Chemotherapy before liver resection of colorectal metastases: Friend or foe?

Annals of Surgery

Volumn 255, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 237-247

  Lehmann, Kuno ^a   Rickenbacher, Andreas ^a   Weber, Achim ^a   Pestalozzi, Bernhard C ^a   Clavien, Pierre Alain ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CETUXIMAB; FLOXURIDINE; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; GELATINASE B; IRINOTECAN; K RAS PROTEIN; OXALIPLATIN; PANITUMUMAB;

BILIARY TRACT DISEASE; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RELAPSE; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CELL LOSS; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DIARRHEA; FATIGUE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEPATIC INTRAARTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY; HUMAN; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER METASTASIS; LIVER REGENERATION; LIVER RESECTION; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; PORTAL VEIN OBSTRUCTION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SINUSOID OBSTRUCTION SYNDROME; SURVIVAL TIME; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY; HEPATECTOMY; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84855844006     PISSN: 00034932     EISSN: 15281140     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182356236     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Manfredi S, Lepage C, Hatem C, et al. Epidemiology and management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2006;244(2):254-259. (Pubitemid 44305540)
2. Wagner JS, Adson MA, Van Heerden JA, et al. The natural history of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. A comparison with resective treatment. Ann Surg. 1984;199(5):502-508. (Pubitemid 14105105)
3. Cummings LC, Payes JD, Cooper GS. Survival after hepatic resection in metastatic colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Cancer. 2007;109(4):718-726. (Pubitemid 46233233)
4. Rees M, Tekkis PP, Welsh FK, et al. Evaluation of long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multifactorial model of 929 patients. Ann Surg. 2008;247(1):125-135.
5. Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, et al. Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2004;239(6):818-825; discussion 825-827.
6. Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF, et al. Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2002;235(6):759-766. (Pubitemid 34547293)
7. Fernandez FG, Drebin JA, Linehan DC, et al. Five-year survival after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in patients screened by positron emission tomography with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET). Ann Surg. 2004;240(3):438-447; discussion 447-450.
8. Pawlik TM, Scoggins CR, Zorzi D, et al. Effect of surgical margin status on survival and site of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2005;241(5):715-722, discussion 722-724.
9. Figueras J, Torras J, Valls C, et al. Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases in patients with expanded indications: a single-center experience with 501 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50(4):478-488. (Pubitemid 46701611)
10. Belghiti J, Hiramatsu K, Benoist S, et al. Seven hundred forty-seven hepatectomies in the 1990s: an update to evaluate the actual risk of liver resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;191(1):38-46. (Pubitemid 30439557)
11. Breitenstein S, DeOliveira ML, Raptis DA, et al. Novel and simple preoperative score predicting complications following liver resection in non-cirrhotic patients. Ann Surg. 2010 Nov;252(5):726-34.
12. Adam R, Wicherts DA, de Haas RJ, et al. Patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases: is there a possibility of cure? J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(11):1829-1835.
13. Clavien PA, Petrowsky H, DeOliveira ML, et al. Strategies for safer liver surgery and partial liver transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(15):1545- 1559. (Pubitemid 46588419)
14. Chen ML, Fang CH, Liang LS, et al. A meta-analysis of chemotherapy regimen fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/ leucovorin in treating advanced colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol. 2010;19(1):38-45.
15. Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(13):905-914.
16. Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, et al. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355(9209):1041-1047. (Pubitemid 30162806)
17. de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(16):2938-2947. (Pubitemid 30644117)
18. Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R, et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(1):136-147. (Pubitemid 30036347)
19. Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Phase II trial of cetuximab in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(33):5225-5232. (Pubitemid 350232254)
20. Saltz LB, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(12):2013-2019.
21. Portier G, Elias D, Bouche O, et al. Multicenter randomized trial of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid compared with surgery alone after resection of colorectal liver metastases: FFCD ACHBTH AURC 9002 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(31):4976-4982. (Pubitemid 46631399)
22. Adam R, Laurent A, Azoulay D, et al. Two-stage hepatectomy: a planned strategy to treat irresectable liver tumors. Ann Surg. 2000;232(6):777-785.
23. Phillips B, Ball C, Sackett D, et al. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine-Levels of Evidence (March 2009) [http://www.cebm.net/web site]. 1998, 2009.
