A vegetation-based hierarchical classification for seasonally pulsed floodplains in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

African Journal of Aquatic Science

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 223-234

  Murray Hudson, M ^a   Combs, F ^a   Wolski, P ^a   Brown, M T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

ecological monitoring; indicator species; plant communities; wetland

Indexed keywords

CHLORIS VIRGATA; CYCNIUM; CYPERUS; CYPERUS ARTICULATUS; ELEOCHARIS; ELEOCHARIS DULCIS; ELEOCHARIS VARIEGATA; ERAGROSTIS; FUIRENA PUBESCENS; IPOMOEA; IPOMOEA COPTICA; LAPPULA; LEERSIA HEXANDRA; ORYZA; ORYZA LONGISTAMINATA; PECHUEL-LOESCHEA LEUBNITZIAE; SACCIOLEPIS; SETARIA (PLANT); SETARIA SPHACELATA; UROCHLOA MOSAMBICENSIS;

EID: 84855516697     PISSN: 16085914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2989/16085914.2011.636904     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Acharya, G. 2000. Approaches to valuing the hidden hydrological services of wetland ecosystems. Ecological Economics, 35: 63-74.
2. Andersson, L, Wilk, J, Todd, M C, Hughes, D A, Earle, A, Kniveton, D, Layberry, R and Savenije, H HG. 2006. Impact of climate change and development scenarios on flow patterns in the Okavango River. Journal of Hydrology, 331: 43-57.
3. Ashton, P and Neal, M. 2003. "An overview of key strategic issues in the Okavango basin". In Transboundary rivers, sovereignty and development: hydropoliti-cal drivers in the Okavango River basin, Edited by: Turton, A, Ashton, P and Cloete, E. 31-63. Pretoria: African Water Issues Research Unit and Green Cross International.
4. Barbier, EB. 1994. Valuing environmental functions: tropical wetlands. LandEconomics, lO: 155-173.
5. Bayley, PB. 1995. Understanding large river-floodplain ecosystems. BioScience, 45: 153-158.
6. Biggs, RC. 1979. The ecology of Chiefs Island and the adjacent floodplains of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, South Africa: MSc thesis, University of Pretoria.
7. Biondini, M E, Mielke, P W and Berry, K J. 1988. Data-dependent permutation techniques for the analysis of ecological data. Vegetatio, 75: 161-168.
8. Bonyongo, M C, Bredenkamp, G J and Veenendaal, E. 2000. Floodplain vegetation in the Nxaraga Lagoon area, Okavango Delta, Botswana. South African Journal of Botany, 66: 15-21.
9. Colwell, RK. 2006. Estimates: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 8 Persistent URL: http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/EstimateS [accessed 14 November 2011]
10. Conservation International. 2003. AquaRAP II: rapid assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: preliminary report, Washington: Conservation International.
11. Dufrene, M and Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs, 61: 53-73.
12. Ellery, K and Ellery, W. 1997. Plants of the Okavango Delta: a field guide., Durban: Tsaro Publishers.
13. Ellery, W N, Ellery, K, Rogers, K H, McCarthy, T S and Walker, B H. 1990. Vegetation of channels of the northeastern Okavango Delta, Botswana. African Journal of Ecology, 28: 276-290.
14. Ellery, W N, McCarthy, T S and Smith, N D. 2003. Vegetation, hydrology, and sedimentation patterns on the major distributary system of the Okavango Fan, Botswana. Wetlands, 23: 357-375.
15. Germishuizen, G and Meyer, N L. 2007. Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist. Available at http://posa.sanbi.org [accessed 14 November 2011],
16. Heemstra, HH. 1976. Investigation of the Okavango as a primary water resource for Botswana: the vegetation of the seasonal swamps, Technical Note no. 28. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
17. Jansen, R. 2002. The Okavango Delta Management Plan project: application of an ecosystem-based planning approach. Paper presented at the 17th Global Biodiversity Forum, 15-17 November 2002, Valencia: Spain. Available at http://www.ees.ufl.edu/homepp/brown/hoorc/docs/5%20Papers%20&%20Paper%20Abstracts/Jansen%208.4.doc [accessed 14 November 2011]
18. Jansen, R. 2003. "How integral is wetland monitoring to integrated wetland management? The case of the Okavango Delta Management Plan". In Environmental Monitoring of Tropical and Subtropical WetlandsConference, Vol. 2003, Botswana: Maun.
19. Junk, W, Brown, M, Campbell, I, Finlayson, M, Gopal, B, Ramberg, L and Warner, B. 2006. The comparative biodiversity of seven globally important wetlands: a synthesis. Aquatic Sciences, 68: 400-414.
20. Junk, WJ. 2000. "Neotropical floodplains: a continental-wide view". In The Central Amazon floodplain: actual use and options for a sustainable management, Edited by: Junk, W J. 5-24. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.
21. Junk, W J and Piedade, M TF. 1993. Herbaceous plants of the Amazon floodplain near Manaus: species diversity and adaptations to the flood pulse. Amazoniana, 12: 467-484.
22. Kruskal, JB. 1964. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method. Psychometrika, 29: 115-129.
23. Mather, PM. 1976. Computational methods of multivariate analysis in physical geography, London: John Wley and Sons.
24. McCarthy, J, Gumbricht, T and McCarthy, T S. 2005. Ecoregion classification in the Okavango Delta, Botswana from multitemporal remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26: 4339-4357.
25. McCune, B and Mefford, M J. 2006. PC-ORD: multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 5.10, Gleneden Beach: MjM Software.
26. McGinley, M. 2008. "Zambezian flooded grasslands". In Encyclopedia of Earth, Edited by: Cleveland, C J. Washington, DC: World Wldlife Fund and Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment.
27. Mitsch, W J and Gosselink, J G. 2000. Wetlands, (3rd edn)., New York: John Wley and Sons.
28. National Conservation Strategy Agency. 2000. Botswana wetlands policy and strategy, Gaborone: Department of Environmental Affairs, Government of Botswana.
29. Postel, SL. 2000. Entering an era of water scarcity: the challenges ahead. Ecological Applications, 10: 941-948.
30. Ramberg, L, Hancock, P, Lindholm, M, Meyer, T, Ringrose, S, Sliva, J, van As, J and Vanderpost, C. 2006. Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Aquatic Sciences, 68: 310-337.
31. Ringrose, S, Matheson, W and Boyle, T. 1988. Differentiation of ecological zones in the Okavango Delta, Botswana by classification and contextural analyses of Landsat MSS data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54: 601-608.
32. Sliva, J, Murray-Hudson, M and Heinl, M. 2004. "Vegetation species diversity in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". In AquaRap II: a rapid assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Low Water Survey, Edited by: Mosepele, B and Mosepele, K. 69-83. Washington, DC: Conservation International.
33. Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation. 1989. Ecological zoning, Okavango Delta, Gaborone: Ministry of Local Government and Lands.
34. Wlson, M A and Carpenter, S R. 1999. Economic valuation of freshwater ecosystem services in the United States: 1971-1997. Ecological Applications, 9: 772-783.
35. Wolski, P and Murray-Hudson, M. 2006. Reconstruction of 1989-2005 inundation history in the Okavango Delta, Botswana from archival Landsat imagery. Poster presented at the GLOBWETLAND Symposium, 19-20 October 2006, Italy: Frascati. Available at http://aquaticcommons.Org/2242/1/wolski_reconstruction_of_inundation_2006_pw.pdf [accessed 14 November 2011]