메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 73-85

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

Author keywords

atrial fibrillation; stroke; therapy

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMINOTRANSFERASE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; APIXABAN; CD63 ANTIGEN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLOPIDOGREL; DABIGATRAN; EDOXABAN; ERYTHROMYCIN; HEPARIN; KETOCONAZOLE; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; METALLOPROTEINASE; NITINOL; PADGEM PROTEIN; PLACEBO; RIFAMPICIN; RITONAVIR; RIVAROXABAN; VASCULOTROPIN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; WARFARIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

EID: 84856102900     PISSN: 15582027     EISSN: 15582035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e32834f2336     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 71649105333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the United States
    • Naccarelli GV, Varker H, Lin J, Schulman KL. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the United States. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104:1534-1539.
    • (2009) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.104 , pp. 1534-1539
    • Naccarelli, G.V.1    Varker, H.2    Lin, J.3    Schulman, K.L.4
  • 2
    • 0033817509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of silent atrial fibrillation: prevalence prognosis quality of life and management
    • Savelieva I, Camm AJ. Clinical relevance of silent atrial fibrillation: prevalence, prognosis, quality of life, and management. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2000; 4:369-382.
    • (2000) J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol. , vol.4 , pp. 369-382
    • Savelieva, I.1    Camm, A.J.2
  • 4
    • 0034778819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population prevalence, incidence, and predictors of atrial fibrillation in the Renfrew/Paisley study
    • Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, et al. Population, prevalence, incidence and predictors of atrial fibrillation in the Renfrew/Paisley study. Heart 2001; 86:516-521. (Pubitemid 32999861)
    • (2001) Heart , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 516-521
    • Stewart, S.1    Hart, C.L.2    Hole, D.J.3    McMurray, J.J.V.4
  • 5
    • 0346613575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, incidence, prognosis and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: Population-based estimates
    • Kennel WB, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, et al. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:2N-9N.
    • (1998) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.82
    • Kennel, W.B.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Benjamin, E.J.3
  • 6
    • 0029029056 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of atrial fibrillation: Incidence risk factors and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study
    • Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, et al. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. Am J Med 1995; 98:476-484.
    • (1995) Am. J. Med. , vol.98 , pp. 476-484
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Manfreda, J.2    Tate, R.B.3
  • 8
    • 11044231366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An economic model of stroke in atrial fibrillation: The cost of suboptimal oral anticoagulation
    • An economic model of stroke in atrial fibrillation: The cost of suboptimal oral anticoagulation Am. J. Manag. Care. 10 2004 S451-S458.
    • (2004) Am. J. Manag. Care. , vol.10
    • Caro, J.J.1
  • 9
    • 0012829027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gesammelte abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen medizin
    • Virchow, R. Gesammelte abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen medizin. Frankfurt: Medinger Sohn & Co; 1856. pp. 219.
    • Frankfurt: Medinger Sohn & Co , Issue.1856 , pp. 219
    • Virchow, R.1
  • 10
    • 0029011363 scopus 로고
    • Increased markers of thrombogenesis in chronic atrial fibrillation: Effects of warfarin treatment
    • Lip GY, Lowe GD, Rumley A, Dunn FG. Increased markers of thrombogenesis in chronic atrial fibrillation: effects of warfarin treatment. Br Heart J 1995; 73:527-533.
    • (1995) Br. Heart J. , vol.73 , pp. 527-533
    • Lip, G.Y.1    Lowe, G.D.2    Rumley, A.3    Dunn, F.G.4
  • 11
    • 0037044431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma von Willebrand factor and soluble P-selectin as indices of endothelial damage and platelet activation in 1321 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Relationship to stroke risk factors
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000033220.97592.9A
    • Conway DS, Pearce LA, Chin BS, et al. Plasma von Willebrand factor and soluble P-selectin as indices of endothelial damage and platelet activation in 1321 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: relationship to stroke risk factors. Circulation 2002; 106:1962-1967. (Pubitemid 35176302)
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , Issue.15 , pp. 1962-1967
    • Conway, D.S.G.1    Pearce, L.A.2    Chin, B.S.P.3    Hart, R.G.4    Lip, G.Y.H.5
  • 12
    • 0033760968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial endocardial changes in mitral valve disease: A scanning electron microscopy study
    • Goldsmith I, Kumar P, Carter P, et al. Atrial endocardial changes in mitral valve disease: a scanning electron microscopy study. Am Heart J 2000; 140:777-784.
