The Process of Cross-Cultural Therapy between White Therapists and Clients of African-Caribbean Descent

Qualitative Research in Psychology

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 62-74

  Dos Santos, Olga ^a   Dallos, Rudi ^b  

^a BLACKBERRY HILL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

African Caribbean clients; culture; ethnicity; psychotherapy; psychotherapy process; race; white therapists

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855495479     PISSN: 14780887     EISSN: 14780895     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2012.630827     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Aitken, G. 1996. 'Exploring race and gender in referrals to and engagement in clinical psychology services', Unpublished Doctorate in Clinical Psychology dissertation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester.
2. Aitken, G. 1998. Reflections on working with and across differences in clinical psychology encounters. Clinical Psychology Forum, 111: 11-7.
3. Atkinson, DR. 1983. Ethnic similarity in counseling psychology: a review of research. The Counseling Psychologist, 11: 79-92.
4. Braun, V and Clarke, V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3: 77-101.
5. Buckley, J. 2003. 'White racial identity and white therapists' experience of cross-cultural work', PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.
6. Burr, V. 1995. An introduction to social constructionism, London: Routledge.
7. Carter, RT. 1995. The influence of race and racial identity in psychotherapy: towards a racially inclusive model, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
8. Condit, CM, Parrott, R and Harris, TM. 2002. Lay understandings of the relationship between race and genetics: development of a collectivized knowledge through shared discourse. Public Understanding of Science, 11: 373-87.
9. Cross, Jr WE. 1971. The Negro to Black conversion experience. Black World, 20: 13-27.
10. Department of Health. 2005. Delivering race equality in mental health care, London: Department of Health.
11. Fairclough, N. 2003. Political correctness. The politics of culture and language. Discourse and Society, 14: 17-28.
12. Fernando, S. 2002. Mental health, race and culture, London: Palgrave.
13. Flaskerud, JH. 1990. Matching client and therapist ethnicity, language and gender: a review of the research. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 11: 321-36.
14. Gardner, LH. 1971. The therapeutic relationship under varying conditions of race. Psychotherapy, Research and Practice, 8: 78-87.
15. Gergen, KJ. 1989. Social psychology and the wrong revolution. European Journal of Social Psychology, 19: 463-484.
16. Griffith, MS. 1977. The influence of race on the psychotherapeutic relationship. Psychiatry, 49: 27-40.
17. Harrison, DK. 1975. Race as a counselor-client variable in counseling and psychotherapy: a review of research. The Counseling Psychologist, 5: 124-133.
18. Helms, J. 1984. Toward a theoretical explanation of the effects of race on counselling: a black and white model. The Counselling Psychologist, 12: 153-65.
19. Jacobs, L. 2000. For whites only. British Gestalt Journal, 9(1): 3-14.
20. Knox, S, Ponterrotto, G and Suzuki, L. 2003. African American and European American therapists' experiences of addressing race in cross-racial psychotherapy dyads. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 50: 466-81.
21. Lago, C and Thompson, JM. 1996. Race, culture and counselling, Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
22. Lee, S-J, Mountain, J, Koening, B, Altman, R, Brown, M, Camarillo, A, Cavalli-Sforza, L, Cho, M, Eberhardt, J, Feldman, M, Ford, R, Greely, H, King, R, Satz, D, Snipp, M, Steele, C and Underhill, P. 2008. The ethics of characterizing difference: guiding principles on using racial categories in human genetics. Genome Biology, 9(7): 1-4.
23. McIntosh, P. 1995. "White privilege and male privilege: a personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women's studies". In Race, class and gender, Edited by: Anderson, M and Collins, P. New York: Wadsworth Publishing.
24. Parker, I. 1999. Critical textwork: an introduction to varieties of discourses and analysis, Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
25. Qureshi, A. 2007. I was being myself but being an actor: the experience of inter-racial therapy. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory Research and Practice, 80: 467-79.
26. Rennie, DL. 2004. Anglo-North American qualitative counselling and psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy Research, 14: 37-55.
27. Ryde, J. 2009. Being white in the helping professions: developing effective intercultural awareness, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
28. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, The. 2002. Breaking the circles of fear, London: The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Heath.
29. Sattler, JM. 1977. "The effects of therapist-client racial similarity". In Effective Psychotherapy a Handbook of Research, Edited by: Gurman, AS and Razin, AM. New York: Pergamon.
30. Sue, S. 1988. Psychotherapeutic services for ethnic minorities: two decades of research findings. American Psychologist, 43(4): 301-8.
31. Tummala-Narra, P. 2007. Skin colour and the therapeutic relationship. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 24(2): 255-70.
32. Wetherell, M and Maybin, J. 1996. "The distributed self: a social constructionist perspective". In Understanding the self, Edited by: Stevens, R. 219-80. London: Sage Publications.
33. Willig, C. 2001. Introducing qualitative research in psychology: adventures in theory and method, London: Open University Press.
34. Wilson, JK. 1996. The myth of political correctness: conservative attack on higher education, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.