Modular processes in mind and brain

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Volumn 28, Issue 3-4, 2011, Pages 156-208

  Sternberg, Saul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION; EVOKED RESPONSE; HUMAN; NERVE CELL; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; REVIEW;

BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION; EVOKED POTENTIALS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEUROIMAGING; NEURONS; REACTION TIME; SIGNAL DETECTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84855436756     PISSN: 02643294     EISSN: 14640627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2011.557231     Document Type: Article

References (133)

1. Albrecht, D. G., Geisler, W. S. and Crane, A. M. 2003. "Nonlinear properties of visual cortex neurons: Temporal dynamics, stimulus selectivity, neural performance". In The visual neurosciences, Edited by: Chalupa, L. and Werner, J. 747-764. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
2. Ashbridge, E., Walsh, V. and Cowey, A. 1997. Temporal aspects of visual search studied by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychologia, 35: 1121-1131.
3. Ashby, F. G. 1982. Deriving exact predictions from the cascade model. Psychological Review, 89: 599-607.
4. Ashby, F. G. and Maddox, W. T. 1994. A response time theory of separability and integrality in speeded classification. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 38: 423-466.
5. Balkin, T. J., Rupp, T., Picchioni, D. and Wesensten, N. J. 2008. Sleep loss and sleepiness: Current issues. Chest, 134: 653-660.
6. Berger, R. L. and Hsu, J. C. 1996. Bioequivalence trials, intersection-union tests and equivalence confidence sets. Statistical Science, 11: 283-319.
7. Biederman, I. and Kaplan, R. 1970. Stimulus discriminability and stimulus response compatibility: Evidence for independent effects on choice reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86: 434-439.
8. Boynton, G. M., Engel, S. A., Glover, G. H. and Heeger, D. J. 1996. Linear systems analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging in human V1. Journal of Neuroscience, 16: 4207-21.
9. Boynton, G. M. and Finney, E. M. 2003. Orientation-specific adaptation in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 23: 8781-7.
10. Braver, T. S., Cohen, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Jonides, J., Smith, E. E. and Noll, D. C. 1997. A parametric study of prefrontal cortex involvement in human working memory. Neuroimage, 5: 49-62.
11. Broadbent, D. E. 1984. The Maltese cross: A new simplistic model for memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7: 55-68.
12. Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (1997). Imaging cognition: An empirical review of PET studies with normal subjects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 1-26.
13. Caplan, D. and Moo, L. 2004. Cognitive conjunction and cognitive functions. Neuroimage, 21: 751-756.
14. Cappelletti, M., Barth, H., Fregni, F., Spelke, E. S. and Pascual-Leone, A. 2007. rTMS over the intraparietal sulcus disrupts numerosity processing. Experimental Brain Research, 179: 631-642.
15. Carandini, M. and Heeger, D. J. 1994. Summation and division by neurons in primate visual cortex. Science, 264: 1333-1336.
16. Chatterjee, A. 2005. A madness to the methods in cognitive neuroscience?. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27: 847-849.
17. Coltheart, M. 1999. Modularity and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3: 115-120.
18. Crawford, J. R. and Garthwaite, P. H. 2006. Methods of testing for a deficit in single-case studies: Evaluation of statistical power by Monte Carlo simulation. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23: 877-904.
19. Culham, J. C., Cavanagh, P. and Kanwisher, N. G. 2001. Attention response functions: Characterizing brain areas using fMRI activation during parametric variations of attentional load. Neuron, 32: 737-745.
20. Dale, A. M. and Buckner, R. L. 1997. Selective averaging of rapidly presented individual trials using fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 5: 329-340.
21. Dehaene, S. 1996. The organization of brain activations in number comparison: Event-related potentials and the additive-factors method. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8: 47-68.
22. Dinges, D. F. and Kribbs, N. B. 1991. "Performing while sleepy: Effects of experimentally-induced sleepiness". In Sleep, sleepiness and performance, Edited by: Monk, T. H. 97-128. London, UK: Wiley.
23. Donders, F. C. 1868/1969. Over de snelheid van psychische processen [On the speed of mental processes]. Onderzoekingen gedaan in het Physiologisch Laboratorium der Utrechtsche Hoogeschool, 1868-1869, Tweede reeks, II, 92-120. Transl. by Koster, W. G. (1969). In Attention and performance II, Koster, W. G., Ed., Acta Psychologica, 30, 412-431
24. Drucker, D. M., Kerr, W. T. and Aguirre, G. K. 2009. Distinguishing conjoint and independent neural tuning for stimulus features with fMRI adaptation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101: 3310-3324.
