Treatment outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents attending a community-based antiretroviral therapy clinic in South Africa

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 12, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Nglazi, Mweete D ^a,b   Kranzer, Katharina ^a,c   Holele, Pearl ^d   Kaplan, Richard ^a   Mark, Daniella ^a   Jaspan, Heather ^a,e   Lawn, Stephen D ^a,c   Wood, Robin ^a   Bekker, Linda Gail ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b INTERNATIONAL UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE   (France)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^d WESTERN CAPE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (South Africa)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Africa; Antiretroviral; Mortality; Outcomes; Virological failure

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; EFAVIRENZ; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; STAVUDINE; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERINATAL INFECTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; SOUTH AFRICA; VIROLOGY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNOLOGY; METHODOLOGY; OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; SURVIVAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRUS LOAD;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; SOUTH AFRICA; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRAL LOAD; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84856090609     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-21     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Jaspan HB, Li R, Johnson L, Bekker LG. The emerging need for adolescent-focused HIV care in South Africa. S Afr J HIV Med 2009, 10(4):9-11.
2. Ferrand R, Corbett E, Wood R, Hargrove J, Ndhlovu C, Cowan F, Gouws E, Williams B. AIDS among older children and adolescents in Southern Africa: projecting the time course and magnitude of the epidemic. Aids 2009, 23(15):2039-2046. 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833016ce, 19684508.
3. Cowan F, Pettifor A. HIV in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2009, 4(4):288-293. 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832c7d10, 19532066.
4. Li RJ, Jaspan HB, O'Brien V, Rabie H, Cotton MF, Nattrass N. Positive futures: a qualitative study on the needs of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS Care 2010, 22(6):751-758. 10.1080/09540120903431363, 20467942.
5. Society for Adolescent Medicine Guidelines for adolescent health research: a position paper for the society of adolescent medicine. J Adolesc Health 2003, 33:396-409. Society for Adolescent Medicine.
6. Holmbeck GN, Shapera WE. Research methods with adolescents. Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology 1999, 634-661. New York: Wiley, Kendall P, JN Butcher J, Holmbeck G, 2.
7. Harter S. Self and identity development. At the Threshold: The Developing Adolescent 1990, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, Feldman S, Elder G.
8. Coleman JC, Hendry LB. The Nature of Adolescence 1999, London and New York: Routledge.
9. Kirchler E, Palmonari MP. Developmental tasks and the adolescent's relationships with their peers and their family. Adolescence and its social worlds 1995, Hove: Lawrence Erbaum, Jackson S, Rodriguez-Tome H.
10. Belzer ME, Fuchs DN, Luftman GS, Tucker DJ. Antiretroviral adherence issues among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults. J Adolesc Health 1999, 25(5):316-319. 10.1016/S1054-139X(99)00052-X, 10551660.
11. Murphy DA, Sarr M, Durako SJ, Moscicki AB, Wilson CM, Muenz LR. Barriers to HAART adherence among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003, 157(3):249-255.
12. Murphy DA, Belzer M, Durako SJ, Sarr M, Wilson CM, Muenz LR. Longitudinal antiretroviral adherence among adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005, 159(8):764-770. 10.1001/archpedi.159.8.764, 16061785.
13. Khan M, Song X, Williams K, Bright K, Sill A, Rakhmanina N. Evaluating adherence to medication in children and adolescents with HIV. Arch Dis Child 2009, 94(12):970-973. 10.1136/adc.2008.156232, 19723637.
14. Rudy BJ, Lindsey JC, Flynn PM, Bosch RJ, Wilson CM, Hughes ME, Douglas SD. Immune reconstitution and predictors of virologic failure in adolescents infected through risk behaviors and initiating HAART: week 60 results from the PACTG 381 cohort. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2006, 22(3):213-221. 10.1089/aid.2006.22.213, 16545007.
15. Flynn PM, Rudy BJ, Douglas SD, Lathey J, Spector SA, Martinez J, Silio M, Belzer M, Friedman L, D'Angelo L, et al. Virologic and immunologic outcomes after 24 weeks in HIV type 1-infected adolescents receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2004, 190(2):271-279. 10.1086/421521, 15216461.
16. Flynn PM, Rudy BJ, Lindsey JC, Douglas SD, Lathey J, Spector SA, Martinez J, Silio M, Belzer M, Friedman L, et al. Long-term observation of adolescents initiating HAART therapy: three-year follow-up. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007, 23(10):1208-1214. 10.1089/aid.2006.0290, 17961106.