24. Bokemeyer C, Bondarenko I,Makhson A, et al. Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with andwithout cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(5):663-671.
25. Falcone A, Ricci S, Brunetti I, et al. Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(13):1670-1676. (Pubitemid 46797946)
26. Delaunoit T,Alberts SR, Sargent DJ, et al. Chemotherapy permits resection of metastatic colorectal cancer: experience from Intergroup N9741. Ann Oncol. 2005;16(3):425-429.
27. Van Cutsem E, Kohne CH, Hitre E, et al. Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(14):1408-1417.
28. Piessevaux H. Early tumor shrinkage for the prediction of efficacy of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): Analysis from the CRYSTAL study. ESMO abstract 596P 2010.
29. Maughan TS, Adams R, Smith CG, et al. Identification of potentially responsive subsets when cetuximab is added to oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (CT) in first-line advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC): Mature results of the MRC COIN trial. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts). 2010;28(15 suppl):3502.
30. De Roock W, Jonker DJ, Di Nicolantonio F, et al. Association of KRAS p. G13D mutation with outcome in patients with chemotherapyrefractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. JAMA. 2010;304(16):1812-1820.
31. De RoockW, Claes B, Bernasconi D, et al. Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(8):753-762.
32. Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Bechstein WO, et al. Tumour response and secondary resectability of colorectal liver metastases following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab: the CELIM randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(1):38-47.
33. Douillard JY, Siena S, Cassidy J, et al. Randomized, phase III trial of panitumumab with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) versus FOLFOX4 alone as first-line treatment in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: the PRIME study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(31):4697-4705.
34. Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T, et al. A randomized phase IIIB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(5):672-680.
35. Tol J, Koopman M, Cats A, et al. Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(6):563-572.
36. Kemeny N, Daly J, Reichman B, et al. Intrahepatic or systemic infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(4):459-465. (Pubitemid 17149758)
37. Selzner N, Pestalozzi BC, Kadry Z, et al. Downstaging colorectal liver metastases by concomitant unilateral portal vein ligation and selective intra-arterial chemotherapy. Br J Surg. 2006;93(5):587-592.
38. Clavien PA, Selzner N, Morse M, et al. Downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases from colorectal cancer by selective intra-arterial chemotherapy. Surgery. 2002;131(4):433-442. (Pubitemid 34289734)
39. Jaeck D, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, et al. A two-stage hepatectomy procedure combined with portal vein embolization to achieve curative resection for initially unresectable multiple and bilobar colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2004;240(6):1037-1049; discussion 1049-1051.
40. Mocellin S, Pilati P, Lise M, et al. Meta-analysis of hepatic arterial infusion for unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer: the end of an era? J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(35):5649-5654.
41. Ducreux M, Ychou M, Laplanche A, et al. Hepatic arterial oxaliplatin infusion plus intravenous chemotherapy in colorectal cancer with inoperable hepatic metastases: a trial of the gastrointestinal group of the Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(22): 4881-4887. (Pubitemid 46223993)
42. Boige V, Malka D, Elias D, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin and intravenous LV5FU2 in unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after systemic chemotherapy failure. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(1): 219-226.
43. Goere D, Deshaies I, de Baere T, et al. Prolonged survival of initially unresectable hepatic colorectal cancer patients treated with hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin followed by radical surgery of metastases. Ann Surg. 2010;251(4):686-691.
44. Elias D, Goere D, Boige V, et al. Outcome of posthepatectomy-missing colorectal liver metastases after complete response to chemotherapy: impact of adjuvant intra-arterial hepatic oxaliplatin. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(11):3188-3194. (Pubitemid 47594272)
45. Auer RC, White RR,Kemeny NE, et al. Predictors of a true complete response among disappearing liver metastases from colorectal cancer after chemotherapy. Cancer. 2010;116(6):1502-1509.
46. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9617):1007-1016. (Pubitemid 351392040)
47. Adam R, Bhangui P, Poston G, et al. Is perioperative chemotherapy useful for solitary, metachronous, colorectal liver metastases? Ann Surg. 2010;252(5):774-787.
48. Reddy SK, Zorzi D, Lum YW, et al. Timing of multimodality therapy for resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastases: a retrospective multiinstitutional analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(7):1809-1819.
49. Allen PJ,Kemeny N, Jarnagin W, et al. Importance of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastases. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7(1):109-115; discussion 116-117.
