메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1605-1613

Room temperature synthesis of Ti-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-41 mesoporous materials and their performance on photocatalytic splitting of water

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HEXAGONAL PORES; NITROGEN ADSORPTION ISOTHERM; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES; PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; PHOTOCATALYTIC SPLITTING; PORE GEOMETRY; POWDER X RAY DIFFRACTION; ROOM TEMPERATURE; ROOM TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; TI-MCM 41; TITANIA; UV-LIGHT IRRADIATION; UV-VISIBLE DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 84855897084     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp210448v     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (102)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 2342470161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peer reviewed: Extracting hydrogen and electricity from renewable resources
    • Logan, B. E. Peer reviewed: extracting hydrogen and electricity from renewable resources Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38 (9) 160A-167A
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , Issue.9
    • Logan, B.E.1
  • 2
    • 0343462148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen production by biological processes: A survey of literature
    • Das, D.; Veziroglu, T. N. Hydrogen production by biological processes: a survey of literature Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2001, 26 (1) 13-28
    • (2001) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-28
    • Das, D.1    Veziroglu, T.N.2
  • 3
    • 35348875044 scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode
    • Fujishima, A.; Honda, K. Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode Nature 1972, 238 (5358) 37-38
    • (1972) Nature , vol.238 , Issue.5358 , pp. 37-38
    • Fujishima, A.1    Honda, K.2
  • 4
    • 0002184783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent progress of photocatalysts for overall water splitting
    • Takata, T.; Tanaka, A.; Hara, M.; Kondo, J. N.; Domen, K. Recent progress of photocatalysts for overall water splitting Catal. Today 1998, 44 (1-4) 17-26
    • (1998) Catal. Today , vol.44 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 17-26
    • Takata, T.1    Tanaka, A.2    Hara, M.3    Kondo, J.N.4    Domen, K.5
  • 5
    • 57649159482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting
    • Kudo, A.; Miseki, Y. Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38 (1) 253-278
    • (2009) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 253-278
    • Kudo, A.1    Miseki, Y.2
  • 6
    • 78449288259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen generation
    • Chen, X.; Shen, S.; Guo, L.; Mao, S. S. Semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen generation Chem. Rev. 2010, 110 (11) 6503-6570
    • (2010) Chem. Rev. , vol.110 , Issue.11 , pp. 6503-6570
    • Chen, X.1    Shen, S.2    Guo, L.3    Mao, S.S.4
  • 7
    • 39149102842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inorganic materials as catalysts for photochemical splitting of water
    • Osterloh, F. E. Inorganic materials as catalysts for photochemical splitting of water Chem. Mater. 2008, 20 (1) 35-54
    • (2008) Chem. Mater. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-54
    • Osterloh, F.E.1
  • 8
    • 0032084097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview on semiconductor particulate systems for photoproduction of hydrogen
    • Ashokkumar, M. An overview on semiconductor particulate systems for photoproduction of hydrogen Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 1998, 23 (6) 427-438
    • (1998) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 427-438
    • Ashokkumar, M.1
  • 10
    • 24944554925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photocatalytic hydrogen generation over lanthanides-doped titania
    • Zalas, M.; Laniecki, M. Photocatalytic hydrogen generation over lanthanides-doped titania Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2005, 89 (2-3) 287-296
