Barrierless hole injection through sub-bandgap occupied states in organic light emitting diodes using substoichiometric MoO x anode interfacial layer

Applied Physics Letters

Volumn 100, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Vasilopoulou, Maria ^a   Palilis, Leonidas C ^a,b   Georgiadou, Dimitra G ^a   Kennou, Stella ^b   Kostis, Ioannis ^a   Davazoglou, Dimitris ^a   Argitis, Panagiotis ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BAND ALIGNMENTS; EFFICIENT ANODE; GAP STATE; HIGHEST OCCUPIED MOLECULAR ORBITAL; HOLE INJECTION; HOLE-ONLY DEVICE; INTERFACIAL LAYER; MODIFIED INTERFACES; SPACE-CHARGE LIMITED;

ALIGNMENT; MOLECULAR ORBITALS; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; OHMIC CONTACTS; ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED); SEMICONDUCTING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

ELECTRON INJECTION;

EID: 84855557034     PISSN: 00036951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.3673283     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. C. W. Tang and S. A. VanSlyke, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 913 (1987). 10.1063/1.98799
2. J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, and A. B. Holmes, Nature 347, 539 (1990). 10.1038/347539a0
3. K. Morii, M. Ishida, T. Takashima, T. Shimoda, Q. Wang, M. K. Nazeeruddin, and M. Grätzel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 183510 (2006). 10.1063/1.2374812 (Pubitemid 44705768)
4. H. Ma, H.-L. Yip, F. Huang, and A. K.-Y. Jen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 1371 (2010). 10.1002/adfm.200902236
5. L. C. Palilis, M. Vasilopoulou, D. G. Georgiadou, and P. Argitis, Org. Electron. 11, 887 (2010). 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.02.004
6. H. Lee, S. W. Cho, K. Han, P. E. Jeon, C.-N. Whang, K. Jeong, K. Cho, and Y. Yi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 043308 (2008). 10.1063/1.2965120
7. Y. Nakayama, K. Morii, Y. Suzuki, H. Machida, S. Kera, N. Ueno, H. Kitagawa, Y. Noguchi, and H. Ishii, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 3746 (2009). 10.1002/adfm.200901022
8. M. Kröger, S. Hamwi, J. Meyer, T. Riedl, W. Kowalsky, and A. Kahn, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 123301 (2009). 10.1063/1.3231928
9. J. Meyer, S. Hamwi, S. Schmale, T. Winkler, H.-H. Johannes, T. Riedl, and W. J. Kowalsky, Mater. Chem. 19, 702 (2009). 10.1039/b819485h
10. M. Kröger, S. Hamwi, J. Meyer, T. Riedl, W. Kowalsky, and A. Kahn, Org. Electron. 10, 932 (2009). 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.05.007
11. S. Hamwi, J. Meyer, M. Kröger, T. Winkler, M. Witte, T. Riedl, A. Kahn, and W. Kowalsky, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 1762 (2010). 10.1002/adfm. 201000301
12. J. Meyer, A. Shu, M. Kröger, and A. Kahn, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 133308 (2010). 10.1063/1.3374333
13. Irfan, H. Ding, Y. Gao, D. Y. Kim, J. Subbiah, and F. So, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 073304 (2010). 10.1063/1.3309600
14. D. Kabra, L. P. Lu, M. H. Song, H. J. Snaith, and R. H. Friend, Adv. Mater. 22, 3194 (2010). 10.1002/adma.201000317
15. T. Matsushima, Y. Kinoshita, and H. Murata, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 253504 (2007). 10.1063/1.2825275
16. Y. Vaynzof, D. Kabra, L.-L. Chua, and R. H. Friend, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 113306 (2011). 10.1063/1.3564903
17. M. C. Gwinner, R. Di Pietro, Y. Vaynzof, K. J. Greenberg, P. K. H. Ho, R. H. Friend, and H. Sirringhaus, Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 1432 (2011). 10.1002/adfm.201002696
18. A. Buckley, D. Pickup, C. Yates, Y. Zhao, and D. Lidzey, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 084509 (2011). 10.1063/1.3562184
19. H. T. Nicolai, G.-J. A. H. Wetzelaer, M. Kuik, A. J. Kronemeijer, B. de Boer, and P. W. M. Blom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 172107 (2010). 10.1063/1.3391668
20. M. T. Greiner, M. G. Helander, W.-M. Tang, Z.-B. Wang, J. Qiu, and Z.-H. Lu, Nat. Mater. 11, 76 (2012). 10.1038/nmat3159
21. Y. Sun, C. J. Takacs, S. R. Cowan, J. H. Seo, X. Gong, A. Roy, and A. Heeger, Adv. Mater. 23, 2226 (2011). 10.1002/adma.201100038
22. M. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Tian, Y. Geng, and C. W. Tang, Adv. Mater. 23, 4960 (2011). 10.1002/adma.201102173
23. M. Vasilopoulou, L. C. Palilis, D. G. Georgiadou, P. Argitis, S. Kennou, L. Syggelou, I. Kostis, G. Papadimitropoulos, N. Konofaos, A. Iliadis, and D. Davazoglou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 (12), 123301 (2011). 10.1063/1.3557502
24. M. Vasilopoulou, L. C. Palilis, D. G. Georgiadou, A. M. Douvas, P. Argitis, S. Kennou, L. Syggelou, G. Papadimitropoulos, I. Kostis,.. Stathopoulos, and D. Davazoglou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 1489 (2011). 10.1002/adfm.201002171
25. G. Papadimitropoulos, N. Vourdas, K. Giannakopoulos, M. Vasilopoulou, and D. Davazoglou, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 103527 (2011). 10.1063/1.3585839