메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 220-254

The Effect of arrest and justice system sanctions on subsequent behavior: Findings from longitudinal and other studies

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84855956649     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71165-2_7     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (68)

References (98)
  • 1
    • 0013257034 scopus 로고
    • The effects of legal processing on delinquent orientations
    • Ageton, S. S., & Elliott, D. S. (1974). The effects of legal processing on delinquent orientations. Social Problems, 22(1), 87-100.
    • (1974) Social Problems , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-100
    • Ageton, S.S.1    Elliott, D.S.2
  • 2
    • 84925905901 scopus 로고
    • Formal and informal sanctions: A comparison of deterrent effects
    • Anderson, L., Chiricos, T., & Waldo, G. (1977). Formal and informal sanctions: A comparison of deterrent effects. Social Problems, 25, 103-114.
    • (1977) Social Problems , vol.25 , pp. 103-114
    • Anderson, L.1    Chiricos, T.2    Waldo, G.3
  • 4
    • 21144470637 scopus 로고
    • The role of differential experience with the criminal justice system in changes in perceptions of severity of legal sanctions over time
    • Apospori, E., & Alpert, G. (1993). The role of differential experience with the criminal justice system in changes in perceptions of severity of legal sanctions over time. Crime and Delinquency, 39(2), 184-194.
    • (1993) Crime and Delinquency , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-194
    • Apospori, E.1    Alpert, G.2
  • 6
    • 0043255797 scopus 로고
    • A randomly controlled trial of two court procedures in truancy
    • D. P. Farrrington, K. Hawkins, & S. M. Lloyd-Bostock Eds., London: Macmillan
    • Berg, I., Hullin, R., & McGuire, R. (1979). A randomly controlled trial of two court procedures in truancy. In D. P. Farrrington, K. Hawkins, & S. M. Lloyd-Bostock (Eds.), Psychology, law, and legal processes. London: Macmillan.
    • (1979) Psychology, Law, and Legal Processes
    • Berg, I.1    Hullin, R.2    McGuire, R.3
  • 7
    • 1642587213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labeling, life chances, and adult crime: The direct and indirect effects of official intervention in adolescence on crime in early adulthood
    • Bernburg, J. G., & Krohn, M. D. (2003). Labeling, life chances, and adult crime: The direct and indirect effects of official intervention in adolescence on crime in early adulthood. Criminology, 44(4), 1287-1318.
    • (2003) Criminology , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 1287-1318
    • Bernburg, J.G.1    Krohn, M.D.2
  • 9
    • 0021159768 scopus 로고
    • Legal and extralegal barriers to delinquency: A panel analysis
    • Bishop. D. M. (1984). Legal and extralegal barriers to delinquency: A panel analysis. Criminology, 22(3), 403-420.
    • (1984) Criminology , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-420
    • Bishop, D.M.1
  • 10
    • 84994915977 scopus 로고
    • The identification of career criminals and chronic offenders in a cohort
    • Blumstein, A., & Moitra, S. (1980). The identification of career criminals and chronic offenders in a cohort. Law and Policy Review Quarterly, 2, 321-334.
    • (1980) Law and Policy Review Quarterly , vol.2 , pp. 321-334
    • Blumstein, A.1    Moitra, S.2
  • 11
    • 0028142428 scopus 로고
    • Learning theory approach to the deterrence of criminal recidivism
    • Brennan, P. A., & Mednick, S. A. (1994). Learning theory approach to the deterrence of criminal recidivism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(3), 430-440.
    • (1994) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.103 , Issue.3 , pp. 430-440
    • Brennan, P.A.1    Mednick, S.A.2
  • 12
    • 84925911864 scopus 로고
    • Arrest rates and crime rates: When does a tipping effect occur?
    • Brown, D. W. (1978). Arrest rates and crime rates: When does a tipping effect occur? Social Forces, 57(2), 671-682.
    • (1978) Social Forces , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 671-682
    • Brown, D.W.1
  • 13
    • 0031727124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of arrest on the job stability of young White American men
    • Bushway, S. D. (1998). The impact of arrest on the job stability of young White American men. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35(4), 454-280.