    • (2005) Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells , vol.89 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 287-296
    • Zalas, M.1    Laniecki, M.2
  • 11
    • 52049096590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over nanometer sized Sn and Eu doped titanium oxide
    • Sasikala, R.; Sudarsan, V.; Sudakar, C.; Naik, R.; Sakuntala, T.; Bharadwaj, S. R. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over nanometer sized Sn and Eu doped titanium oxide Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2008, 33 (19) 4966-4973
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.19 , pp. 4966-4973
    • Sasikala, R.1    Sudarsan, V.2    Sudakar, C.3    Naik, R.4    Sakuntala, T.5    Bharadwaj, S.R.6
  • 13
    • 67649816822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly ordered mesoporous titania-zirconia photocatalyst for applications in degradation of rhodamine-B and hydrogen evolution
    • Yuan, Q.; Liu, Y.; Li, L.-L.; Li, Z.-X.; Fang, C.-J.; Duan, W.-T.; Li, X.-G.; Yan, C.-H. Highly ordered mesoporous titania-zirconia photocatalyst for applications in degradation of rhodamine-B and hydrogen evolution Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2009, 124 (1-3) 169-178
    • (2009) Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , vol.124 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 169-178
    • Yuan, Q.1    Liu, Y.2    Li, L.-L.3    Li, Z.-X.4    Fang, C.-J.5    Duan, W.-T.6    Li, X.-G.7    Yan, C.-H.8
  • 17
    • 44049090544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7 synthesized by the mineralization polymerizable complex method
    • 7 synthesized by the mineralization polymerizable complex method Mater. Res. Bull. 2008, 43 (7) 1781-1788
    • (2008) Mater. Res. Bull. , vol.43 , Issue.7 , pp. 1781-1788
    • Li, Z.1    Chen, G.2    Tian, X.3    Li, Y.4
  • 20
    • 0026931265 scopus 로고
    • Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism
    • Kresge, C. T.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Roth, W. J.; Vartuli, J. C.; Beck, J. S. Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism Nature 1992, 359 (6397) 710-712
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , Issue.6397 , pp. 710-712
    • Kresge, C.T.1    Leonowicz, M.E.2    Roth, W.J.3    Vartuli, J.C.4    Beck, J.S.5
  • 22
    • 34547543707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the controllable soft-templating approach to mesoporous silicates-rev
    • Zhao, D.; Wan, Y. On the controllable soft-templating approach to mesoporous silicates-rev Chem. Rev. 2007, 107 (7) 2821-2860
    • (2007) Chem. Rev. , vol.107 , Issue.7 , pp. 2821-2860
    • Zhao, D.1    Wan, Y.2
  • 25
    • 13644254453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visible-light photooxidation of trichloroethylene by Cr-Al-MCM-41
    • Rodrigues, S.; Ranjit, K. T.; Uma, S.; Martyanov, I. N.; Klabunde, K. J. Visible-light photooxidation of trichloroethylene by Cr-Al-MCM-41 J. Catal. 2005, 230 (1) 158-165
    • (2005) J. Catal. , vol.230 , Issue.1 , pp. 158-165
    • Rodrigues, S.1    Ranjit, K.T.2    Uma, S.3    Martyanov, I.N.4    Klabunde, K.J.5
  • 26
    • 9144221484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-loaded MCM-41 catalysts for visible- and UV-light driven photodegradation of aqueous organic pollutants
    • 2-loaded MCM-41 catalysts for visible- and UV-light driven photodegradation of aqueous organic pollutants J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108 (44) 17198-17205
    • (2004) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.108 , Issue.44 , pp. 17198-17205
    • Reddy, E.P.1    Sun, B.2    Smirniotis, P.G.3
  • 27
    • 0035353468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of Fe-MCM-48 and its catalytic performance in phenol hydroxylation
    • Zhao, W.; Luo, Y.; Deng, P.; Li, Q. Synthesis of Fe-MCM-48 and its catalytic performance in phenol hydroxylation Catal. Lett. 2001, 73, 2-4
    • (2001) Catal. Lett. , vol.73 , pp. 2-4
    • Zhao, W.1    Luo, Y.2    Deng, P.3    Li, Q.4
  • 28
    • 33746673831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-site photocatalytic solids for the decomposition of undesirable molecules
    • Anpo, M.; Thomas, J. M. Single-site photocatalytic solids for the decomposition of undesirable molecules Chem. Commun. 2006, 31) 3273-3278
