Prevention of overuse injuries in young baseball pitchers

Sports Health

Volumn 1, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 514-517

  Parks, Eric D ^a   Ray, Tracy R ^a  

^a Andrews Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Apophysitis; Overuse; Pitch counts; Youth pitchers' injuries

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856305568     PISSN: 19417381     EISSN: 19410921     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1941738109343543     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Albright, JA, Jokl P, Shaw R, Albright JP. Clinical study of baseball pitchers: correlation of injury to the throwing arm with method of delivery. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6:15-21.
2. Andrews JR, Fleisig GS. How many pitches should I allow my child to throw? USA Baseball News. April 1996:5.
3. Andrews JR, Fleisig GS. Preventing throwing injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;27:187-188.
4. Clabbers KM, Kelly JD, Bader D, et al. Effect of posterior capsule tightness on glenohumeral translation in the late-cocking phase of pitching. J Sport Rehabil. 2007;16:41-49.
5. Dillman CJ, Smutz P, Werner S, et al. Valgus extension overload in baseball pitching [abstract]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(suppl 4):S135.
6. Dun S, Loftice J, Fleisig GS, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. A biomechanical comparison of youth baseball pitches: is the curveball harmful? Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:686-692.
7. Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Zheng N, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. J Biomech. 1999;32:1371-1375.
8. Hutchinson MR, Ireland ML. Overuse and throwing injuries in the skeletally immature athlete. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:25-36.
9. Ludewig PM, Reynolds JF. The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39(2):90-104.
10. Lyman S, Fleisig GS. Baseball injuries. Med Sport Sci. 2005;49:9-30.
11. Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Osinski ED. Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(4):463-468.
12. Lyman SL, Fleisig GS, Osinski ED, et al. Incidence and determinants of arm injury in youth baseball pitchers: a pilot study [abstracted]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(5):S4.
13. Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Waterbor JW, et al. Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(11):1803-1810.
14. Morrey BF, An K-N. Articular and ligamentous contributions to the stability of the elbow joint. Am J Sports Med. 1983;11:315-319.
15. Nakamizo H, Nakamura Y, Nobuhara K, Yamamoto T. Loss of glenohumeral internal rotation in little league pitchers: A biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17(5):795-801.
16. Oberlander MA, Chisar MA, Campbell B. Epidemiology of shoulder injuries in throwing and overhead athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2000;8:115-123.
17. Olsen SJ, Fleisig GS, Dun S, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:905-912.
18. Petty DH, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, Cain EL. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in high school baseball players: Clinical results and injury risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1158-1164.
19. USA Baseball. http://www.usabaseball.com. Accessed August 21, 2008.
20. Yen KL, Metzl JD. Sports-specific concerns in the young athlete: baseball. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2000;26:575-580.