    • (1998) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 454-280
    • Bushway, S.D.1
  • 15
    • 0041038310 scopus 로고
    • Crime and arrest: An autoregressive integrated average approach
    • Chamlin, M. B. (1988). Crime and arrest: An autoregressive integrated average approach. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 4, 247-258.
    • (1988) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.4 , pp. 247-258
    • Chamlin, M.B.1
  • 16
    • 0008984156 scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal analysis of the arrest-crime relationship: A further examination of the tipping effect
    • Chamlin, M. B. (1991). A longitudinal analysis of the arrest-crime relationship: A further examination of the tipping effect. Justice Quarterly, 8, 187-199.
    • (1991) Justice Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 187-199
    • Chamlin, M.B.1
  • 17
    • 84983854374 scopus 로고
    • Punishment and crime: An examination of some empirical evidence
    • Chiricos, T. G., & Waldo, G. P. (1970). Punishment and crime: An examination of some empirical evidence. Social Problems, 18, 200-217.
    • (1970) Social Problems , vol.18 , pp. 200-217
    • Chiricos, T.G.1    Waldo, G.P.2
  • 18
    • 84977717208 scopus 로고
    • Crime rates, clearance rates and enforcement effort: The case of Houston, Texas
    • Cloniger, D. O., & Sartorius, L. C. (1979). Crime rates, clearance rates and enforcement effort: The case of Houston, Texas. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 38(4), 389-402.
    • (1979) American Journal of Economics and Sociology , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 389-402
    • Cloniger, D.O.1    Sartorius, L.C.2
  • 19
    • 85024043439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legal sanctions and youths' status achievement: A longitudinal study
    • De Li, S. (1999). Legal sanctions and youths' status achievement: A longitudinal study. Justice Quarterly, 16(2), 377-401.
    • (1999) Justice Quarterly , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 377-401
    • De Li, S.1
  • 20
    • 84984306759 scopus 로고
    • Crime, crime rates, arrest, and arrest ratios
    • Decker, S. H., & Kohfeld, C. W. (1985). Crime, crime rates, arrest, and arrest ratios. Criminology, 23(3), 437-450.
    • (1985) Criminology , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 437-450
    • Decker, S.H.1    Kohfeld, C.W.2
  • 21
    • 0033815332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The San Diego Navy experiment: An assessment of interventions for men who assault their wives
    • Dunford, F. W. (2000). The San Diego Navy experiment: An assessment of interventions for men who assault their wives. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 468-476.
    • (2000) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 468-476
    • Dunford, F.W.1
  • 22
    • 32444433899 scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: USDOJ, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention NCJ#80830
    • Dunford, F. W., Osgood, D. W., & Weichselbaum, H. F. (1982). National evaluation of diversion projects. Washington DC: USDOJ, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (NCJ#80830).
    • (1982) National Evaluation of Diversion Projects
    • Dunford, F.W.1    Osgood, D.W.2    Weichselbaum, H.F.3
  • 23
    • 84984285105 scopus 로고
    • Serious violent offenders: Onset, developmental course, and termination
    • Elliott, D. S. (1994). Serious violent offenders: Onset, developmental course, and termination. Criminology, 32, 1-21.
    • (1994) Criminology , vol.32 , pp. 1-21
    • Elliott, D.S.1
  • 25
    • 84925911925 scopus 로고
    • Objective and perceptual properties of legal punishment and deterrence doctrine
    • Erickson, M., & Gibbs, J. (1978). Objective and perceptual properties of legal punishment and deterrence doctrine. Social Problems, 25, 253-264.
    • (1978) Social Problems , vol.25 , pp. 253-264
    • Erickson, M.1    Gibbs, J.2
  • 27
    • 84892282957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delinquent behavior of youth in the juvenile justice system before, during, and after different court dispositions
    • Espiritu, R., & Huizinga, D. H. (1999). Delinquent behavior of youth in the juvenile justice system before, during, and after different court dispositions. A Research Brief of the Denver Youth Survey.
    • (1999) A Research Brief of the Denver Youth Survey
    • Espiritu, R.1    Huizinga, D.H.2
  • 32
    • 33748772384 scopus 로고
    • National study of the aftermath of apprehension
    • Gold, M., & Williams, J. (1970). National study of the aftermath of apprehension. Prospectus, 3, 3-12.