    • (2006) Chem. Commun. , Issue.31 , pp. 3273-3278
    • Anpo, M.1    Thomas, J.M.2
  • 29
    • 63349107741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The design of Ti-, V-, Cr-oxide single-site catalysts within zeolite frameworks and their photocatalytic reactivity for the decomposition of undesirable molecules - The role of their excited states and reaction mechanisms
    • Anpo, M.; Kim, T.-H.; Matsuoka, M. The design of Ti-, V-, Cr-oxide single-site catalysts within zeolite frameworks and their photocatalytic reactivity for the decomposition of undesirable molecules - The role of their excited states and reaction mechanisms Catal. Today 2009, 142 (3-4) 114-124
    • (2009) Catal. Today , vol.142 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 114-124
    • Anpo, M.1    Kim, T.-H.2    Matsuoka, M.3
  • 30
    • 26444451003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic reactivities of Mo-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves: Effect of the Mo content on the local structures of Mo-oxides
    • Higashimoto, S.; Hu, Y.; Tsumura, R.; Iino, K.; Matsuoka, M.; Yamashita, H.; Shul, Y. G.; Che, M.; Anpo, M. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic reactivities of Mo-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves: Effect of the Mo content on the local structures of Mo-oxides J. Catal. 2005, 235 (2) 272-278
    • (2005) J. Catal. , vol.235 , Issue.2 , pp. 272-278
    • Higashimoto, S.1    Hu, Y.2    Tsumura, R.3    Iino, K.4    Matsuoka, M.5    Yamashita, H.6    Shul, Y.G.7    Che, M.8    Anpo, M.9
  • 32
    • 47249156475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the photocatalytic oxidation of methane into methanol on V-containing MCM-41 catalysts
    • Hu, Y.; Nagai, Y.; Rahmawaty, D.; Wei, C.; Anpo, M. Characteristics of the photocatalytic oxidation of methane into methanol on V-containing MCM-41 catalysts Catal. Lett. 2008, 124 (1) 80-84
    • (2008) Catal. Lett. , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-84
    • Hu, Y.1    Nagai, Y.2    Rahmawaty, D.3    Wei, C.4    Anpo, M.5
  • 33
    • 33845342164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photo-assisted synthesis of v and Ti-containing MCM-41 under UV light irradiation and their reactivity for the photooxidation of propane
    • Hu, Y.; Wada, N.; Tsujimaru, K.; Anpo, M. Photo-assisted synthesis of V and Ti-containing MCM-41 under UV light irradiation and their reactivity for the photooxidation of propane Catal. Today 2007, 120 (2) 139-144
    • (2007) Catal. Today , vol.120 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-144
    • Hu, Y.1    Wada, N.2    Tsujimaru, K.3    Anpo, M.4
  • 35
    • 0036600572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2O on Ti-containing porous silica thin film photocatalysts
    • 2O on Ti-containing porous silica thin film photocatalysts Catal. Lett. 2002, 80 (3) 111-114
    • (2002) Catal. Lett. , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 111-114
    • Ikeue, K.1    Nozaki, S.2    Ogawa, M.3    Anpo, M.4
  • 36
    • 33847400951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating traces of carbon monoxide photocatalytically from hydrogen with a single-site, non-noble metal catalyst
    • Kamegawa, T.; Morishima, J.; Matsuoka, M.; Thomas, J. M.; Anpo, M. Eliminating traces of carbon monoxide photocatalytically from hydrogen with a single-site, non-noble metal catalyst J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111 (3) 1076-1078
    • (2007) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 1076-1078
    • Kamegawa, T.1    Morishima, J.2    Matsuoka, M.3    Thomas, J.M.4    Anpo, M.5
  • 38
    • 77955296104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid and facile synthesis of Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous material and the photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution
    • Zhao, D.; Budhi, S.; Rodriguez, A.; Koodali, R. T. Rapid and facile synthesis of Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous material and the photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35 (11) 5276-5283
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 5276-5283
