry of the Mesozoic Appalachian tholeiites, USA. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 97, 316-331.
78. Peretsman, G., 1985. A geochemical and petrographic Analysis of Early Mesozoic Evaporites from Morocco: implications for the history of the North Atlantic Rift. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Oregon, 87.
79. Peretsman, G., Holser, W. T., 1988. Geochemistry of Moroccan evaporites in the setting of the North Atlantic Rift. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 7, 375-38.
80. Piqué, A., Laville, E., 1996. The Central Atlantic rifting: reactivation of Paleozoic structures? Journal of Geodynamics, 21, 235-255.
81. Puffer, J. H., 1992. Eastern North American Flood Basalts. In: Puffer, J. H., Ragland, P. C. (Eds.) Eastern North American Mesozoic Magmatism. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 268, 95-118.
82. Puffer, J. H., 2003. A reactivated back-arc source for CAMP Magma. In: Hames, W.E., McHone, J.G., Renne, P.R., Ruppel, C. (Eds) The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangea. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph Series, 136, 151-162.
83. Rudnick, R. L., Fountain, D. M., 1995. Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective. Review of Geophysics, 33, 267-309.
84. Sahabi, M., Aslanian, D., Olivet, J. L., 2004. Un nouveau point de depart pour l'histoire de l'Atlantique Central. Comptes Rendus Géoscience, 33, 1041-1052.
85. Salvan, H. M., 1984. Les formations évaporitiques du Trias marocain. Problèmes stratigraphiques, paléogéographiques et paléoclimatologiques. Quelques réflexions. Revue de Géographie Physique et de Géologie Dynamique, 25, 187-203.
86. Schmincke, H.-U., Klügel, A., Hansteen, T. H., Hoernle, K., Bogaard, P. A., 1998. Samples from the Jurassic ocean crust beneath Gran Canaria, La Palma and Lazarote (Canary Islands). Earth and Planet. Science Letters, 163, 343-360.
87. Sebaï, A., Feraud, G., Bertrand, H., Hanes, J., 1991. 40Ar/39Ar dating and geochemistry of tholeiitic magmatism related to the early opening of the central Atlantic rift. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 104, 455-472.
88. Self, S., Thordarson, T., Keszthelyi, L., 1997. Emplacement of continental flood basalt lava flows. In: Mahoney, J. J., Coffin, M. F. (Eds.) Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph Series, 100, 381-410.
89. Self, S., Keszthelyi, L., Thordarson, T., 1998. The importance of pahoehoe. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 26, 81-110.
90. Sun, S. S., Mcdonough, W. F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders, A. D., Norry, M. J. (Eds.) Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42, 313-345.
91. Taylor, S. R., McLennan, S. M., 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312.
92. Thompson, G. A., 1998. Deep Mantle Plumes and Geoscience Vision. Geological Society of America Today, 8, 4, 17-25.
93. Thordarson, T., Self, S., 1998. The Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Group: A gigantic pahoehoe lava flow field formed by endogenous processes? Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 27411-27445.
94. Verati, C., Rapaille, C., Feraud, G., Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H., Youbi, N., 2007. 40Ar/39Ar ages and duration of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism in Morocco and Portugal and its relation to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 244, 308-325.
95. Verati, C., Bertrand, H., Feraud, G., 2005. The farthest record of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province into West Africa Craton: precise 40Ar/39Ar dating and geochemistry of Taoudenni basin intrusives (northern Mali). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235, 391-407.
96. Waichel, P. L., Lima, E. F., Lubachesky, R., Sommer, C. A., 2006. Pahoehoe flows from the central Paraná Continental Flood Basalts. Bulletin of Volcanology, 68, 599-610.
97. Walker, G. P. L., 1971. Compound and simple lava flows and flood basalts. Bulletin Volcanologique, 35, 579-590.
98. Westphal, M., Montigny, R., Thuizat, R., Bardon, C., Bossert, A., Hamzeh, R., Rolley, J. P., 1979. Paléomagnétisme et datation du volcanisme permien, triasique et crétacé du Maroc. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16, 2150-2164.
99. Whitehead, P. W., Stephenson, P. J., 1998. Lava rise ridges of the Toomba basalt flow, north Queensland. Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 27371-27382.
100. Whittington, D., 1988a. Chemical and physical constraints on petrogenesis and emplacement of ENA olivine diabase magma type. In: Manspeizer, W. (Ed.) Triassic-Jurassic rifting: Continental breakup and the origin of the Atlantic Ocean and passive margins. Developments in Geotectonics, 22, 557-577.
101. Whittington, D., 1988b. Mesozoic Diabase Dikes of North Carolina. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. The Florida State University, Florida,452.
102. Wilson, M., 1997. Thermal evolution of the Central Atlantic passive margins: continental break-up above a Mesozoic super-plume. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 154, 491-495.
103. Winchester, J. A. and Floyd, P. A., 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20, 325-343.
104. Withjack, M. O., Schlische, R., Olsen, P. E., 1998. Diachronous rifting, drifting, and inversion on the passive margin of central eastern north america: an analog for other passive margins. Association of the American Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 82, 817-835.
105. Yale, L. B., Carpenter, S. J., 1998. Large igneous provinces and giant dike swarms: proxies for supercontinent cyclicity and mantle convection. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 163, 109-122.
106. Youbi, N., Martins, L. T., Munhá, J. M., Ibouh, H., Madeira, J., Ait-Chayeb, H., El-Boukhari, A., 2003. The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Volcanism of Morocco and Portugal in the Framework of the Central Atlantic Magmatic province: An Overview. In: Hames, W. E., Machone, J. G., Renne, P. R., Ruppel, C. (Eds.) The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangea. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph Series, 136, 179-207.
107. Zühlke, R., Bouaouda, M.S., Ouajhain, B., Bechstädt, T., Leinfelder, R., 2004. Quantitative Meso-Cenozoic development of the eastern Central Atlantic continental shelf, western High Atlas, Morocco. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21, 225-276.