    • (2000) Am. Heart J. , vol.140 , pp. 777-784
    • Goldsmith, I.1    Kumar, P.2    Carter, P.3
  • 13
    • 27144446394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating endothelial cells in atrial fibrillation with and without acute cardiovascular disease
    • Freestone B, Lip GY, Chong AY, et al. Circulating endothelial cells in atrial fibrillation with and without acute cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2005; 94:702.
    • (2005) Thromb Haemost , vol.94 , pp. 702
    • Freestone, B.1    Lip, G.Y.2    Chong, A.Y.3
  • 14
    • 0030051404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation
    • DOI 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00887-X
    • Blackshear JL, Odell JA. Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 61:755-759. (Pubitemid 26060923)
    • (1996) Annals of Thoracic Surgery , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 755-759
    • Blackshear, J.L.1    Odell, J.A.2
  • 15
    • 0026045749 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of left atrial appendage function by transesophageal echocardiography Implications for the development of thrombus
    • Pollick C, Taylor D. Assessment of left atrial appendage function by transesophageal echocardiography. Implications for the development of thrombus. Circulation 1991; 84:223-231.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 223-231
    • Pollick, C.1    Taylor, D.2
  • 17
    • 0032535059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of thromboembolic events after electical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter: A retrospective analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00704-8, PII S0002914998007048
    • Berger M, Schweitzer P. Timing of thromboembolic events after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter: a retrospective analysis. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:1545-1547. (Pubitemid 29006485)
    • (1998) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.82 , Issue.12 , pp. 1545-1547
    • Berger, M.1    Schweitzer, P.2
  • 18
    • 0032824646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left atrial size and the risk of ischemic stroke in an ethnically mixed population
    • Di Tullio MR, Sacco RL, Sciacca RR, Homma S. Left atrial size and the risk of ischemic stroke in an ethnically mixed population. Stroke 1999; 30:2019-2024. (Pubitemid 29473243)
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 2019-2024
    • Di Tullio, M.R.1    Sacco, R.L.2    Sciacca, R.R.3    Homma, S.4
  • 19
    • 0030452708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracardiac thrombus formation in cardiac impairment: The role of anticoagulant therapy
    • Lip GY. Intracardiac thrombus formation in cardiac impairment: the role of anticoagulant therapy. Postgrad Med J 1996; 72:731-738. (Pubitemid 27037832)
    • (1996) Postgraduate Medical Journal , vol.72 , Issue.854 , pp. 731-738
    • Lip, G.Y.H.1
  • 20
    • 0026599354 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II echocardiographic features ofpatients at risk
    • The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II. Echocardiographic features ofpatients at risk. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:6-12.
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.116 , pp. 6-12
  • 22
    • 0030994331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypercoagulability and haemodynamic abnormalities in atrial fibrillation
    • Lip GY. Hypercoagulability and haemodynamic abnormalities in atrial fibrillation. Heart 1997; 77:395-396. (Pubitemid 27278413)
    • (1997) Heart , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 395-396
    • Lip, G.Y.H.1
  • 24
    • 9444239741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrin D-dimer and β-thromboglobulin as markers of thrombogenesis and platelet activation in atrial fibrillation: Effects of introducing ultra- low-dose warfarin and aspirin
    • Lip GY, Lip PL, Zarifi s J, et al. Fibrin D-dimer and beta-thromboglobulin as markers of thrombogenesis and platelet activation in atrial fibrillation. Effects of introducing ultra-low-dose warfarin and aspirin. Circulation 1996; 94:425-431. (Pubitemid 26266127)
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 425-431
    • Lip, G.Y.H.1    Lip, P.L.2    Zarifis, J.3    Watson, R.D.S.4    Bareford, D.5    Lowe, G.D.O.6    Gareth Beevers, D.7
  • 26
    • 0037884970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation related to matrix metalloproteinase-1 and its inhibitor, TIMP-1?
    • DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000065431.76788.D9
    • Marín F, Roldán V, Climent V, et al. Thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation related to matrix metalloproteinase-1 and its inhibitor, TIMP-1? Stroke 2003; 34:1181-1186. (Pubitemid 36547510)
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1181-1186
    • Marin, F.1    Roldan, V.2    Climent, V.3    Garcia, A.4    Marco, P.5    Lip, G.Y.H.6
  • 27
    • 34247866352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet Surface CD62P and CD63, Mean Platelet Volume, and Soluble/Platelet P-Selectin as Indexes of Platelet Function in Atrial Fibrillation. A Comparison of "Healthy Control Subjects" and "Disease Control Subjects" in Sinus Rhythm
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.038, PII S0735109707007693
    • Choudhury A, Chung I, Blann AD, Lip GY. Platelet surface CD62P and CD63, mean platelet volume, and soluble/platelet P-selectin as indexes of platelet function in atrial fibrillation: a comparison of 'healthy control subjects and 'disease control subjects in sinus rhythm. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49:1957-1964. (Pubitemid 46695928)
    • (2007) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.49 , Issue.19 , pp. 1957-1964
    • Choudhury, A.1    Chung, I.2    Blann, A.D.3    Lip, G.Y.H.4
  • 28
    • 0032217072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum lipaprotein(a) is a risk factor for left atrial thrombus in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: A transesophageal echocardiographic study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-8703(98)70151-6
    • Igarashi Y, Yamaura M, Ito M, et al. Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) is a risk factor for left atrial thrombus in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Am Heart J 1998; 136:965-971. (Pubitemid 29080853)
    • (1998) American Heart Journal , vol.136 , Issue.6 , pp. 965-971
    • Igarashi, Y.1    Yamaura, M.2    Ito, M.3    Inuzuka, H.4    Ojima, K.5    Aizawa, Y.6
  • 29
    • 46249089014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 12 risk stratification schemes to predict stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
    • Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Working Group
    • Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Working Group. Comparison of 12 risk stratification schemes to predict stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2008; 39:1901-1910.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 1901-1910
  • 30
    • 0035854054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation
    • Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001; 285:2864-2870.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2864-2870
    • Gage, B.F.1    Waterman, A.D.2    Shannon, W.3
  • 31
    • 0028244264 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials
    • Atrial Fibrillation Investigators: Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, Anticoagulation Study; Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Study; Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation Study; Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study; Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Study. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation
    • Atrial Fibrillation Investigators: Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, Anticoagulation Study; Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Study; Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation Study; Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study; Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Study. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154:1449-1457.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 1449-1457
  • 33
    • 45949095568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: american college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines 8th edition
    • Singer DE, Albers GW, Dalen JE, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133 (6 Suppl):546S- 592S.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , Issue.6
    • Singer, D.E.1    Albers, G.W.2    Dalen, J.E.3
  • 34
    • 34248664839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society.
    • ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2006; 114:e257-e354.
    • Circulation , vol.2006 , Issue.114
  • 36
    • 6444240752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: Stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000145172.55640.93
    • Gage BF, van Walraven C, Pearce L, et al. Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin. Circulation 2004; 110:2287-2292. (Pubitemid 39407328)
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.16 , pp. 2287-2292
    • Gage, B.F.1    Van Walraven, C.2    Pearce, L.3    Hart, R.G.4    Koudstaal, P.J.5    Boode, B.S.P.6    Petersen, P.7
  • 37
    • 76749163232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor based approach: The euroheart survey on atrial fibrillation
    • Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor based approach: The EuroHeart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137:263-272.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.137 , pp. 263-272
    • Lip, G.Y.H.1    Nieuwlaat, R.2    Pisters, R.3
  • 39
    • 69749093331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding with anticoagulation therapy-who is at risk and how best to identify such patients
    • Palareti G, Cosmi B. Bleeding with anticoagulation therapy-who is at risk, and how best to identify such patients. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102:268-278.
