The braincase of the basal sauropod dinosaur Spinophorosaurus and 3D reconstructions of the cranial endocast and inner ear

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Knoll, Fabien ^a   Witmer, Lawrence M ^b   Ortega, Francisco ^c   Ridgely, Ryan C ^b   Schwarz Wings, Daniela ^d  

^a MUSEO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS NATURALES   (Spain)

^b OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA   (Spain)

^d HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ARTICLE; BRAIN; BRAIN BLOOD VESSEL; BRAIN INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CRANIAL NERVE; DINOSAUR; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; INNER EAR; JURASSIC; NEUROANATOMY; NONHUMAN; OCCIPITAL BONE; PARIETAL LOBE; SKELETON; SKULL; SPHENOID; SPINOPHOROSAURUS NIGERENSIS; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; ANIMAL; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; GENETICS; HISTOLOGY; METHODOLOGY; PALEONTOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; SKULL BASE; TIME;

ANIMALIA; ATLASAURUS; ATLASAURUS IMELAKEI; DINOSAURIA; SAUROPODA; SAUROPODOMORPHA; TITANOSAURIFORMES;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; DINOSAURS; EAR, INNER; FOSSILS; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; MODELS, ANATOMIC; PALEONTOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; SKULL; SKULL BASE; TIME FACTORS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84855853752     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030060     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Remes K, Ortega F, Fierro I, Joger U, Kosma R, et al. (2009) A new basal sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early evolution of Sauropoda. PLoS ONE 4 (9): e6924.
2. Rauhut OWM, López-Arbarello A, (2010) Considerations on the age of the Tiouaren Formation (Iullemmeden Basin, Niger, Africa): implications for Gondwanan Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate faunas. Palaeogeogr, Palaeoclimatol, Palaeoecol 271: 259-267.
3. Allain R, Aquesbi N, Dejax J, Meyer C, Monbaron M, et al. (2004) A basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Morocco. C R Palevol 3: 199-208.
4. Monbaron M, Russell DA, Taquet P, (1999) Atlasaurus imelakei n.g., n.sp., a brachiosaurid-like sauropod from the Middle Jurassic of Morocco. C R Acad Sci, Sci Terre Planètes 329: 519-526.
5. Mahammed F, Läng E, Mami L, Mekahli L, Benhamou M, et al. (2005) The 'Giant of Ksour', a Middle Jurassic sauropod dinosaur from Algeria. C R Palevol 4: 707-714.
6. Sereno PC, Beck AL, Dutheil DB, Larsson HCE, Lyon GH, et al. (1999) Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. Science 286: 1342-1347.
7. Janensch W, (1914) Übersicht über die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguruschichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgeführten Arten von Sauropoden. Arch Biontol 3: 81-110.
8. Fraas E, (1908) Ostafrikanische Dinosaurier. Palaeontographica 55: 105-114.
9. Remes K, (2009) Taxonomy of Late Jurassic diplodocid sauropods from Tendaguru (Tanzania). Foss Rec 12: 23-46.
10. Janensch W, (1935-1936) Die Schaedel der Sauropoden Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus und Dicraeosaurus aus den Tendaguruschichten Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Palaeontographica Suppl 7 pp. 145-298.
11. Allain R, Aquesbi N, (2008) Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco. Geodiversitas 30: 345-424.
12. Knoll F, Schwarz-Wings D, (2009) Palaeoneuroanatomy of Brachiosaurus. Ann Paléontol 95: 165-175.
13. Läng E, Mahammed F, (2010) New anatomical data and phylogenetic relationships of Chebsaurus algeriensis (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Algeria. Hist Biol 22: 142-164.
14. Marsh OC, (1878) Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs: Part I. Am J Sci Arts 16: 411-416.
15. Marsh OC, (1889) Notice of new American Dinosauria. Am J Sci 37: 331-336.
