MR imaging evaluation of perianal fistulas: Spectrum of imaging features

Radiographics

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 175-194

  Criado, Jaime de Miguel ^a   del Salto, Laura García ^a   Rivas, Patricia Fraga ^a   del Hoyo, Luis Felipe Aguilera ^a   Velasco, Leticia Gutiérrez ^a   Isabel Diez Perez de las Vacas M ^a   Marco Sanz, Ana G ^a   Paradela, Marcos Manzano ^a   Moreno, Eduardo Fraile ^b  

^a Refractive Surgeon at Clínica Baviera Madrid   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO INFANTA SOFÍA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANAL CANAL; ANUS DISEASE; ARTICLE; HUMAN; INTESTINE FISTULA; METHODOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOLOGY; PELVIS FLOOR;

ANAL CANAL; ANUS DISEASES; HUMANS; INTESTINAL FISTULA; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PELVIC FLOOR;

EID: 84855749718     PISSN: 02715333     EISSN: 15271323     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1148/rg.321115040     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Sainio P. Fistula-in-ano in a defined population: incidence and epidemiological aspects. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1984;73(4):219-224.
2. Lilius HG. Fistula-in-ano, an investigation of human foetal anal ducts and intramuscular glands and a clinical study of 150 patients. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1968;383:7-88.
3. Seow-Choen, Phillips RK. Insights gained from the management of problematical anal fistulae at St. Mark's Hospital, 1984-88. Br J Surg 1991;78(5): 539-541.
4. Beckingham IJ, Spencer JA, Ward J, Dyke GW, Adams C, Ambrose NS. Prospective evaluation of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of fistula in ano. Br J Surg 1996;83(10):1396-1398.
5. Buchanan G, Halligan S, Williams A, et al. Effect of MRI on clinical outcome of recurrent fistula-in-ano. Lancet 2002;360(9346):1661-1662.
6. Milligan ET, Morgan CN. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal: with special reference to anorectal fistula. Lancet 1934;224(5804):1150-1156.
7. Woodburne RT. Essentials of human anatomy. 7th ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1983.
8. Eisenhammer S. A new approach to the anorectal fistulous abscess based on the high intermuscular lesion. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1958;106(5):595-599.
9. Lunniss PJ, Phillips RK. Anatomy and function of the anal longitudinal muscle. Br J Surg 1992;79(9): 882-884.
10. Parks AG. Pathogenesis and treatment of fistula-in-ano. BMJ 1961;1(5224):463-469.
11. Chiari H. Uber die nalen divertikel der rectumshleimhaut undo ihre beziehung zu den anal fisteln. Wien Med Press 1878;19:1482-1483.
12. McColl I. The comparative anatomy and pathology of anal glands. Arris and Gale lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 25th February 1965. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1967;40(1): 36-67.
13. Practice parameters for treatment of fistula-in-ano: supporting documentation. The Standards Practice Task Force. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39(12): 1363-1372.
14. Kuijpers HC, Schulpen T. Fistulography for fistula-in-ano: is it useful? Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28(2): 103-104.
15. Halligan S, Stoker J. Imaging of fistula in ano. Radiology 2006;239(1):18-33.
16. Guillaumin E, Jeffrey RB Jr, Shea WJ, Asling CW, Goldberg HI. Perirectal inflammatory disease: CT findings. Radiology 1986;161(1):153-157.
17. Yousem DM, Fishman EK, Jones B. Crohn disease: perirectal and perianal findings at CT. Radiology 1988;167(2):331-334.
18. Law PJ, Bartram CI. Anal endosonography: technique and normal anatomy. Gastrointest Radiol 1989;14(4):349-353.
19. Van Outryve M, Pelckmans P, Fierens H, Van Maercke Y. Transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the anal sphincter. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1994;57(1):26-27.
20. Van Outryve MJ, Pelckmans PA, Michielsen PP, Van Maercke YM. Value of transrectal ultrasonography in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1991;101(5): 1171-1177.
21. Buchanan GN, Halligan S, Bartram CI, Williams AB, Tarroni D, Cohen CR. Clinical examination, endosonography, and MR imaging in preoperative assessment of fistula in ano: comparison with outcome-based reference standard. Radiology 2004; 233(3):674-681.
22. Lunniss PJ, Armstrong P, Barker PG, Reznek RH, Phillips RK. Magnetic resonance imaging of anal fistulae. Lancet 1992;340(8816):394-396.
23. Lunniss PJ, Barker PG, Sultan AH, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37(7):708-718.
24. Beets-Tan RG, Beets GL, van der Hoop AG, et al. Preoperative MR imaging of anal fistulas: does it really help the surgeon? Radiology 2001;218(1): 75-84.
25. Sahni VA, Ahmad R, Burling D. Which method is best for imaging of perianal fistula? Abdom Imaging 2008;33(1):26-30.
26. Bartram C, Buchanan G. Imaging anal fistula. Radiol Clin North Am 2003;41(2):443-457.
27. deSouza NM, Puni R, Gilderdale DJ, Bydder GM. Magnetic resonance imaging of the anal sphincter using an internal coil. Magn Reson Q 1995;11(1): 45-56.
28. Halligan S, Bartram CI. MR imaging of fistula in ano: are endoanal coils the gold standard? AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171(2):407-412.
