The variable nature of cognitive control: A dual mechanisms framework

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 106-113

  Braver, Todd S ^a,b  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN NETWORKS; COGNITIVE CONTROL; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; CORE COMPONENTS; DUAL MECHANISMS; INTRINSIC VARIABILITIES; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; REACTIVE CONTROL; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS;

COGNITIVE SYSTEMS;

QUALITY CONTROL;

BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; REVIEW; THINKING; WORKING MEMORY;

COGNITION; GOALS; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; THINKING;

EID: 84856318346     PISSN: 13646613     EISSN: 1879307X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.010     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Miller E.K., Cohen J.D. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 21:167-202.
2. Engle R.W., Kane M.J. Executive attention, working memory capacity, and a two-factor theory of cognitive control. Psychol. Learn. Motiv. 2003, 44:145-199.
3. Goldman-Rakic P.S. The prefrontal landscape: implications of functional architecture for understanding human mentation and the central executive. The Prefrontal Cortex: Executive and Cognitive Functions 1996, 87-103. Oxford University Press. A.C. Roberts (Ed.).
4. O'Reilly R.C. Biologically based computational models of high-level cognition. Science 2006, 314:91-94.
5. Botvinick M.M., et al. Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychol. Rev. 2001, 108:624-652.
6. Monsell S., Driver J. Control of Cognitive Processes: Attention and Performance 2000, Vol. XVIII. MIT Press.
7. Koechlin E., Summerfield C. An information theoretical approach to prefrontal executive function. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2007, 11:229-235.
8. Smith E.E., Jonides J. Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science 1999, 283:1657-1661.
9. Miyake A., et al. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex " frontal lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cognit. Psychol. 2000, 41:49-100.
10. Koechlin E., et al. The architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Science 2003, 302:1181-1185.
11. Stuss D.T., Alexander M.P. Is there a dysexecutive syndrome?. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2007, 362:901-915.
12. Petrides M. Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2005, 360:781-795.
13. Banich M.T. Executive function: the search for an integrated account. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2009, 18:89-94.
14. Badre D. Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro-caudal organization of the frontal lobes. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2008, 12:193-200.
15. Braver T.S., Ruge H. Functional neuroimaging of executive functions. Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition 2006, 307-347. MIT Press. R. Cabeza, A. Kingstone (Eds.).
16. Braver T.S., et al. Explaining the many varieties of working memory variation: dual mechanisms of cognitive control. Variation in Working Memory 2007, 76-106. Oxford University Press. A. Conway (Ed.).
17. Braver T.S., et al. Flexible neural mechanisms of cognitive control within human prefrontal cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:7351-7356.
18. Jacoby L.L., et al. The role of cognitive control: early selection versus late correction. Dual Process Theories in Social Psychology 1999, 383-400. Guilford Press. S. Chaiken, E. Trope (Eds.).
19. Braver T.S., Cohen J.D. Dopamine, cognitive control, and schizophrenia: the gating model. Prog. Brain Res. 1999, 121:327-349.
20. Braver, T.S. and Cohen, J.D. (2000) On the control of control: the role of dopamine in regulating prefrontal function and working memory. In Attention and Performance (Vol. XVIII) (Monsell, S.and Driver, J., eds), pp. 713-738, MIT Press.
21. Burgess G.C., Braver T.S. Neural mechanisms of interference control in working memory: effects of interference expectancy and fluid intelligence. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:e12861.
22. Jonides J., Nee D.E. Brain mechanisms of proactive interference in working memory. Neuroscience 2006, 139:181-193.
23. D'Esposito M., et al. The neural substrate and temporal dynamics of interference effects in working memory as revealed by event-related functional MRI. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96:7514-7519.
24. Speer N.K., et al. Strategy-dependent changes in memory: effects on brain activity and behavior. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2003, 3:155-167.
25. Savine A.C., Braver T.S. Motivated cognitive control: reward incentives modulate preparatory neural activity during task-switching. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:10294.
26. Braver T.S., et al. Neural mechanisms of transient and sustained cognitive control during task switching. Neuron 2003, 39:713-726.
27. Duncan J., et al. Intelligence and the frontal lobe: the organization of goal-directed behavior. Cogn. Psychol. 1996, 30:257-303.
28. Kane M.J., Engle R.W. The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2002, 9:637-671.