    • Zhao, D.1    Budhi, S.2    Rodriguez, A.3    Koodali, R.T.4
  • 39
    • 77956867546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, structural characterization, and photocatalytic performance of mesoporous W-MCM-48
    • Zhao, D.; Rodriguez, A.; Dimitrijevic, N. M.; Rajh, T.; Koodali, R. T. Synthesis, structural characterization, and photocatalytic performance of mesoporous W-MCM-48 J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114 (37) 15728-15734
    • (2010) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.114 , Issue.37 , pp. 15728-15734
    • Zhao, D.1    Rodriguez, A.2    Dimitrijevic, N.M.3    Rajh, T.4    Koodali, R.T.5
  • 40
    • 0036722397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen on Zr-MCM-41
    • Liu, S. H.; Wang, H. P. Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen on Zr-MCM-41 Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2002, 27 (9) 859-862
    • (2002) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 859-862
    • Liu, S.H.1    Wang, H.P.2
  • 41
    • 0242695707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodecomposition of water catalyzed by Zr- and Ti-MCM-41
    • Liu, S.-H.; Huang, Y.-J.; Lin, K.-S.; Hsiao, M.-C. Photodecomposition of water catalyzed by Zr- and Ti-MCM-41 Energy Sources 2003, 25, 591-596
    • (2003) Energy Sources , vol.25 , pp. 591-596
    • Liu, S.-H.1    Huang, Y.-J.2    Lin, K.-S.3    Hsiao, M.-C.4
  • 42
    • 36048950375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performances of Cr incorporated, and Cr and Ti co-incorporated MCM-41 as visible light photocatalysts for water splitting
    • Shen, S.; Guo, L. Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performances of Cr incorporated, and Cr and Ti co-incorporated MCM-41 as visible light photocatalysts for water splitting Catal. Today 2007, 129 (3-4) 414-420
    • (2007) Catal. Today , vol.129 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 414-420
    • Shen, S.1    Guo, L.2
  • 43
    • 0001736091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalysis by crystalline mesoporous molecular sieves
    • Sayari, A. Catalysis by crystalline mesoporous molecular sieves Chem. Mater. 1996, 8 (8) 1840-1852
    • (1996) Chem. Mater. , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 1840-1852
    • Sayari, A.1
  • 45
    • 35748960485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid and facile synthesis of siliceous MCM-48 mesoporous materials
    • Brett, B.; Hariharaputhiran, S.; Koodali, R. T. Rapid and facile synthesis of siliceous MCM-48 mesoporous materials Chem. Commun. 2007, 43) 4543-4545
    • (2007) Chem. Commun. , Issue.43 , pp. 4543-4545
    • Brett, B.1    Hariharaputhiran, S.2    Koodali, R.T.3
  • 47
    • 84939775172 scopus 로고
    • Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity
    • Sing, K. S. W.; Everett, D. H.; Haul, R. A. W.; Moscou, L.; Pierotti, R. A.; Rouquerol, J.; Siemieniewska, T. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity Pure Appl. Chem. 1984, 57 (4) 603-619
    • (1984) Pure Appl. Chem. , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 603-619
    • Sing, K.S.W.1    Everett, D.H.2    Haul, R.A.W.3    Moscou, L.4    Pierotti, R.A.5    Rouquerol, J.6    Siemieniewska, T.7
  • 48
    • 0346361611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local structures of active sites on Ti-MCM-41 and their photocatalytic reactivity for the decomposition of NO
    • Hu, Y.; Higashimoto, S.; Martra, G.; Zhang, J.; Matsuoka, M.; Coluccia, S.; Anpo, M. Local structures of active sites on Ti-MCM-41 and their photocatalytic reactivity for the decomposition of NO Catal. Lett. 2003, 90 (3) 161-163
    • (2003) Catal. Lett. , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 161-163
    • Hu, Y.1    Higashimoto, S.2    Martra, G.3    Zhang, J.4    Matsuoka, M.5    Coluccia, S.6    Anpo, M.7
  • 49
    • 0031249750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing the titanium sites in Ti-MCM41 by diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence UV-Vis spectroscopies
    • Marchese, L.; Maschmeyer, T.; Gianotti, E.; Coluccia, S.; Thomas, J. M. Probing the titanium sites in Ti-MCM41 by diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence UV-Vis spectroscopies J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101 (44) 8836-8838