25. Ekstrom, A. 2010. How and when the fMRI BOLD signal relates to underlying neural activity: The danger in dissociation. Brain Research Reviews, 62: 233-244.
26. Ellison, A., Rushworth, M. and Walsh, V. 2003. The parietal cortex in visual search: A visuomotor hypothesis. Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement, 56: 321-330.
27. Epstein, R. A., Parker, W. E. and Feiler, A. M. 2008. Two kinds of fMRI repetition suppression? Evidence for dissociable neural mechanisms. Journal of Neurophysiology, 99: 2877-2886.
28. Erickson, R. P. 2001. The evolution and implications of population and modular neural coding ideas. Progress in Brain Research, 130: 9-29.
29. Farah, M. J., Soso, M. J. and Dashieff, R. M. 1992. Visual angle of the mind's eye before and after unilateral occipital lobectomy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18: 241-246.
30. Fisher, R. A. 1935. "VI. The factorial design in experimentation". In The design of experiments, Edinburgh, UK: Oliver & Boyd.
31. Fodor, J. 1983. The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
32. Fodor, J. 2000. The mind doesn't work that way: The scope and limits of computational psychology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
33. Friston, K. J., Price, C. J., Fletcher, P., Moore, C., Frackowiak, R. S. J. and Dolan, R. J. 1996. The trouble with cognitive subtraction. Neuroimage, 4: 97-104.
34. Frowein, H. W. and Sanders, A. F. 1978. Effects of visual stimulus degradation, S-R compatibility and foreperiod duration on choice reaction time and movement time. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 12: 106-108.
35. Gallistel, C. R. 2009. The importance of proving the null. Psychological Review, 116: 439-453.
36. Garner, W. R. 1974. The processing of information and structure Potomac, MD: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
37. Gehring, W. J. and Knight, R. T. 2002. Lateral prefrontal damage affects processing selection but not attention switching. Cognitive Brain Research, 13: 267-279.
38. Geisler, W. S. and Albrecht, D. G. 1995. Bayesian analysis of identification performance in monkey visual cortex: Nonlinear mechanisms and stimulus certainty. Vision Research, 35: 2723-2730.
39. Ghorashi, S., Enns, J. T., Klein, R. M. and Di Lollo, V. 2010. Spatial selection and target identification are separable processes in visual search. Journal of Vision, 10: 1-12.
40. Goebel, S., Walsh, V. and Rushworth, M. F. S. 2001. The mental number line and the human angular gyrus. NeuroImage, 14: 1278-1289.
41. Goense, J. B. M. and Logothetis, N. K. 2008. Neurophysiology of the BOLD fMRI signal in awake monkeys. Current Biology, 18: 631-640.
42. Goodale, M. A. 1996. Visuomotor modules in the vertebrate brain. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 74: 390-400.
43. Grill-Spector, K. 2006. Selectivity of adaptation in single units: Implications for fMRI experiments. Neuron, 11: 170-171.
44. Grill-Spector, K. and Malach, R. 2001. fMR-adaptation: A tool for studying the functional properties of human cortical neurons. Acta Psychologica, 107: 293-321.
45. Gurd, J. M. and Marshall, J. C. 2003. Dissociations: Double or quits?. Cortex, 39: 192-195.
46. Hadley, R. F. 2003. A defense of functional modularity. Connection Science, 15: 95-116.
47. Harris, J. A., Clifford, C. W. G. and Miniussi, C. 2008. The functional effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Signal suppression or neural noise generation?. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20: 734-740.
48. Haxby, J. V. 2004. "Analysis of topographically organized patterns of response in fMRI data: Distributed representations of objects in ventral temporal cortex". In Attention and performance XX: Functional neuroimaging of visual cognition, Edited by: Kanwisher, N. and Duncan, J. 83-97. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
49. Haxby, J. V., Ungerleider, L. G., Horwitz, B., Rapoport, S. I. and Grady, C. L. 1995. Hemispheric differences in neural systems for face working memory: A PET-rCBF study. Human Brain Mapping, 3: 68-82.
50. Heeger, D. J., Huk, A. C., Geisler, W. S. and Albrecht, D. G. 2000. Spikes versus BOLD: What does neuroimaging tell us about neuronal activity?. Nature Neuroscience, 3: 631-633.
51. Horner, A. J. and Andrews, T. J. 2009. Linearity of the fMRI response in category-selective regions of human visual cortex. Human Brain Mapping, 30: 2628-2640.