    • (1970) Prospectus , vol.3 , pp. 3-12
    • Gold, M.1    Williams, J.2
  • 34
    • 84925977369 scopus 로고
    • The effect of arrests on crime: A multivariate panel analysis
    • Greenberg, D. F., & Kessler, R. C. (1982). The effect of arrests on crime: A multivariate panel analysis. Social Forces, 60(3), 771-790.
    • (1982) Social Forces , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 771-790
    • Greenberg, D.F.1    Kessler, R.C.2
  • 36
    • 21344496702 scopus 로고
    • The social embeddedness of crime and unemployment
    • Hagan, J. (1993). The social embeddedness of crime and unemployment. Criminology, 31, 465-492.
    • (1993) Criminology , vol.31 , pp. 465-492
    • Hagan, J.1
  • 37
    • 33749513009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of school suspensions and arrests on subsequent adolescent behavior in Australia and the United States
    • Hemphill, S. A., Toumbourou, J. W., Herrenkohl, T. I., McMorris, B. J., & Catalano, R. F. (2006). The effect of school suspensions and arrests on subsequent adolescent behavior in Australia and the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 736-744.
    • (2006) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.39 , pp. 736-744
    • Hemphill, S.A.1    Toumbourou, J.W.2    Herrenkohl, T.I.3    McMorris, B.J.4    Catalano, R.F.5
  • 38
    • 0017700374 scopus 로고
    • The impact of police intervention upon juvenile delinquents
    • Hepburn, J. R. (1977). The impact of police intervention upon juvenile delinquents. Criminology, 15, 235-262.
    • (1977) Criminology , vol.15 , pp. 235-262
    • Hepburn, J.R.1
  • 43
    • 0005177375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of arrest on subsequent delinquent behavior
    • Loeber, R., Huizinga, D., & Thornberry, T. P. Eds., Washington, DC: The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
    • Huizinga, D., Esbensen, F., & Weiher, A. (1996). The impact of arrest on subsequent delinquent behavior. In Loeber, R., Huizinga, D., & Thornberry, T. P. (Eds.), Annual report: Program of research on the causes and correlates of delinquency. Washington, DC: The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
    • (1996) Annual Report: Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency
    • Huizinga, D.1    Esbensen, F.2    Weiher, A.3
  • 48
    • 0039460288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling the weight of school dropout predictors: A test of two longitudinal samples
    • Janosz, M., LeBlanc, M., Boulerice, N. & Tremblay, R. E. (1997). Disentangling the weight of school dropout predictors: A test of two longitudinal samples. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(6), 733-762.
    • (1997) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 733-762
    • Janosz, M.1    LeBlanc, M.2    Boulerice, N.3    Tremblay, R.E.4
  • 49
    • 85050848275 scopus 로고
    • Crime doesn't pay: Correlates of a shared misunderstanding
    • Jensen, G. F. (1969). Crime doesn't pay: Correlates of a shared misunderstanding. Social Problems, 17, 189-201.
    • (1969) Social Problems , vol.17 , pp. 189-201
    • Jensen, G.F.1
  • 50
    • 0031541061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative social sanctions, self-derogation, and deviant behavior: Main and interactive effects in longitudinal perspective
    • Kaplan, H. B., & Damphouse, K. R. (1997). Negative social sanctions, self-derogation, and deviant behavior: Main and interactive effects in longitudinal perspective. Deviant Behavior, 18(1), 1-26.
    • (1997) Deviant Behavior , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-26
    • Kaplan, H.B.1    Damphouse, K.R.2
  • 51
    • 0347088874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of criminal justice contact on employment stability for white-collar and street-level offenders
    • Kerley, K. R., & Copes, H. (2004). The effects of criminal justice contact on employment stability for white-collar and street-level offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48(1), 65-84.
    • (2004) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-84
    • Kerley, K.R.1    Copes, H.2
  • 52
    • 84925886209 scopus 로고
    • Labeling, deterrence, and recidivism: A study of police dispositions of juvenile offenders
    • Klein, M. W. (1974). Labeling, deterrence, and recidivism: A study of police dispositions of juvenile offenders. Social Problems, 22, 292-303.
    • (1974) Social Problems , vol.22 , pp. 292-303
    • Klein, M.W.1
  • 53
    • 84976969023 scopus 로고
    • Labeling theory and delinquency policy: An experimental test
    • Klein, M. W. (1986). Labeling theory and delinquency policy: An experimental test. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 13 (1) 47-79.
