Effect of injection molding parameters on nanofillers dispersion in masterbatch based PP-clay nanocomposites

Express Polymer Letters

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 237-248

  Rajesh, J J ^a,b   Soulestin, J ^a,b   Lacrampe, M F ^a,b   Krawczak, P ^a,b  

^a UNIV LILLE   (France)

^b ECOLE DES MINES DE DOUAI   (France)

Author keywords

Masterbatch; Montmorillonite; Nanocomposites; Polypropylene; Rheology

Indexed keywords

BACK PRESSURES; CLAY PLATELETS; COMPLEX VISCOSITY; DISPERSION DEGREE; DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; HIGH BACK PRESSURE; HIGH SHEAR; HOLDING PRESSURE; INJECTION FLOW RATE; INJECTION PARAMETERS; INJECTION-MOLDING PARAMETERS; MASTERBATCH; NANO-FILLERS; NANO-PLATELETS; NANOCLAY DISPERSION; NANOFILLER DISPERSIONS; PP MATRIX; PROCESS PARAMETERS; RESIDENCE TIME; ROTATIONAL SPEED; TAGUCHI ANALYSIS; YOUNG MODULUS;

CLAY MINERALS; ELASTIC MODULI; FLOW RATE; INJECTION MOLDING; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENES; RHEOLOGY; SCREWS;

DISPERSIONS;