50. Adam R, Pascal G, Castaing D, et al. Tumor progression while on chemotherapy: a contraindication to liver resection for multiple colorectal metastases? Ann Surg. 2004;240(6):1052-1061; discussion 1061-1064.
51. Blazer DG, 3rd, Kishi Y,Maru DM, et al. Pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy: a new outcome end point after resection of hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(33):5344-5351.
52. Mentha G, Terraz S, Morel P, et al. Dangerous halo after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and two-step hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg. 2009;96(1):95-103.
53. Benoist S, Brouquet A, Penna C, et al. Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: does it mean cure? J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(24):3939-3945. (Pubitemid 46630742)
54. Adam R, Aloia T, Levi F, et al. Hepatic resection after rescue cetuximab treatment for colorectal liver metastases previously refractory to conventional systemic therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(29):4593-4602. (Pubitemid 350035318)
55. Zorzi D, Laurent A, Pawlik TM, et al. Chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity and surgery for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg. 2007;94(3):274-286. (Pubitemid 46423843)
56. Morris-Stiff G, Tan YM, Vauthey JN. Hepatic complications following preoperative chemotherapy with oxaliplatin or irinotecan for hepatic colorectal metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34(6):609-614. (Pubitemid 351671976)
57. Fong Y, Bentrem DJ. CASH (Chemotherapy-Associated Steatohepatitis) costs. Ann Surg. 2006;243(1):8-9. (Pubitemid 43054047)
58. Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D, et al. Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(13):2065-2072. (Pubitemid 46622116)
59. Rubbia-Brandt L, Audard V, Sartoretti P, et al. Severe hepatic sinusoidal obstruction associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(3):460-466. (Pubitemid 38444550)
60. Rubbia-Brandt L, Lauwers GY, Wang H, et al. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and nodular regenerative hyperplasia are frequent oxaliplatinassociated liver lesions and partially prevented by bevacizumab in patients with hepatic colorectal metastasis. Histopathology. 2010;56(4):430-439.
61. Vetelainen R, van Vliet AK, van Gulik TM. Severe steatosis increases hepatocellular injury and impairs liver regeneration in a rat model of partial hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2007;245(1):44-50. (Pubitemid 46035434)
62. DeAngelis RA, Markiewski MM, Taub R, et al. A high-fat diet impairs liver regeneration in C57BL/6 mice through overexpression of the NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaBalpha. Hepatology. 2005;42(5):1148-1157. (Pubitemid 43112682)
63. Ryan P, Nanji S, Pollett A, et al. Chemotherapy-induced liver injury in metastatic colorectal cancer: semiquantitative histologic analysis of 334 resected liver specimens shows that vascular injury but not steatohepatitis is associated with preoperative chemotherapy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(6):784-791.
64. El-Badry AM, Breitenstein S, Jochum W, et al. Assessment of hepatic steatosis by expert pathologists: the end of a gold standard. Ann Surg. 2009;250(5):691-697.
65. Nakano H, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, et al. Sinusoidal injury increases morbidity after major hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases receiving preoperative chemotherapy. Ann Surg. 2008;247(1):118-124.
66. AloiaT, SebaghM, Plasse M, et al.Liver histology and surgical outcomes after preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(31):4983-4990. (Pubitemid 46631400)
67. Kishi Y, Zorzi D, Contreras CM, et al. Extended preoperative chemotherapy does not improve pathologic response and increases postoperative liver insufficiency after hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Nov;17(11):2870-6.
68. Adam R, Bhangui P, Poston G, et al. Is perioperative chemotherapy useful for metachronous solitary colorectal liver metastases? Ann Surg. 2010 Nov;252(5):774-87.
69. Tanaka K, Shimada H, Ueda M, et al. Perioperative complications after hepatectomy with or without intra-arterial chemotherapy for bilobar colorectal cancer liver metastases. Surgery. 2006;139(5):599-607.
70. Barnett KT, Malafa MP. Complications of hepatic artery infusion: a review of 4580 reported cases. Int J Gastrointest Cancer. 2001;30(3):147-160. (Pubitemid 36306730)
71. Reddy SK, Morse MA, Hurwitz HI, et al. Addition of bevacizumab to irinotecan-and oxaliplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy regimens does not increase morbidity after resection of colorectal liver metastases. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206(1):96-106. (Pubitemid 350267242)
72. D'Angelica M, Kornprat P, Gonen M, et al. Lack of evidence for increased operative morbidity after hepatectomy with perioperative use of bevacizumab: a matched case-control study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(2):759-765. (Pubitemid 46175324)
73. Kesmodel SB, Ellis LM, Lin E, et al. Preoperative bevacizumab does not significantly increase postoperative complication rates in patients undergoing hepatic surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(32):5254-5260.