    • (1986) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-79
    • Klein, M.W.1
  • 54
    • 84892194346 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Final report to the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement and Assistance Administration, U. S. Government Printing Office
    • Kobrin, S., Lubeck, S., Hansen, E. W., & Yeaman, R. L. (1972). The deterrent effectiveness of criminal justice strategies. Washington, DC: Final report to the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement and Assistance Administration, U. S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1972) The Deterrent Effectiveness of Criminal Justice Strategies
    • Kobrin, S.1    Lubeck, S.2    Hansen, E.W.3    Yeaman, R.L.4
  • 55
    • 0002416966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective intervention with serious offenders: A synthesis of research
    • R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington Eds., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1998). Effective intervention with serious offenders: A synthesis of research. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 313-345). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions , pp. 313-345
    • Lipsey, M.W.1    Wilson, D.B.2
  • 57
    • 84925891594 scopus 로고
    • Arrest rates and deterrence
    • Logan, C. H. (1975). Arrest rates and deterrence. Social Science Quarterly, 56(3), 376-389.
    • (1975) Social Science Quarterly , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 376-389
    • Logan, C.H.1
  • 58
    • 33845680628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deterring delinquents: A rational choice model of theft and violence
    • Matsueda, R. L., Kreager, D., & Huizinga, D. (2006). Deterring delinquents: A rational choice model of theft and violence. American Sociological Review, 71, 95-122.
    • (2006) American Sociological Review , vol.71 , pp. 95-122
    • Matsueda, R.L.1    Kreager, D.2    Huizinga, D.3
  • 59
    • 34250197562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth justice? The impact of system contact on patterns of desistance
    • in press
    • McAra, L., & McVie, S. (2007) Youth justice? The impact of system contact on patterns of desistance. European Journal of Criminology, In press.
    • (2007) European Journal of Criminology
    • McAra, L.1    McVie, S.2
  • 61
    • 84925911225 scopus 로고
    • Crime rates, sanction levels, and constraints on prison population
    • Nagin, D. (1978). Crime rates, sanction levels, and constraints on prison population. Law and Society Review, 12(3), 341-366.
    • (1978) Law and Society Review , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-366
    • Nagin, D.1
  • 62
    • 0002294309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first centrury
    • M. Tonry Ed., Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press
    • Nagin, D. (1998). Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first centrury. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (Vol. 23). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
    • (1998) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research , vol.23
    • Nagin, D.1
  • 63
    • 33847470933 scopus 로고
    • The effects of criminality and conviction on the labor market status of young British offenders
    • Nagin, D., & Waldfogel, J. (1995). The effects of criminality and conviction on the labor market status of young British offenders. International Review of Law and Economics, 15, 109-126.
    • (1995) International Review of Law and Economics , vol.15 , pp. 109-126
    • Nagin, D.1    Waldfogel, J.2
  • 64
    • 0345516262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Go directly to jail and do not collect? A long-term study of recidivism
    • Needels, K. (1996). Go directly to jail and do not collect? A long-term study of recidivism. Journal of Crime and Delinquency, 33, 471-496.
    • (1996) Journal of Crime and Delinquency , vol.33 , pp. 471-496
    • Needels, K.1
  • 67
    • 0000802230 scopus 로고
    • The deterrent effect of the perceived certainty and severity of punishment: A review of the literature
    • Paternoster, R. (1987). The deterrent effect of the perceived certainty and severity of punishment: A review of the literature. Justice Quarterly, 4(2), 173-218.
    • (1987) Justice Quarterly , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-218
    • Paternoster, R.1
  • 68
    • 0029102347 scopus 로고
    • Reconceptualizing deterrence: An empirical test of personal and vicarious experiences
    • Paternoster, R., & Piquero, A. (1995). Reconceptualizing deterrence: An empirical test of personal and vicarious experiences. Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency, 32(3), 251-286.
    • (1995) Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-286
    • Paternoster, R.1    Piquero, A.2
  • 69
    • 84965921994 scopus 로고
    • Executive summary of Rand's study, granting felons probation: Public risks and alternatives
    • Petersilia, J., Turner, S., Kahan, J., & Peterson, J. (1985). Executive summary of Rand's study, granting felons probation: Public risks and alternatives. Crime and Delinquency, 31(3), 379-393.