    • (2009) Thromb Haemost , vol.102 , pp. 268-278
    • Palareti, G.1    Cosmi, B.2
  • 40
    • 4744355196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined anticoagulant-antiplatelet use and major bleeding events in elderly atrial fibrillation patients
    • DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000141933.75462.c2
    • Shireman TI, Howard PA, Kresowik TF, Ellerbeck EF. Combined anticoagulant-antiplatelet use and major bleeding events in elderly atrial fibrillation patients. Stroke 2004; 35:2362-2367. (Pubitemid 39311264)
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 2362-2367
    • Shireman, T.I.1    Howard, P.A.2    Kresowik, T.F.3    Ellerbeck, E.F.4
  • 41
    • 33344461585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.017, PII S0002870305004369
    • Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J 2006; 151:713-719. (Pubitemid 43290267)
    • (2006) American Heart Journal , vol.151 , Issue.3 , pp. 713-719
    • Gage, B.F.1    Yan, Y.2    Milligan, P.E.3    Waterman, A.D.4    Culverhouse, R.5    Rich, M.W.6    Radford, M.J.7
  • 42
    • 0032144231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00198-3, PII S0002934398001983
    • Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS. Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin. Am J Med 1998; 105:91-99. (Pubitemid 28405230)
    • (1998) American Journal of Medicine , vol.105 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Beyth, R.J.1    Quinn, L.M.2    Landefeld, C.S.3
  • 43
    • 0033535397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.159.5.457
    • Kuijer PM, Hutten BA, Prins MH, Buller HR. Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:457-460. (Pubitemid 29108910)
    • (1999) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.159 , Issue.5 , pp. 457-460
    • Kuijer, P.M.M.1    Hutten, B.A.2    Prins, M.H.3    Buller, H.R.4
  • 44
    • 77955872745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel user-friendly score HAS-BLED to assess one-year risk of major bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients: The Euro Heart Survey
    • Epub ahead of print].
    • Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess one-year risk of major bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2010) Chest
    • Pisters, R.1    Lane, D.A.2    Nieuwlaat, R.3    De Vos, C.B.4    Crijns, H.J.5    Lip, G.Y.6
  • 45
    • 80052094564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new risk scheme to predict warfarinassociated hemorrhage: The ATRIA anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation study
    • Fang M, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarinassociated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:395-401.
    • (2011) J. Am. Coll Cardiol. , vol.58 , pp. 395-401
    • Fang, M.1    Go, A.S.2    Chang, Y.3
  • 46
    • 0024543543 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation. The Copenhagen AFASAK study
    • Petersen P, Boysen G, Godtfredsen J, et al. Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation. The Copenhagen AFASAK study. Lancet 1989; 1:175-179. (Pubitemid 19038801)
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8631 , pp. 175-179
    • Petersen, P.1    Godtfredsen, J.2    Andersen, B.3    Boysen, G.4    Andersen, E.D.5
  • 47
    • 0025914693 scopus 로고
    • Final results
    • Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study
    • Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results. Circulation 1991; 84:527-539.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 527-539
  • 48
    • 0025241137 scopus 로고
    • The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation
    • The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1505-1511.
    • (1990) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.323 , pp. 1505-1511
  • 49
    • 0025814587 scopus 로고
    • Canadian atrial fibrillation anticoagulation CAFA study
    • Connolly SJ, Laupacis A, Gent M, et al. Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation (CAFA) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18:349-355.
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll Cardiol. , vol.18 , pp. 349-355
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Laupacis, A.2    Gent, M.3
  • 50
    • 0026478818 scopus 로고
    • Warfarin in the prevention of stroke associated with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation veterans affairs stroke prevention in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation investigators
    • Ezekowitz MD, Bridgers SL, James KE, et al. Warfarin in the prevention of stroke associated with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:1406-1412.
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.327 , pp. 1406-1412
    • Ezekowitz, M.D.1    Bridgers, S.L.2    James, K.E.3
  • 51
    • 0027505093 scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke
    • EAFT European Atrial Fibrillation Trial Study Group.
    • EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group. Secondary prevention in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. Lancet 1993; 342:1255-1262.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1255-1262
  • 52
    • 79451474588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
    • Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011; 42:227-276.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 227-276
    • Furie, K.L.1    Kasner, S.E.2    Adams, R.J.3
  • 54
    • 0029070127 scopus 로고
    • Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and recent cerebral ischemia
    • The European Atrial Fibrillation Trial Study Group
    • The European Atrial Fibrillation Trial Study Group. Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and recent cerebral ischemia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:5-10.
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.333 , pp. 5-10
  • 55
    • 73249149518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should patient characteristics influence target anticoagulation intensity for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: The ATRIA study
    • Singer DE, Chang Y, Fang MC, Borowsky LH, Pomernacki NK, Udaltsova N, Go AS. Should patient characteristics influence target anticoagulation intensity for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation?: the ATRIA study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009; 2:297-304.