29. deSouza NM, Gilderdale DJ, Coutts GA, Puni R, Steiner RE. MRI of fistula-in-ano: a comparison of endoanal coil with external phased array coil techniques. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1998;22(3): 357-363.
30. Halligan S, Buchanan G. MR imaging of fistula-in-ano. Eur J Radiol 2003;47(2):98-107.
31. Spencer JA, Chapple K, Wilson D, Ward J, Windsor AC, Ambrose NS. Outcome after surgery for perianal fistula: predictive value of MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171(2):403-406.
32. Ziech M, Felt-Bersma R, Stoker J. Imaging of perianal fistulas. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7 (10):1037-1045.
33. Barker PG, Lunniss PJ, Armstrong P, Reznek RH, Cottam K, Phillips RK. Magnetic resonance imaging of fistula-in-ano: technique, interpretation and accuracy. Clin Radiol 1994;49(1):7-13.
34. Delfaut EM, Beltran J, Johnson G, Rousseau J, Marchandise X, Cotten A. Fat suppression in MR imaging: techniques and pitfalls. RadioGraphics 1999;19(2):373-382.
35. Haggett PJ, Moore NR, Shearman JD, Travis SP, Jewell DP, Mortensen NJ. Pelvic and perineal complications of Crohn's disease: assessment using magnetic resonance imaging. Gut 1995;36(3): 407-410.
36. Spencer JA, Ward J, Beckingham IJ, Adams C, Ambrose NS. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of perianal fistulas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167 (3):735-741.
37. Haramati N, Penrod B, Staron RB, Barax CN. Surgical sutures: MR artifacts and sequence dependence. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994;4(2):209-211.
38. Yang RK, Roth CG, Ward RJ, deJesus JO, Mitchell DG. Optimizing abdominal MR imaging: approaches to common problems. RadioGraphics 2010;30(1):185-199.
39. Viano AM, Gronemeyer SA, Haliloglu M, Hoffer FA. Improved MR imaging for patients with metallic implants. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18(3): 287-295.
40. Kim H, Lim JS, Choi JY, et al. Rectal cancer: comparison of accuracy of local-regional staging with two-and three-dimensional preoperative 3-T MR imaging. Radiology 2010;254(2):485-492.
41. Lichy MP, Wietek BM, Mugler JP 3rd, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the body trunk using a single-slab, 3-dimensional, T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequence with high sampling efficiency (SPACE) for high spatial resolution imaging: initial clinical experiences. Invest Radiol 2005;40(12): 754-760.
42. Proscia N, Jaffe TA, Neville AM, Wang CL, Dale BM, Merkle EM. MRI of the pelvis in women: 3D versus 2D T2-weighted technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010;195(1):254-259.
43. Schaefer O, Lohrmann C, Langer M. Assessment of anal fistulas with high-resolution subtraction MR-fistulography: comparison with surgical findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004;19(1):91-98.
44. Hori M, Oto A, Orrin S, Suzuki K, Baron RL. Diffusion-weighted MRI: a new tool for the diagnosis of fistula in ano. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009;30(5): 1021-1026.
45. Horsthuis K, Lavini C, Bipat S, Stokkers PC, Stoker J. Perianal Crohn disease: evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging as an indicator of disease activity. Radiology 2009;251(2):380-387.
46. Barth MM, Smith MP, Pedrosa I, Lenkinski RE, Rofsky NM. Body MR imaging at 3.0 T: understanding the opportunities and challenges. RadioGraphics 2007;27(5):1445-1462; discussion 1462-1464.
47. Chang KJ, Kamel IR, Macura KJ, Bluemke DA. 3.0-T MR imaging of the abdomen: comparison with 1.5 T. RadioGraphics 2008;28(7):1983-1998.
48. Morris J, Spencer JA, Ambrose NS. MR imaging classification of perianal fistulas and its implications for patient management. RadioGraphics 2000;20 (3):623-635; discussion 635-637.
49. Parks AG, Gordon PH, Hardcastle JD. A classification of fistula-in-ano. Br J Surg 1976;63(1):1-12.
50. Chapple KS, Spencer JA, Windsor AC, Wilson D, Ward J, Ambrose NS. Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43(4):511-516.
51. Hussain SM, Outwater EK, Joekes EC, et al. Clinical and MR imaging features of cryptoglandular and Crohn's fistulas and abscesses. Abdom Imaging 2000;25(1):67-74.
52. Buchanan GN, Bartram CI, Phillips RK, et al. Efficacy of fibrin sealant in the management of complex anal fistula: a prospective trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46(9):1167-1174.
53. Bell SJ, Halligan S, Windsor AC, Williams AB, Wiesel P, Kamm MA. Response of fistulating Crohn's disease to infliximab treatment assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17(3):387-393.
54. Karmiris K, Bielen D, Vanbeckevoort D, et al. Long-term monitoring of infliximab therapy for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease by using magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9 (2):130-136.
55. Van Assche G, Vanbeckevoort D, Bielen D, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the effects of infliximab on perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98(2):332-339.
56. Gould SW, Martin S, Agarwal T, Patel B, Gedroyc W, Darzi A. Image-guided surgery for anal fistula in a 0.5T interventional MRI unit. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002;16(3):267-276.