    • (1985) Crime and Delinquency , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 379-393
    • Petersilia, J.1    Turner, S.2    Kahan, J.3    Peterson, J.4
  • 72
    • 85070719713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency (pp. 133-161)
    • T. Thornberry Ed., New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishing
    • Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1997). A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency (pp. 133-161). In T. Thornberry (Ed.), Developmental theories of crime and delinquency. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishing.
    • (1997) Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency
    • Sampson, R.1    Laub, J.2
  • 73
    • 84892302615 scopus 로고
    • The effects of deinstitutionalization of status offenders: A review essay
    • Schneider, A. L. (1982). The effects of deinstitutionalization of status offenders: A review essay. Criminal Justice Abstracts, 182-195.
    • (1982) Criminal Justice Abstracts , pp. 182-195
    • Schneider, A.L.1
  • 74
    • 0003667283 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the relationship of adult criminal careers to juvenile careers
    • C. Abt Eds., Cambridge, MA: Abt Books.
    • Shannon, L. W. (1980). Assessing the relationship of adult criminal careers to juvenile careers. In C. Abt (Eds.), Problems in American Social Policy (pp. 232-246). Cambridge, MA: Abt Books..
    • (1980) Problems in American Social Policy , pp. 232-246
    • Shannon, L.W.1
  • 75
    • 84891508860 scopus 로고
    • Final report to the National Institute of Justice. Iowa City: Iowa Urban Community Research Center, University of Iowa
    • Shannon, L. W. (1985) A more precise evaluation of the effects of sanctions. Final report to the National Institute of Justice. Iowa City: Iowa Urban Community Research Center, University of Iowa.
    • (1985) A More Precise Evaluation of the Effects of Sanctions
    • Shannon, L.W.1
  • 77
    • 85056009724 scopus 로고
    • Extent of unrecorded juvenile delinquency: Tentative conclusions
    • Short, J. F., Jr., & Nye, F. I. (1958). Extent of unrecorded juvenile delinquency: tentative conclusions. Journal of Criminal Law ans Criminology, 49, 296-302.
    • (1958) Journal of Criminal Law Ans Criminology , vol.49 , pp. 296-302
    • Short Jr., J.F.1    Nye, F.I.2
  • 78
    • 23444440283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of the juvenile justice system
    • Smith, D. J. (2005). The effectiveness of the juvenile justice system. Criminal Justice, 5(2), 181-195.
    • (2005) Criminal Justice , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-195
    • Smith, D.J.1
  • 80
    • 84935167315 scopus 로고
    • Specifying specific deterrence: The influence of arrest on future criminal activity
    • Smith, D. A., & Gartin, P. R. (1989). Specifying specific deterrence: The influence of arrest on future criminal activity. American Sociological Review, 54, 94-105.
    • (1989) American Sociological Review , vol.54 , pp. 94-105
    • Smith, D.A.1    Gartin, P.R.2
  • 81
    • 0027320806 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of recidivism of Florida's Community Control and prison: A five year survival analysis
    • Smith, L. G., & Akers, R. L. (1993). A comparison of recidivism of Florida's Community Control and prison: A five year survival analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(3), 267-292.
    • (1993) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-292
    • Smith, L.G.1    Akers, R.L.2
  • 82
    • 0036562990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of imprisonment on recidivism rates of felony offenders: A focus on drug offenders
    • Spohn, C., & Holleran, D. (2002). The effect of imprisonment on recidivism rates of felony offenders: A focus on drug offenders. Criminology, 40(2), 329-357.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 329-357
    • Spohn, C.1    Holleran, D.2
  • 83
    • 0033130128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whatever happened to yesterday's rebels? Longitudinal effects of youth delinquency on education and employment
    • Tanner, J., Davies, S., & O'Grady, B. (1999). Whatever happened to yesterday's rebels? Longitudinal effects of youth delinquency on education and employment. Social Problems, 46(2), 250-274.