16. Harris JD, Dodson P, (2004) A new diplodocoid sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, USA. Acta Palaeontol Pol 49: 197-210.
17. Owen R, (1854) Descriptive catalogue of the fossil organic remains of Reptilia and Pisces contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England London British Museum (Natural History).
18. Witmer LM, Ridgely RC, Dufeau DL, Semones MC, (2008) Using CT to peer into the past: 3D visualization of the brain and ear regions of birds, crocodiles, and nonavian dinosaurs. In: Endo H, Frey R, editors. Anatomical imaging: towards a new morphology Tokyo Springer-Verlag pp. 67-88.
19. Sereno PC, Wilson JA, Witmer LM, Whitlock JA, Maga A, et al. (2007) Structural extremes in a Cretaceous dinosaur. PLoS ONE 2 (11): e1230.
20. Chatterjee S, Zheng Z, (2005) Neuroanatomy and dentition of Camarasaurus lentus. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K, editors. Thunder-lizards: the sauropodomorph dinosaurs Bloomington Indiana University Press pp. 199-211.
21. Wilson JA, (2002) Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zool J Linn Soc 136: 217-276.
22. Galton PM, Knoll F, (2006) A saurischian dinosaur braincase from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) near Oxford, England: from the theropod Megalosaurus or the sauropod Cetiosaurus? Geol Mag 143: 905-921.
23. He X, Li K, Cai K, (1988) The middle Jurassic Dinosaur fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan. Vol. 4, sauropod Dinosaurs (2). Omeisaurus tianfuensis [in Chinese with English summary] Chengdu Sichuan publishing House of Science and Technology.
24. Madsen JH Jr, McIntosh JS, Berman DS, (1995) Skull and atlas-axis complex of the Upper Jurassic sauropod Camarasaurus Cope (Reptilia: Saurischia). Bull Carnegie Mus Nat Hist 31: 1-115.
25. Monbaron M, (1983) Dinosauriens du Haut-Atlas central (Maroc): état de recherche et précision sur la découverte d'un squelette complet de grand Cétiosaure. Actes Soc jura Emul 1983: 203-234.
26. Dong Z, (1990) On remains of the sauropods from Kelamaili region, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China [in Chinese with English summary]. Vert PalAsiatica 28: 43-53.
27. Chatterjee S, Zheng Z, (2002) Cranial anatomy of Shunosaurus, a basal sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. Zool J Linn Soc 136: 145-169.
28. Hopson JA, (1979) Paleoneurology. In: Gans C, Northcutt RG, Ulinsky P, editors. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 9A London Academic Press pp. 39-146.
29. Witmer LM, (1990) The craniofacial air sac system of Mesozoic birds (Aves). Zool J Linn Soc 100: 327-378.
30. Balanoff AM, Bever GS, Ikejiri T, (2010) The braincase of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) based on computed tomography of a new specimen, with comments on variation and evolution in sauropod neuroanatomy. Am Mus Novit 3677: 1-29.
31. Sampson SD, Witmer LM, (2007) Craniofacial anatomy of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. J Vert Paleontol 27 (Suppl 2): 32-102.
32. Holliday CM, Witmer LM, (2008) Cranial kinesis in dinosaurs: intracranial joints, protractor muscles, and their significance for cranial evolution and function in diapsids. J Vert Paleontol 28: 1073-1088.
33. Salgado L, Calvo JO, (1992) Cranial osteology of Amargasaurus cazaui Salgado and Bonaparte (Sauropoda, Dicraeosauridae) from the Neocomian of Patagonia. Ameghiniana 29: 337-346.
34. Ouyang H, (1989) A new sauropod from Dashanpu, Zigong Co. Sichuan Province (Abrosaurus dongpoensis gen. et sp. nov.) [in Chinese]. Newsl Zigong Dinosaur Mus 2: 10-14.
35. Zheng Z, (1991) Morphology of the braincase of Shunosaurus [in Chinese with English summary]. Vert PalAsiatica 29: 108-118.
36. Knoll F, (1997) La boîte crânienne d'un théropode (Saurischia) du Jurassique des Vaches Noires: ostéologie et paléoneurologie. DEA dissertation Montpellier Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc.