    • (2009) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.2 , pp. 297-304
    • Singer, D.E.1    Chang, Y.2    Fang, M.C.3    Borowsky, L.H.4    Pomernacki, N.K.5    Udaltsova, N.6    Go, A.S.7
  • 56
    • 9544248668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomized clinical trial
    • Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomized clinical trial. Lancet 1996; 348:633-638.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 633-638
  • 57
    • 0024543543 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation. The Copenhagen AFASAK study
    • Petersen P, Boysen G, Godtfredsen J, Andersen ED, Andersen B. Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation. The Copenhagen AFASAK study. Lancet 1989; 1:175-179. (Pubitemid 19038801)
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8631 , pp. 175-179
    • Petersen, P.1    Godtfredsen, J.2    Andersen, B.3    Boysen, G.4    Andersen, E.D.5
  • 58
    • 0033060737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very low-intensity antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1008835505438
    • Koefoed BG, Peterson P. Very low-intensity antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. J Thromb Thromb 1999; 7:67-71. (Pubitemid 29090124)
    • (1999) Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-71
    • Koefoed, B.G.1    Petersen, P.2
  • 59
    • 70349306707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RE-LY steering committee and investigators dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al., RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1139-1151.
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.361 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Ezekowitz, M.D.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 61
    • 85058721877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivaroxaban: Once daily oral direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation: Rationale and design of the ROCKET AF study
    • The Executive Steering Committee, on behalf of the ROCKET AF Study Investigators
    • The Executive Steering Committee, on behalf of the ROCKET AF Study Investigators. Rivaroxaban: once daily, oral, direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation: rationale and design of the ROCKET AF study. Am Heart J 2010; 159:340-347.
    • (2010) Am. Heart J. , vol.159 , pp. 340-347
  • 62
  • 63
    • 80052825103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:981-992.
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.365 , pp. 981-992
    • Granger, C.B.1    Alexander, J.H.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 64
    • 2942696888 scopus 로고
    • Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation ii study
    • Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study. Lancet 1994; 343:687-691.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 687-691
  • 66
    • 34347394385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
    • Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:857-867. (Pubitemid 351650486)
    • (2007) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.146 , Issue.12 , pp. 857-867
    • Hart, R.G.1    Pearce, L.A.2    Aguilar, M.I.3
  • 67
    • 0025914693 scopus 로고
    • Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study Final results
    • Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results. Circulation 1991; 84:527-539.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 527-539
  • 68
    • 34347394385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
    • Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:857-867. (Pubitemid 351650486)
    • (2007) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.146 , Issue.12 , pp. 857-867
    • Hart, R.G.1    Pearce, L.A.2    Aguilar, M.I.3
  • 69
    • 33745661900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed comparison of stroke prevention treatments in individuals with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.166.12.1269
    • Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Lu G, Khunti K. Mixed comparison of stroke prevention treatments in individuals with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:1269-1275. (Pubitemid 43967578)
    • (2006) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.166 , Issue.12 , pp. 1269-1275
    • Cooper, N.J.1    Sutton, A.J.2    Lu, G.3    Khunti, K.4
  • 70
    • 33744945247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel trial with irbesartan for prevention of vascular events ACTIVE W: A randomised controlled trial
    • Connolly S, Pogue J, Hart R, et al. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 367:1903-1912.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1903-1912
    • Connolly, S.1    Pogue, J.2    Hart, R.3
  • 71
    • 65649145705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACTIVE Investigators effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Hart RG, et al., ACTIVE Investigators. Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2066-2078.
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , pp. 2066-2078
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Pogue, J.2    Hart, R.G.3
  • 73
    • 68349151861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protect af Investigators Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: A randomized noninferiority trial
    • Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG, et al., PROTECT AF Investigators. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized noninferiority trial. Lancet 2009; 374:534-542.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 534-542
    • Holmes, D.R.1    Reddy, V.Y.2    Turi, Z.G.3
  • 74
    • 79751531253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: Results from the watchman left atrial appendage system for embolic protection in patients with af protect af clinical trial and the continued access registry
    • Reddy VY, Holmes D, Doshi SK, et al. Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the Continued Access Registry. Circulation 2011; 123:417-424.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 417-424
    • Reddy, V.Y.1    Holmes, D.2    Doshi, S.K.3
  • 75
    • 77955147880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcatheter occlusion of the left atrial appendage: Experimental testing of a new amplatzer device
    • Bass JL. Transcatheter occlusion of the left atrial appendage: experimental testing of a new Amplatzer device. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 76:181-185.
    • (2010) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv , vol.76 , pp. 181-185
    • Bass, J.L.1
  • 77
    • 50449106820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success of surgical left atrial appendage closure: Assessment by transesophageal echocardiography
    • Kanderian AS, Gillinov AM, Pettersson GB, et al. Success of surgical left atrial appendage closure: assessment by transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:924-929.