74. Mahfud M, Breitenstein S, El-Badry AM, et al. Impact of preoperative bevacizumab on complications after resection of colorectal liver metastases: case-matched control study. World J Surg. 2010;34(1):92-100.
75. Tamandl D, Gruenberger B, Klinger M, et al. Liver resection remains a safe procedure after neoadjuvant chemotherapy including bevacizumab: a casecontrolled study. Ann Surg. 2010;252(1):124-130.
76. Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Bechstein WO, et al. Tumour response and secondary resectability of colorectal liver metastases following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab: the CELIM randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jan;11(1):38-47.
77. Masi G, Loupakis F, Pollina L, et al. Long-term outcome of initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) followed by radical surgery of metastases. Ann Surg. 2009;249(3):420-425.
78. Clavien PA, Oberkofler CE, Raptis DA, et al. What is critical for liver surgery and partial liver transplantation: size or quality? Hepatology. 2010;52(2):715-729.
79. BrouquetA,Benoist S, Julie C, et al. Risk factors for chemotherapy-associated liver injuries: amultivariate analysis of a group of 146 patients with colorectal metastases. Surgery. 2009;145(4):362-371.
80. Soubrane O, Brouquet A, Zalinski S, et al. Predicting high grade lesions of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome related to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: correlation with post-hepatectomy outcome. Ann Surg. 2010;251(3):454-460.
81. Overman MJ, Maru DM, Charnsangavej C, et al. Oxaliplatin-mediated increase in spleen size as a biomarker for the development of hepatic sinusoidal injury. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(15):2549-2555.
82. Ribero D, Wang H, Donadon M, et al. Bevacizumab improves pathologic response and protects against hepatic injury in patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases. Cancer. 2007;110(12):2761-2767. (Pubitemid 350250347)
83. Deleve LD, Wang X, Tsai J, et al. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (venoocclusive disease) in the rat is prevented by matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(3):882-890. (Pubitemid 37070704)
84. Covey AM, Brown KT, Jarnagin WR, et al. Combined portal vein embolization and neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a treatment strategy for resectable hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2008;247(3):451-455.
85. Goere D, Farges O, Leporrier J, et al. Chemotherapy does not impair hypertrophy of the left liver after right portal vein obstruction. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006;10(3):365-370. (Pubitemid 43303830)
86. Giraudo G, Greget M, Oussoultzoglou E, et al. Preoperative contralateral portal vein embolization before major hepatic resection is a safe and efficient procedure: a large single institution experience. Surgery. 2008;143(4):476-482. (Pubitemid 351406381)
87. Zorzi D, Chun YS, Madoff DC, et al. Chemotherapy with bevacizumab does not affect liver regeneration after portal vein embolization in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(10):2765-2772.
88. Gruenberger B, Tamandl D, Schueller J, et al. Bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(11):1830-1835.
89. Aussilhou B, Dokmak S, Faivre S, et al. Preoperative liver hypertrophy induced by portal flow occlusion before major hepatic resection for colorectal metastases can be impaired by bevacizumab. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(6):1553-1559.
90. Taniguchi E, Sakisaka S, Matsuo K, et al. Expression and role of vascular endothelial growth factor in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. J Histochem Cytochem. 2001;49(1):121-130.
91. Drixler TA, Vogten MJ, Ritchie ED, et al. Liver regeneration is an angiogenesis-associated phenomenon. Ann Surg. 2002;236(6):703-711; discussion 711-712.
92. Welsh FK, Tilney HS, Tekkis PP, et al. Safe liver resection following chemotherapy for colorectal metastases is a matter of timing. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(7):1037-1042. (Pubitemid 46608314)
93. Takamoto T, Hashimoto T, Sano K, et al. Recovery of liver function after the cessation of preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(10):2747-2755.