37. Knoll F, Buffetaut E, Bülow M, (1999) A theropod braincase from the Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France): osteology and palaeoneurology. Bull Soc géol Fr 170: 103-109.
38. Galton PM, (1985) Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. II. All the cranial material and details of soft-part anatomy. Geol Palaeontol 19: 119-159.
39. Knoll F, Galton PM, López-Antoñanzas R, (2006) Paleoneurological evidence against a proboscis in the sauropod dinosaur Diplodocus. Geobios 39: 215-221.
40. Wilson JA, D'Emic MD, Curry Rogers CA, Mohabey DM, Sen S, (2009) Reassessment of the sauropod dinosaur Jainosaurus (= "Antarctosaurus") septentrionalis from the Upper Cretaceous of India. Contrib Mus Paleontol, Univ Mich 32: 17-40.
41. Witmer LM, Ridgely RC, (2009) New insights into the brain, braincase, and ear region of tyrannosaurs (Dinosauria, Theropoda), with implications for sensory organization and behavior. Anat Rec 292: 1266-1296.
42. Dendy A, (1909) The intracranial vascular system of Sphenodon. Phil Trans Roy Soc London B 200: 403-426.
43. Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P, (2004) Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H, editors. The Dinosauria (2nd edition) Berkeley University of California Press pp. 259-324.
44. Royo-Torres R, Cobos A, Alcalá L, (2006) A giant European dinosaur and a new sauropod clade. Science 314: 1925-1927.
45. Paulina Carabajal A, Salgado L, (2007) Un basicráneo de titanosaurio (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) del Cretácico Superior del norte de Patagonia: descripción y aportes al conocimiento del oído interno de los dinosaurios. Ameghiniana 44: 109-120.
46. Paulina-Carabajal A, Coria RA, Chiappe LM, (2008) An incomplete Upper Cretaceous titanosaur (Sauropoda) braincase: new insights on the dinosaurian inner ear and endocranium. Cretaceous Res 29: 643-648.
47. Spoor F, (2003) The semicircular canal system and locomotor behaviour, with special reference to hominin evolution. Cour Forsch Senckenberg 243: 93-104.
48. Spoor F, Garland T Jr, Krovitz G, Ryan TM, Silcox MT, et al. (2007) The primate semicircular canal system and locomotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 10808-10812.
49. Cox PG, Jeffery N, (2010) Semicircular canals and agility: the influence of size and shape measures. J Anat 216: 37-47.
50. Gray AA, (1907) The labyrinth of animals including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. Vol. 1 London J. and A. Churchill.
51. Hadžiselimović H, Savković L, (1964) Appearance of semicircular canals in birds in relation to mode of life. Acta Anat 57: 306-315.
52. Turkewitsch BG, (1934) Zur Anatomie des Gehörorgans der Vögel (Canales semicirculares). Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch 103: 551-608.
53. Lewin NA, (1955) Dependence of the anatomic structure of the bony labyrinth of birds on their lifestyle [in Russian]. Zool Zh 34: 601-604.
54. Dzemski G, Christian A, (2007) Flexibility along the neck of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and consequences for the reconstruction of dinosaurs with extreme neck length. J Morphol 268: 701-714.
55. Taylor MP, Wedel MJ, Naish D, (2009) Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals. Acta Palaeontol Pol 54: 213-220.
56. Rauhut OWM, Remes K, Fechner R, Cladera G, Puerta P, (2005) Discovery of a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of Patagonia. Nature 435: 670-672.
57. Leigh RJ, Brandt T, (1993) A reevaluation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: new ideas of its purpose, properties, neural substrate, and disorders. Neurology 43: 1288-1295.
58. Hullar TE, (2006) Semicircular canal geometry, afferent sensitivity, and animal behaviour. Anat Rec A 288: 466-472.
59. Yang A, Hullar TE, (2007) Relationship of semicircular canal size to vestibular-nerve afferent sensitivity in mammals. J Neurophysiol 98: 3197-3205.
60. Kandel BM, Hullar TE, (2010) The relationship of head movements to semicircular canal size in cetaceans. J Exp Biol 213: 1175-1181.