52. Howson, C. and Urbach, P. 2006. Scientific reasoning: The Bayesian approach, Chicago, IL: Open Court.
53. Humphrey, D. G., Kramer, A. F. and Stanny, R. R. 1994. Influence of extended wakefulness on automatic and nonautomatic processing. Human Factors, 36: 652-669.
54. Jacobs, R. A. 1997. Nature, nurture, and the development of functional specializations: A computational approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4: 299-309.
55. Jacobs, R. A. 1999. Computational studies of the development of functionally specialized neural modules. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3: 31-38.
56. Jacobs, R. A. and Jordan, M. I. 1992. Computational consequences of a bias toward short connections. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4: 323-336.
57. Jennings, J. M., McIntosh, A. R., Kapur, S., Tulving, E. and Houle, S. 1997. Cognitive subtractions may not add up: The interaction between semantic processing and response mode. Neuroimage, 5: 229-239.
58. Johnson, J. S., Hamidi, M. and Postle, B. R. 2010. Using EEG to explore how rTMS produces its effects on behavior. Brain Topography, 22: 281-293.
59. Kanwisher, N., Downing, P., Epstein, R. and Kourtzi, Z. 2001. "Functional neuroimaging of visual recognition". In Handbook of functional neuroimaging of cognition, Edited by: Cabeza, R. and Kingstone, A. 109-151. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
60. Kosslyn, S. M. 2001. The strategic eye: Another look. Minds and Machines, 11: 287-291.
61. Kounios, J. 2007. "Functional modularity of semantic memory revealed by event-related brain potentials". In Neural basis of semantic memory, Edited by: Hart, J. Jr. and Kraut, M. A. 65-104. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
62. Lennie, P. 2003. The cost of cortical computation. Current Biology, 13: 493-497.
63. Li, L., Miller, E. K. and Desimone, R. 1993. The representation of stimulus familiarity in anterior inferior temporal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 69: 1918-1929.
64. Lie, C.-H., Specht, K., Marshall, J. C. and Fink, G. R. 2006. Using fMRI to decompose the neural processes underlying the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. NeuroImage, 30: 1038-1049.
65. Lim, J. and Dinges, D. F. 2010. A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables. Psychological Bulletin, 136: 375-389.
66. Logothetis, N. K. and Wandell, B. A. 2004. Interpreting the BOLD signal. Annual Review of Physiology, 66: 735-769.
67. Machamer, P., Darden, L. and Craver, E. 2000. Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, 67: 1-25.
68. Macmillan, N. A. and Creelman, C. D. 2004. Detection theory: A user's guide, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
69. Marr, D. 1976. Early processing of visual information. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B, 275: 483-524.
70. McCarthy, D. and Davison, M. 1984. Isobias and alloiobias functions in animal psychophysics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10: 390-409.
71. McClelland, J. L. 1979. On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade. Psychological Review, 86: 287-330.
72. Meeter, M., Myers, C. E. and Gluck, M. A. 2005. Integrating incremental learning and episodic memory models of the hippocampal region. Psychological Review, 112: 560-585.
73. Merabet, L., Thut, G., Murray, B., Andrews, J., Hsiao, S. and Pascual-Leone, A. 2004. Feeling by sight or seeing by touch?. Neuron, 42: 173-179.
74. Miller, J., van der Ham, F. and Sanders, A. F. 1995. Overlapping stage models and reaction time additivity: Effects of the activation equation. Acta Psychologica, 90: 11-28.
75. Miller, K. L., Luh, W-M., Liu, T. T., Martinez, A., Obata, T., Wong, E. C., Frank, L. R. and Buxton, R. B. 2001. Nonlinear temporal dynamics of the cerebral blood flow response. Human Brain Mapping, 13: 1-12.
76. Miniussi, C., Ruzzoli, M. and Walsh, V. 2010. The mechanism of transcranial magentic stimulation in cognition. Cortex, 46: 128-130.
77. Moyer, R. S. and Landauer, T. K. 1967. Time required for judgements of numerical inequality. Nature, 215: 1519-1520.
78. Mulligan, R. M. and Shaw, M. L. 1980. Multimodal signal detection: Independent decisions vs. integration. Perception & Psychophysics, 28: 471-478.
79. Nunez, P. L. and Srinivasan, R. 2006. Electric fields of the brain: The neurophysics of EEG, New York: Oxford University Press.
80. Op de Beeck, H. P., Haushofer, J. and Kanwisher, N. G. 2008. Interpreting fMRI data: Maps, modules and dimensions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9: 123-135.