94. Scappaticci FA, Fehrenbacher L, Cartwright T, et al. Surgical wound healing complications in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab. J Surg Oncol. 2005;91(3):173-180. (Pubitemid 41254420)
95. Wein A, Riedel C, Kockerling F, et al. Impact of surgery on survival in palliative patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after first line treatment with weekly 24-hour infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid. Ann Oncol. 2001;12(12):1721-7. (Pubitemid 34105662)
96. Chun YS, Vauthey JN, Ribero D, et al. Systemic chemotherapy and two-stage hepatectomy for extensive bilateral colorectal liver metastases: perioperative safety and survival. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(11):1498-504; discussion 1504-5.
97. Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, et al. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg. 2004;240(4):644-57; discussion 657-8.
98. Teufel A, Steinmann S, Siebler J, et al. Irinotecan plus folinic acid/continuous 5-fluorouracil as simplified bimonthly FOLFIRI regimen for first-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2004;4:38.
99. Tanaka K, Adam R, Shimada H, et al. Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of multiple colorectal metastases to the liver. Br J Surg. 2003;90(8):963-9. (Pubitemid 37026325)
100. Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F, et al. Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg. 1996;224(4):509-20.
101. Masi G, Cupini S, Marcucci L, et al. Treatment with 5-fluorouracil/ folinic acid, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan enables surgical resection of metastases in patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13(1):58-65. (Pubitemid 43117646)
102. Bathe OF, Ernst S, Sutherland FR, et al. A phase II experience with neoadjuvant irinotecan (CPT-11), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) for colorectal liver metastases. BMC Cancer. 2009;9:156.
103. Tamandl D, Gruenberger B, Herberger B, et al. Surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases is safe and feasible in elderly patients. J Surg Oncol. 2009;100(5):364-71.
104. Scoggins CR, Campbell ML, Landry CS, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy does not increase morbidity or mortality of hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(1): 35-41.
105. Lubezky N, Ben-Haim M, Nakache R, et al. Clinical presentation can predict disease course in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. World J Surg. 2010;34(1):126-32.
106. Gallagher DJ, Zheng J, CapanuM, et al. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not predict overall survival for patients with synchronous colorectal hepatic metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(7):1844-51.
107. Gruenberger B, ScheithauerW, Punzengruber R, et al. Importance of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in potentially curable colorectal cancer liver metastases. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:120.
108. Wein A, Riedel C, Bruckl W, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment with weekly highdose 5-Fluorouracil as 24-hour infusion, folinic acid and oxaliplatin in patients with primary resectable livermetastases of colorectal cancer. Oncology. 2003;64(2):131-8. (Pubitemid 36173378)
109. Small RM, Lubezky N, Shmueli E, et al. Response to chemotherapy predicts survival following resection of hepatic colo-rectal metastases in patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. J Surg Oncol. 2009;99(2):93-8.
110. Sahajpal A, Vollmer CM, Jr., Dixon E, et al. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer prior to liver resection for colorectal cancer hepatic metastases does not adversely affect peri-operative outcomes. J Surg Oncol. 2007;95(1):22-7. (Pubitemid 46122713)
111. Hubert C, Fervaille C, Sempoux C, et al. Prevalence and clinical relevance of pathological hepatic changes occurring after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases. Surgery. 2010;147(2):185-94.
112. Pawlik TM, Olino K, Gleisner AL, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: impact on hepatic histology and postoperative outcome. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(7):860-8.
113. Hewes JC, Dighe S, Morris RW, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy and the outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases. World J Surg. 2007;31(2):353-64; discussion 365-6. (Pubitemid 46183523)
114. Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M, et al. Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2006;243(1):1-7. (Pubitemid 43054046)
115. Yedibela S, Elad L, Wein A, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not increase postoperative complication rate after resection of colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005;31(2):141-6. (Pubitemid 40214748)
116. Parikh AA, Gentner B, Wu TT, et al. Perioperative complications in patients undergoing major liver resection with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7(8):1082-8. (Pubitemid 37526731)
117. Konopke R, Kersting S, Bunk A, et al. Colorectal liver metastasis surgery: analysis of risk factors predicting postoperative complications in relation to the extent of resection. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24(6):687-97.
118. Malik HZ, Farid S, Al-Mukthar A, et al. A critical appraisal of the role of neoadjuvant chemotheraphy for colorectal liver metastases: a case-controlled study. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14(2):3519-26. (Pubitemid 350160110)