EID: 84855464700     PISSN: 1788618X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.26     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Utracki L. A.: Clay-containing polymeric nanocomposites. Rapra Technology, Shawbury (2004).
2. Gupta B., Lacrampe M-F., Krawczak P.: Polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites: A critical review. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 14, 13-38 (2006).
3. Aloui M., Soulestin J., Lacrampe M-F., Krawczak P., Rousseaux D., Marchand-Brynaert J., Devaux J., Quiévy N., Sclavons M.: A new elaboration concept of polypropylene/unmodified Montmorillonite nanocomposites by reactive extrusion based on direct injection of polypropylene aqueous suspensions. Polymer Engineering and Science, 49, 2276-2285 (2009). DOI: 10.1002/pen.21474.
4. Wang Z. M., Nakajima H., Manias E., Chung T. C.: Exfoliated PP/clay nanocomposites using ammonium terminated PP as the organic modification for montmorillonite. Macromolecules, 36, 8919-8922 (2003). DOI: 10.1021/ma035291l.
5. Xu L., Nakajima H., Manias E., Krishnamoorti R.: Tailored nanocomposites of polypropylene with layered silicates. Macromolecules, 42, 3795-3803 (2009). DOI: 10.1021/ma9002853.
6. +-montmorillonite nanocomposites as fillers for reinforcement of polyethylene. Polymer, 42, 10007-10011 (2001). DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00563-8.
7. Reichert P., Hoffmann B., Bock T., Thomann R., Mül-haupt R., Friedrich C.: Morphological stability of poly(propylene) nanocomposites. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 22, 519-523 (2001). DOI: 10.1002/1521-3927(20010401)22:7<519::AIDMARC519>3.0.CO;2-W.
8. Gagali G., Ramesh C., Lele A.: A rheological study on the kinetics of hybrid formation in polypropylene nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 34, 852-858 (2001). DOI: 10.1021/ma000565f.
9. Solomon M. J., Almusallam Q. S., Seefeldt K. F., Somwangthanaroj A., Varadan P.: Rheology of polypropylene/clay hybrid materials. Macromolecules, 34, 1864-1872 (2001). DOI: 10.1021/ma001122e.
10. García-López D., Picazo O., Merino J. C., Pastor J. M.: Polypropylene-clay nanocomposites: Effect of compatibilizing agents on clay dispersion. European Polymer Journal, 39, 945-950 (2003). DOI: 10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00333-6.
11. Jian L., Zhou C., Gang W., Wei Y., Ying T., Qing L.: Preparation and linear rheological behavior of polypropylene/MMT nanocomposites. Polymer Composites, 24, 323-331 (2003). DOI: 10.1002/pc.10032.
12. Li J., Zhou C., Wang G., Zhao D.: Study on rheological behavior of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89, 3609-3617 (2003). DOI: 10.1002/app.12643.
13. Gu S-Y., Ren J., Wang Q-F.: Rheology of poly(propylene)/clay nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 2427-2434 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/app.13403.
14. Treece M. A., Oberhauser J. P.: Soft glassy dynamics in polypropylene-clay nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 40, 571-582 (2007). DOI: 10.1021/ma0612374.
15. Manias E., Touny A., Wu L., Strawhecker K., Lu B., Chung T. C.: Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Review of the synthetic routes and materials properties. Chemistry of Materials, 13, 3516-3523 (2001). DOI: 10.1021/cm0110627.
16. Rousseaux D. D. J., Sallem-Idrissi N., Baudouin A., Devaux J., Godard P., Marchand-Brynaert J., Sclavons M.: Water-assisted extrusion of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites: A comprehensive study. Polymer, 52, 443-451 (2011). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.027.
17. Trotignon J-P., Verdu J.: Skin-core structure-fatigue behavior relationships for injection-molded parts of polypropylene. I. Influence of molecular weight and injection conditions on the morphology. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 34, 1-18 (1987). DOI: 10.1002/app.1987.070340101.
18. Čermák.R., Obadal M., Poníil P., Polášková M., Stoklasa K., Lengálová A.: Injection-moulded α and β polypropylenes: I. Structure vs. processing parameters. European Polymer Journal, 41, 1838-1845 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.02.020.
19. LaFranche E., Brassart G., Krawczak P.: Processinginduced morphology: Its relationship with tensileimpact behaviour in injection-moulded polypropylene. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 14, 563-576 (2006).
20. Médéric P., Razafinimaro T., Aubry T., Moan M., Klopffer M-H.: Rheological and structural investigation of layered silicate nanocomposites based on polyamide or polyethylene: Influence of processing conditions and volume fraction effects. Macromolecular Symposia, 221, 75-84 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/masy.200550308.
21. Peltola P., Välipakka E., Vuorinen J., Syrjälä S., Hanhi K.: Effect of rotational speed of twin screw extruder on the microstructure and rheological and mechanical properties of nanoclay-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering and Science, 46, 995-1000 (2006). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20586.
22. Lertwimolnun W., Vergnes B.: Influence of compatibilizer and processing conditions on the dispersion of nanoclay in a polypropylene matrix. Polymer, 46, 3462-3471 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.018.
23. Modesti M., Lorenzetti A., Bon D., Besco S.: Effect of processing conditions on morphology and mechanical properties of compatibilized polypropylene nanocomposites. Polymer, 46, 10237-10245 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.035.
24. Kracalik M., Laske S., Gschweitl M., Friesenbichler W., Langecker G. R.: Advanced compounding: Extrusion of polypropylene nanocomposites using the melt pump. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113, 1422-1428 (2009). DOI: 10.1002/app.29888.