    • (2008) J. Am. Coll Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 924-929
    • Kanderian, A.S.1    Gillinov, A.M.2    Pettersson, G.B.3
  • 78
    • 55249125191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • Writing Committee Members, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force
    • Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al., 2006 Writing Committee Members, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2008; 118:e523.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.2008 , Issue.118
    • Bonow, R.O.1    Carabello, B.A.2    Chatterjee, K.3
  • 80
    • 13444306240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial flutter and the risk of thromboembolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.06.048
    • Ghali WA, Wasil BI, Brant R, et al. Atrial flutter and the risk of thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 2005; 118:101-107. (Pubitemid 40202852)
    • (2005) American Journal of Medicine , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-107
    • Ghali, W.A.1    Wasil, B.I.2    Brant, R.3    Exner, D.V.4    Cornuz, J.5
  • 84
    • 0029034073 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of embolic events after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation current and evolving strategies
    • Kinch JW, Davidoff R. Prevention of embolic events after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Current and evolving strategies. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:1353-1360.
    • (1995) Arch Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 1353-1360
    • Kinch, J.W.1    Davidoff, R.2
  • 85
    • 0035876656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early cardioversion of atrial fibrillation facilitated by transesophageal echocardiography: Short-term safety and impact on maintenance of sinus rhythm at 1 year
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00716-1, PII S0002934301007161
    • Weigner MJ, Thomas LR, Patel U, et al. Early cardioversion of atrial fibrillation facilitated by transesophageal echocardiography: short-term safety and impact on maintenance of sinus rhythm at 1 year. Am J Med 2001; 110:694-702. (Pubitemid 32524318)
    • (2001) American Journal of Medicine , vol.110 , Issue.9 , pp. 694-702
    • Weigner, M.J.1    Thomas, L.R.2    Patel, U.3    Schwartz, J.G.4    Burger, A.J.5    Douglas, P.S.6    Silverman, D.I.7    Manning, W.J.8
  • 87
    • 10744225802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and Efficacy of Enoxaparin Compared with Unfractionated Heparin and Oral Anticoagulants for Prevention of Thromboembolic Complications in Cardioversion of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The Anticoagulation in Cardioversion using Enoxaparin (ACE) Trial
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000120509.64740.DC
    • Stellbrink C, Nixdorff U, Hofmann T, et al. Safety and efficacy of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin and oral anticoagulants for prevention of thromboembolic complications in cardioversion of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: the Anticoagulation in Cardioversion using Enoxaparin (ACE) trial. Circulation 2004; 109:997-1003 (Pubitemid 38292177)
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.8 , pp. 997-1003
    • Stellbrink, C.1    Nixdorff, U.2    Hofmann, T.3    Lehmacher, W.4    Daniel, W.G.5    Hanrath, P.6    Geller, C.7    Mugge, A.8    Sehnert, W.9    Schmidt-Lucke, C.10    Schmidt-Lucke, J.-A.11
  • 88
    • 0032535059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of thromboembolic events after electical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter: A retrospective analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00704-8, PII S0002914998007048
    • Berger M, Schweitzer P. Timing of thromboembolic events after electrical cardioversion of atrial brillation or utter: a retrospective analysis. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:1545-1547. (Pubitemid 29006485)
    • (1998) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.82 , Issue.12 , pp. 1545-1547
    • Berger, M.1    Schweitzer, P.2
  • 89
    • 0034798413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of early death and recurrent stroke and effect of heparin in 3169 patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation in the International Stroke Trial
    • Saxena R, Lewis S, Berge E, et al. Risk of early death and recurrent stroke and effect of heparin in 3169 patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation in the International Stroke Trial. Stroke 2001; 32:2333-2337. (Pubitemid 32954805)
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 2333-2337
    • Saxena, R.1    Lewis, S.2    Berge, E.3    Sandercock, P.A.G.4    Koudstaal, P.J.5
  • 90
    • 0036843745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation, stroke, and acute antithrombotic therapy analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000035735.49388.4A
    • Hart RG, Palacio S, Pearce LA. Atrial fibrillation, stroke, and acute antithrombotic therapy: analysis of randomized clinical trials. Stroke 2002; 33:2722-2727. (Pubitemid 35266448)
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 2722-2727
    • Hart, R.G.1    Palacio, S.2    Pearce, L.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.