29. Jimura K., et al. Prefrontal cortex mediation of cognitive enhancement in rewarding motivational contexts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:8871-8876.
30. Depue R.A., Collins P.F. Neurobiology of the structure of personality: dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behav. Brain Sci. 1999, 22:491-569.
31. Locke H.S., Braver T.S. Motivational influences on cognitive control: behavior, brain activation, and individual differences. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2008, 8:99-112.
32. Savine A.C., et al. Enhancement of cognitive control by approach and avoidance motivational states. Cogn. Emot. 2010, 24:338-356.
33. Fales C.L., et al. Anxiety and cognitive efficiency: differential modulation of transient and sustained neural activity during a working memory task. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2008, 8:239-253.
34. Braver T.S., et al. Context processing in older adults: evidence for a theory relating cognitive control to neurobiology in healthy aging. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 2001, 130:746-763.
35. Chatham C.H., et al. Pupillometric and behavioral markers of a developmental shift in the temporal dynamics of cognitive control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:5529-5533.
36. Barch D.M., et al. Selective deficits in prefrontal cortex function in medication-naive patients with schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2001, 58:280-288.
37. Braver T.S., et al. Context processing and context maintenance in healthy aging and early-stage dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Psychol. Aging 2005, 20:33-46.
38. Paxton J.L., et al. Cognitive control, goal maintenance, and prefrontal function in healthy aging. Cereb. Cortex 2008, 18:1010-1028.
39. Edwards B.G., et al. Improving prefrontal cortex function in schizophrenia through focused training of cognitive control. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2010, 4:1-12.
40. Lorsbach T.C., Reimer J.F. Developmental differences in cognitive control: goal representation and maintenance during a continuous performance task. J. Cogn. Dev. 2010, 11:185-216.
41. Iselin A.M.R., DeCoster J. Reactive and proactive control in incarcerated and community adolescents and young adults. Cogn. Dev. 2009, 24:192-206.
42. Andrews-Hanna J.R., et al. Cognitive control in adolescence: neural underpinnings and relation to self-report behaviors. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e21598.
43. Bailey K., et al. A negative association between video game experience and proactive cognitive control. Psychophysiology 2010, 47:34-42.
44. Burgess G.C., et al. Attentional control activation relates to working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 67:632-640.
45. West R., et al. The influence of negative affect on the neural correlates of cognitive control. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2010, 76:107-117.
46. Czernochowski D., et al. On why not to rush older adults: relying on reactive cognitive control can effectively reduce errors at the expense of slowed responses. Psychophysiology 2010, 47:637-646.
47. Paxton J.L., et al. Effects of environmental support and strategy training on older adults' use of context. Psychol. Aging 2006, 21:499-509.
48. Cowan N. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: a reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behav. Brain Sci. 2001, 24:87-185.
49. McElree B. Working memory and focal attention. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 2001, 27:817-835.
50. Oberauer K. Access to information in working memory: exploring the focus of attention. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 2002, 28:411-421.
51. Kliegel M., McDaniel M.A. Prospective Memory: Cognitive, Neuroscience, Developmental, and Applied Perspectives 2008, Lawrence Erlbaum.
52. Bugg J.M., et al. Why it is too early to lose control in accounts of item-specific proportion congruency effects. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 2011, 37:844-859.
53. De Pisapia N., et al. Functional specializations in lateral prefrontal cortex associated with the integration and segregation of information in working memory. Cereb. Cortex 2007, 17:993-1006.
54. Ullsperger M., King J.A. Proactive and reactive recruitment of cognitive control: comment on Hikosaka and Isoda. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2010, 14:191.
55. De Pisapia N., Braver T.S. A model of dual control mechanisms through anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex interactions. Neurocomputing 2006, 69:1322-1326.
56. Reynolds J.R., et al. Computational and neural mechanisms of task switching. Neurocomputing 2006, 69:1332-1336.
57. Bugg J.M., et al. Revealing list-level control in the Stroop task by uncovering its benefits and a cost. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 2011, 37:1595-1606.
58. Braver T.S., et al. Vive les differences! Individual variation in neural mechanisms of executive control. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2010, 20:242-250.
59. Bilder R.M., et al. The catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism: Relations to the tonic-phasic dopamine hypothesis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:1943-1961.