25. Treece M. A., Zhang W., Moffitt R. D., Oberhauser J. P.: Twin-screw extrusion of polypropylene-clay nanocomposites: Influence of masterbatch processing, screw rotation mode, and sequence. Polymer Engineering and Science, 47, 898-911 (2007). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20774.
26. Li Y-C., Chen G-H.: HDPE/expanded graphite nanocomposites prepared via masterbatch process. Polymer Engineering and Science, 47, 882-888 (2007). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20772.
27. Pötschke P., Bhattacharyya A. R., Alig I., Dudkin S. M., Leonhardt A., Täschner C., Ritschel M., Roth S., Hornbostel B., Cech J.: Dispersion of carbon nanotubes into thermoplastic polymers using melt mixing. in "Electronic properties of synthetic nanostructures: XVIII international winterschool/euroconference on electronic properties of novel materials" (eds.: Kuzmany H., Fink J., Mehring M., Roth S.) American Institute of Physic, Washington 478-482 (2004).
28. Shah R. K., Paul D. R.: Nylon 6 nanocomposites prepared by a melt mixing masterbatch process. Polymer, 45, 2991-3000 (2004). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.02.058.
29. Yilmazer U., Ozden G.: Polystyrene-organoclay nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation, in situ, and masterbatch methods. Polymer Composites, 27, 249255 (2006). DOI: 10.1002/pc.20191.
30. Dorigato A., Pegoretti A., Penati A.: Linear low-density polyethylene/silica microand nanocomposites: Dynamic rheological measurements and modelling. Express Polymer Letters, 4, 115-129 (2010). DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.16.
31. Sarvestani A. S.: Modeling the solid-like behavior of entangled polymer nanocomposites at low frequency regimes. European Polymer Journal, 44, 263-269 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.11.023.
32. Le Meins J-F., Moldenaers P., Mewis J.: Suspensions in polymer melts. 1. Effect of particle size on the shear flow behavior. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 41, 6297-6304 (2002). DOI: 10.1021/ie020117r.
33. Osman M. A., Atallah A.: Interparticle and particlematrix interactions in polyethylene reinforcement and viscoelasticity. Polymer, 46, 9476-9488 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.030.
34. Hoffmann B., Kressler J., Stöpplemann G., Friedrich C., Kim G-M.: Rheology of nanocomposites based on layered silicates and polyamide-12. Colloid and Polymer Science, 278, 629-636 (2000). DOI: 10.1007/s003960000294.
35. Chow W. S., Mohd Ishak Z. A., Karger-Kocsis J.: Morphological and rheological properties of polyamide 6/poly(propylene)/organoclay nanocomposites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 290, 122-127 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/mame.200400269.
36. Wang K., Zhao P., Yang H., Liang S., Zhang Q., Du R., Fu Q., Yu Z., Chen E.: Unique clay orientation in the injection-molded bar of isotactic polypropylene/clay nanocomposite. Polymer, 47, 7103-7110 (2006). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.08.022.
37. Taguchi G., Konishi S., Wu Y.: Quality engineering series, Vol. 1, Taguchi methods, research and development. ASI, Dearborn (1992).
38. Wang K., Liang S., Zhao P., Qu C., Tan H., Du R., Zhang Q., Fu Q.: Correlation of rheology-orientationtensile property in isotactic polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites. Acta Materialia, 55, 3143-3154 (2007). DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.020.
39. Ray S. S.: Rheology of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 12, 811-842 (2006).
40. Zhao J., Morgan A. B., Harris J. D.: Rheological characterization of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites to compare the degree of exfoliation and dispersion. Polymer, 46, 8641-8660 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.038.
41. Samyn F., Bourbigot S., Jama C., Bellayer S., Nazare S., Hull R., Castrovinci A., Fina A., Camino G.: Crossed characterisation of polymer-layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposite morphology: TEM, X-ray diffraction, rheology and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. European Polymer Journal, 44, 1642-1653 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.021.
42. Soulestin J., Rashmi B. J., Bourbigot S., Lacrampe M. F., Krawczak P.: Mechanical and optical properties of polyamide 6/clay nanocomposite cast-films: Influence of the exfoliation degree. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, in press (2011). DOI: 10.1002/mame.201100202.
43. Touchaleaume F., Soulestin J., Sclavons M., Devaux J., Lacrampe M. F., Krawczak P.: One-step waterassisted melt-compounding of polyamide 6/pristine clay nanocomposites: An efficient way to prevent matrix degradation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 96, 1890-1900 (2011). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.07.005.
44. Prashantha K., Soulestin J., Lacrampe M. F., Claes M., Dupin G., Krawczak P.: Multi-walled carbon nanotube filled polypropylene nanocomposites based on masterbatch route: Improvement of dispersion and mechanical properties through PP-g-MA addition. Express Polymer Letters, 2, 735-745 (2008). DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.87.
45. Prashantha K., Soulestin J., Lacrampe M. F., Krawczak P., Dupin G., Claes M.: Masterbatch-based multiwalled carbon nanotube filled polypropylene nanocomposites: Assessment of rheological and mechanical properties. Composites Science and Technology, 69, 1756-1763 (2009). DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.10.005.
46. Rosato D. V., Rosato M. G.: Injection molding handbook. Kluwer, Norwell (2000).