17. Charles M, Noel F, Leger P, Severe P, Riviere C, Beauharnais CA, Miller E, Rutledge J, Bang H, Shealey W, et al. Survival, plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations and drug resistance in HIV-1-infected Haitian adolescents and young adults on antiretrovirals. Bull World Health Organ 2008, 86(12):970-977. 10.2471/BLT.07.050120, 2649577, 19142298.
18. World Health Organisation Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector. Progress Report 2010 2010, Geneva, Switzerland: Wolrd Health Organization, Accessed 05 February, 2010, World Health Organisation., http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/2010progressreport/en/
19. Nachega JB, Hislop M, Nguyen H, Dowdy DW, Chaisson RE, Regensberg L, Cotton M, Maartens G. Antiretroviral therapy adherence, virologic and immunologic outcomes in adolescents compared with adults in southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009, 51(1):65-71. 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318199072e, 2674125, 19282780.
20. van Cutsem G, Knight L, Kerschberger B, Malavazzi C, Ford N, Boulle A. ART for youth and adolescents in Khayelitsha: AIDS 2010 - XVIII International AIDS Conference, Austria, Vienna: Abstract no. THPE0170. 2010,
21. Bakanda C, Birungi J, Mwesigwa R, Nachega JB, Chan K, Palmer A, Ford N, Mills EJ. Survival of HIV-infected adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: findings from a nationally representative cohort in Uganda. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e19261. 10.1371/journal.pone.0019261, 3084801, 21559441.
22. Nglazi MD, Lawn SD, Kaplan R, Kranzer K, Orrell C, Wood R, Bekker LG. Changes in programmatic outcomes during 7 years of scale-up at a community-based antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011, 56(1):e1-8. 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ff0bdc, 21084996.
23. Lawn SD, Myer L, Orrell C, Bekker LG, Wood R. Early mortality among adults accessing a community-based antiretroviral programme in South Africa: implications for programme design. AIDS 2005, 19:2141-2148. 10.1097/01.aids.0000194802.89540.e1, 16284464.
24. Bekker LG, Myer L, Orrell C, Lawn S, Wood R. Rapid scale-up of a community-based HIV treatment service: programme performance over 3 conecutive years in Gugulethu, South Africa. S Afr Med J 2006, 96:315-320.
25. Lawn SD, Myer L, Harling G, Orrell C, Bekker L-G, Wood R. Determinants of mortality and nondeath losses from an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa: implications for programme evaluation. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 43(6):770-776. 10.1086/507095, 16912954.
26. Lawn SD, Little F, Bekker LG, Kaplan R, Campbel E, Orrell C, Wood R. Changing mortality risk associated with CD4 cell response to antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. Aids 2009, 23(3):335-342. 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328321823f, 19114870.
27. South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines. South Africa: National Department of Health. 2004,
28. World Health Organisation. 2007. Helping parents in developing countries improve adolescents' health. Accessed: December 09, 2010., http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/9789241595841/en/index.html
29. Foster C, Fidler S. Optimizing antiretroviral therapy in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010, 8(12):1403-1416. 10.1586/eri.10.129, 21133665.
30. Draper B, Abdullah F. A review of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme of the Western Cape provincial government, 2003-2004. S Afr Med J 2008, 98(6):431-434.
31. Williams PL, Van Dyke R, Eagle M, Smith D, Vincent C, Ciupak G, Oleske J, Seage GR. Association of site-specific and participant-specific factors with retention of children in a long-term pediatric HIV cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2008, 167(11):1375-1386. 10.1093/aje/kwn072, 2862644, 18413359.
32. Grubman S, Gross E, Lerner-Weiss N, Hernandez M, McSherry GD, Hoyt LG, Boland M, Oleske JM. Older children and adolescents living with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatrics 1995, 95(5):657-663.
33. Chacko A, Newcorn JH, Feirsen N, Uderman JZ. Improving medication adherence in chronic pediatric health conditions: a focus on ADHD in youth. Curr Pharm Des 2010, 16(22):2416-2423. 10.2174/138161210791959908, 20513228.
34. World Health Organization Adherence to Long Term Therapies: A Call to Action 2003, Switzerland: World health organization, Accessed May, 26, 2011, World Health Organization., http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4883e/
35. Pai AL, Schwartz LA. Introduction to the special section: Health care transitions of adolescents and young adults with pediatric chronic conditions. J Pediatr Psychol 2011, 36(2):129-133. 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq100, 21118867.
36. Park MJ, Adams SH, Irwin CE. Health care services and the transition to young adulthood: challenges and opportunities. Acad Pediatr 2011, 11(2):115-122. 10.1016/j.acap.2010.11.010, 21296043.
37. Crowley R, Wolfe I, Lock K, McKee M. Improving the transition between paediatric and adult healthcare: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2011,