81. O'Shea, J., Muggleton, N. G., Cowey, A. and Walsh, V. 2006. On the roles of the human frontal eye fields and parietal cortex in visual search. Visual Cognition, 14: 934-957.
82. Osman, A., Bashore, T. R., Coles, M. G. H., Donchin, E. and Meyer, D. E. 1992. On the transmission of partial information: Inferences from movement-related brain potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18: 217-232.
83. Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Posner, M. I., Minton, M. and Raichle, M. E. 1988. Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature, 331: 585-589.
84. Pinel, P., Dehaene, S., Rivière, D. and LeBihan, D. 2001. Modulation of parietal activation by semantic distance in a number comparison task. NeuroImage, 14: 1013-1026.
85. Poldrack, R. A. 2010. "Subtraction and beyond: The logic of experimental designs for neuroimaging". In Foundational issues in human brain mapping, Edited by: Hanson, S. J. and Bunzl, M. 147-159. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
86. Price, C. J. and Friston, K. J. 1997. Cognitive conjunction: A new approach to brain activation experiments. Neuroimage, 5: 261-270.
87. Price, C. J., Moore, C. J. and Friston, K. J. 1997. Subtractions, conjunctions, and interactions in experimental design of activation studies. Human Brain Mapping, 5: 264-272.
88. Ratcliff, R. and Smith, P. L. 2010. Perceptual discrimination in static and dynamic noise: The temporal relation between perceptual encoding and decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139: 70-94.
89. Reddy, L. and Kanwisher, N. 2006. Coding of visual objects in the ventral stream. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16: 408-414.
90. Rees, G., Friston, K. and Koch, C. 2000. A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of human and macaque V5. Nature Neuroscience, 3: 716-723.
91. Roberts, S. and Sternberg, S. 1993. "The meaning of additive reaction-time effects: Tests of three alternatives". In Attention and performance XIV: Synergies in experimental psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive neuroscience - a silver jubilee, Edited by: Meyer, D. E. and Kornblum, S. 611-653. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
92. Rogers, J. L., Howard, K. I. and Vessey, J. T. 1993. Using significance tests to evaluate equivalence between two experimental groups. Psychological Bulletin, 113: 553-565.
93. Rosenthal, C. R., Walsh, V., Mannan, S. K., Anderson, E. J., Hawken, M. B. and Kennard, C. 2006. Temporal dynamics of parietal cortex involvement in visual search. Neuropsychologia, 44: 731-743.
94. Rouder, J. N., Speckman, P. L., Sun, D., Morey, R. D. and Iverson, G. 2009. Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16: 225-237.
95. Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L., & the PDP Research Group (1986). Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition, Volume 1: Foundations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
96. Sachs, M. B., Nachmias, J. and Robson, J. G. 1971. Spatial-frequency channels in human vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 61: 1176-1186.
97. Sanders, A. F. 1977. "Structural and functional aspects of the reaction process". In Attention and performance VI, Edited by: Dornic, S. 3-25. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
98. Sanders, A. F. 1980. "Some effects of instructed muscle tension on choice reaction time and movement time". In Attention and performance VIII, Edited by: Nickerson, R. S. 59-74. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
99. Sanders, A. F. 1998. Elements of human performance: Reaction processes and attention in human skill, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
100. Sanders, A. F., Wijnen, J. L. C. and Van Arkel, A. E. 1982. An additive factor analysis of the effects of sleep loss on reaction processes. Acta Psychologica, 51: 41-59.
101. Sartori, G. and Umiltà, C. 2000. How to avoid the fallacies of cognitive subtraction in brain imaging. Brain and Language, 74: 191-212.
102. Sawamura, H., Orban, G. A. and Vogels, R. 2006. Selectivity of neuronal adaptation does not match response selectivity: A single-cell study of the fMRI adaptation paradigm. Neuron, 11, 307-318
103. Schall, J. D. 2003. Neural correlates of decision processes: Neural and mental chronometry. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13: 182-186.
104. Schmidt, T. and Vorberg, D. 2006. Criteria for unconscious cognition: Three types of dissociation. Perception & Psychophysics, 68: 489-504.
105. Schuberth, R. E., Spoehr, K. T. and Lane, D. M. 1981. Effects of stimulus and contextual information on the lexical decision process. Memory & Cognition, 9: 68-77.
106. Schumacher, E. H. and D'Esposito, M. 2002. Neural implementation of response selection in humans as revealed by localized effects of stimulus-response compatibility on brain activation. Human Brain Mapping, 17: 193-201.