    • (1999) Social Problems , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 250-274
    • Tanner, J.1    Davies, S.2    O'Grady, B.3
  • 85
    • 84927456366 scopus 로고
    • The effects of formal and informal sanctions on delinquency: A longitudinal analysis of labeling and deterrence theories
    • Thomas, C. W., & Bishop, D. M. (1984). The effects of formal and informal sanctions on delinquency: A longitudinal analysis of labeling and deterrence theories. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 75, 1222-1245.
    • (1984) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.75 , pp. 1222-1245
    • Thomas, C.W.1    Bishop, D.M.2
  • 87
    • 0021438009 scopus 로고
    • Unemployment and criminal involvement: An investigation of reciprocal causal structures
    • Thornberry, T. P., & Christenson, R. L. (1984). Unemployment and criminal involvement: An investigation of reciprocal causal structures. American Sociological Review, 49, 398-411.
    • (1984) American Sociological Review , vol.49 , pp. 398-411
    • Thornberry, T.P.1    Christenson, R.L.2
  • 88
    • 84996183575 scopus 로고
    • The labeling process: Reinforcement and deterrent
    • Thorsel, B. A., & Klemke, L. W. (1972). The labeling process: Reinforcement and deterrent. Law and Society Review, 6, 393-403.
    • (1972) Law and Society Review , vol.6 , pp. 393-403
    • Thorsel, B.A.1    Klemke, L.W.2
  • 89
    • 85050411992 scopus 로고
    • Crime rates and legal sanctions
    • Tittle, C. R. (1969). Crime rates and legal sanctions. Social Problems, 16, 409-423.
    • (1969) Social Problems , vol.16 , pp. 409-423
    • Tittle, C.R.1
  • 90
    • 84925923277 scopus 로고
    • Social control: A survey of the foundations of order
    • Tittle, C. R. (1980). Social control: A survey of the foundations of order. The Southern Sociologist, 11(4), 14-15.
    • (1980) The Southern Sociologist , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 14-15
    • Tittle, C.R.1
  • 91
    • 85050328504 scopus 로고
    • Sanctions and deviance: Evidence and remaining questions
    • Tittle, C. R., & Logan C. H. (1973). Sanctions and deviance: Evidence and remaining questions. Law and Society Review, 7(3), 371-392.
    • (1973) Law and Society Review , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 371-392
    • Tittle, C.R.1    Logan, C.H.2
  • 92
    • 84946313472 scopus 로고
    • Certainty of arrest and crime rates: A further test of the deterrence hypothesis
    • Tittle, C. R., & Rowe, A. R. (1974). Certainty of arrest and crime rates: A further test of the deterrence hypothesis. Social Forces, 52, 455-462.
    • (1974) Social Forces , vol.52 , pp. 455-462
    • Tittle, C.R.1    Rowe, A.R.2
  • 93
    • 0026589604 scopus 로고
    • Focusing on high-risk parolees: An experiment to reduce commitments to the Texas Department of Corrections
    • Turner, S., & Petersilia, J. (1992). Focusing on high-risk parolees: An experiment to reduce commitments to the Texas Department of Corrections. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29(1), 34-61.
    • (1992) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-61
    • Turner, S.1    Petersilia, J.2
  • 94
    • 84949982852 scopus 로고
    • Barrio gangs: Street life and identity in southern California
    • Klein, Maxson, & Miller, Eds., Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company
    • Vigil, J. D. (1995). Barrio gangs: Street life and identity in southern California. In Klein, Maxson, & Miller, (Eds.), The modern gang reader. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company.
    • (1995) The Modern Gang Reader
    • Vigil, J.D.1
  • 95
    • 0002785272 scopus 로고
    • The effect of criminal conviction on income and the 'trust reposed in the workmen. '
    • Waldfogel, J. (1994). The effect of criminal conviction on income and the 'trust reposed in the workmen. ' Journal of Human Resources, 29, 62-81.
    • (1994) Journal of Human Resources , vol.29 , pp. 62-81
    • Waldfogel, J.1
  • 97
    • 0002785272 scopus 로고
    • The effect of criminal conviction on income and the 'trust reposed in the workmen. '
    • Waldfogel, J. (1994). The effect of criminal conviction on income and the 'trust reposed in the workmen. ' Journal of Human Resources, 29, 62-81.
    • (1994) Journal of Human Resources , vol.29 , pp. 62-81
    • Waldfogel, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.