    • (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.101 , Issue.44 , pp. 8836-8838
    • Marchese, L.1    Maschmeyer, T.2    Gianotti, E.3    Coluccia, S.4    Thomas, J.M.5
  • 50
    • 0034120283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of titania-modified mesoporous silicate MCM-41
    • Zheng, S.; Gao, L.; Zhang, Q.-H.; Guo, J.-K. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of titania-modified mesoporous silicate MCM-41 J. Mater. Chem. 2000, 10 (3) 723-727
    • (2000) J. Mater. Chem. , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 723-727
    • Zheng, S.1    Gao, L.2    Zhang, Q.-H.3    Guo, J.-K.4
  • 51
    • 0029845474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +) and neutral (S°I°) assembly pathways: A comparison of physical properties and catalytic activity for peroxide oxidations
    • +) and neutral (S°I°) assembly pathways: A comparison of physical properties and catalytic activity for peroxide oxidations J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118 (38) 9164-9171
    • (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.118 , Issue.38 , pp. 9164-9171
    • Zhang, W.1    Fröba, M.2    Wang, J.3    Tanev, P.T.4    Wong, J.5    Pinnavaia, T.J.6
  • 52
    • 0002041886 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of Ti-MCM-41 structures
    • Blasco, T.; Corma, A.; Navarro, M. T.; Pariente, J. P. Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of Ti-MCM-41 structures J. Catal. 1995, 156 (1) 65-74
    • (1995) J. Catal. , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-74
    • Blasco, T.1    Corma, A.2    Navarro, M.T.3    Pariente, J.P.4
  • 53
    • 0037168298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron transfer of carotenoids imbedded in MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-41: EPR, ENDOR, and UV-Vis Studies
    • Gao, Y.; Konovalova, T. A.; Xu, T.; Kispert, L. D. Electron transfer of carotenoids imbedded in MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-41: EPR, ENDOR, and UV-Vis Studies J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106 (42) 10808-10815
    • (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.106 , Issue.42 , pp. 10808-10815
    • Gao, Y.1    Konovalova, T.A.2    Xu, T.3    Kispert, L.D.4
  • 54
    • 0034693814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox and catalytic chemistry of Ti in titanosilicate molecular sieves: An EPR investigation
    • Bal, R.; Chaudhari, K.; Srinivas, D.; Sivasanker, S.; Ratnasamy, P. Redox and catalytic chemistry of Ti in titanosilicate molecular sieves: an EPR investigation J. Mol. Catal A: Chem. 2000, 162 (1-2) 199-207
    • (2000) J. Mol. Catal A: Chem. , vol.162 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 199-207
    • Bal, R.1    Chaudhari, K.2    Srinivas, D.3    Sivasanker, S.4    Ratnasamy, P.5
  • 55
    • 0035981145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox behavior and selective oxidation properties of mesoporous titano- and zirconosilicate MCM-41 molecular sieves
    • Chaudhari, K.; Bal, R.; Srinivas, D.; Chandwadkar, A. J.; Sivasanker, S. Redox behavior and selective oxidation properties of mesoporous titano- and zirconosilicate MCM-41 molecular sieves Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2001, 50 (2-3) 209-218
    • (2001) Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , vol.50 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 209-218
    • Chaudhari, K.1    Bal, R.2    Srinivas, D.3    Chandwadkar, A.J.4    Sivasanker, S.5
  • 57
    • 0242628722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local structures, excited states, and photocatalytic reactivities of highly dispersed catalysts constructed within zeolites
    • Matsuoka, M.; Anpo, M. Local structures, excited states, and photocatalytic reactivities of highly dispersed catalysts constructed within zeolites J. Photochem. Photobiol., C 2003, 3 (3) 225-252
    • (2003) J. Photochem. Photobiol., C , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-252
    • Matsuoka, M.1    Anpo, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.