107. Schweickert, R. 1985. Separable effects of factors on speed and accuracy: Memory scanning, lexical decision, and choice tasks. Psychological Bulletin, 97: 530-546.
108. Shallice, T. 1988. From neuropsychology to mental structure, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
109. Shallice, T. 2003. Functional imaging and neuropsychology findings: How can they be linked?. Neuroimage, 20: S146-S154.
110. Shaw, M. L. 1980. "Identifying attentional and decision-making components in information processing". In Attention and performance VIII, Edited by: Nickerson, R. S. 277-296. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
111. Shwartz, S. P., Pomerantz, J. R. and Egeth, H. E. 1977. State and process limitations in information processing: An additive factors analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3: 402-410.
112. Sidtis, J. J., Strother, S. C., Anderson, J. R. and Rottenberg, D. A. 1999. Are brain functions really additive?. Neuroimage, 9: 490-496.
113. Siebner, H. R., Hartwigsen, G., Kassuba, T. and Rothwell, J. C. 2009. How does transcranial magnetic stimulation modify neuronal activity in the brain? Implications for studies of cognition. Cortex, 45: 1035-1042.
114. Sigman, M. and Dehaene, S. 2005. Parsing a cognitive task: A characterization of the mind's bottleneck. PLoS Biology, 3: 334-349.
115. Simon, H. A. 1962. The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106: 467-482.
116. Simon, H. A. 2005. "The structure of complexity in an evolving world: The role of near decomposability". In Modularity: Understanding the development and evolution of natural complex systems, Edited by: Callebaut, W. and Rasskin-Gutman, D. ix-xiii. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
117. Smulders, F. T. Y., Kok, A., Kenemans, J. L. and Bashore, T. R. 1995. The temporal selectivity of additive factor effects on the reaction process revealed in ERP component latencies. Acta Psychologica, 90: 97-109.
118. Soltysik, D. A., Peck, K. K., White, K. D., Crosson, B. and Briggs, R. W. 2004. Comparison of hemodynamic response nonlinearity across primary cortical areas. Neuroimage, 22: 1117-1127.
119. Sternberg, S. 1969. "The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method". In Attention and performance II, Acta Psychologica, 30 Edited by: Koster, W. G. 276-315
120. Sternberg, S. 1984. Stage models of mental processing and the additive-factor method. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7: 82-84.
121. Sternberg, S. 1998a. "Discovering mental processing stages: The method of additive factors". In An invitation to cognitive science, Volume 4: Methods, models, and conceptual issues, Edited by: Scarborough, D. and Sternberg, S. 703-863. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
122. Sternberg, S. 1998b. "Inferring mental operations from reaction-time data: How we compare objects". In An invitation to cognitive science, Volume 4: Methods, models, and conceptual issues, Edited by: Scarborough, D. and Sternberg, S. 365-454. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
123. Sternberg, S. 2001. Separate modifiability, mental modules, and the use of pure and composite measures to reveal them. Acta Psychologica, 106: 147-246.
124. Sternberg, S. 2003. Process decomposition from double dissociation of subprocesses. Cortex, 39: 180-182.
125. Sternberg, S. 2004. "Separate modifiability and the search for processing modules". In Attention and performance XX: Functional neuroimaging of visual cognition, Edited by: Kanwisher, N. and Duncan, J. 125-139. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
126. Swets, J. A., Tanner, W. P. Jr. and Birdsall, T. G. 1961. Decision processes in perception. Psychological Review, 68: 301-340.
127. Teller, D. 1984. Linking propositions. Vision Research, 24: 1233-1246.
128. Tiplady, B., Bowness, E., Stien, L. and Drummond, G. 2005. Selective effects of clonidine and temazepam on attention and memory. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19: 259-265.
129. Ulrich, R., Mattes, S. and Miller, J. 1999. Donders's assumption of pure insertion: An evaluation on the basis of response dynamics. Acta Psychologica, 102: 43-75.
130. Uttal, W. R. 2001. The new phrenology: The limits of localizing cognitive processes in the brain, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
131. Walsh, V. and Pascual-Leone, A. 2003. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neurochronometrics of Mind, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
132. Wan, X., Riera, J., Iwata, K., Takahashi, M., Wakabayashi, T. and Kawashima, R. 2006. The neural basis of the hemodynamic response nonlinearity in human primary visual cortex: Implications for neurovascular coupling mechanism. Neuroimage, 32: 616-625.
133. Woodman, G. F., Kang, M.-S., Thompson, K. and Schall, J. D. 2008. The effect of visual search efficiency on response preparation: Neurophysiological evidence for discrete flow. Psychological Science, 19: 128-136.