Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection: The utility of a simple yet unappreciated enzyme

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

Volumn 93, Issue 24, 2011, Pages 2242-2248

  Parvizi, Javad ^a   Jacovides, Christina ^a   Antoci, Valentin ^a   Ghanem, Elie ^a  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; ENZYME; LEUKOCYTE ENZYME;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD CELL COUNT; COLORIMETRY; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; FEMALE; HUMAN; KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROSTHESIS INFECTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEROLOGY; SYNOVIAL FLUID LEVEL;

EID: 84855390038     PISSN: 00219355     EISSN: 15351386     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.J.01413     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Johnson JA, Christie MJ, Sandler MP, Parks PF Jr, Homra L, Kaye JJ. Detection of occult infection following total joint arthroplasty using sequential technetium-99m HDP bone scintigraphy and indium-111 WBC imaging. J NuclMed. 1988;29:1347-53.
2. Parvizi J, Ghanem E, Menashe S, Barrack RL, Bauer TW. Periprosthetic infection: what are the diagnostic challenges? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88 Suppl 4:138-47. (Pubitemid 44901982)
3. Cyteval C, Hamm V, Sarrabère MP, Lopez FM, Maury P, Taourel P. Painful infection at the site of hip prosthesis: CT imaging. Radiology. 2002;224:477-83. (Pubitemid 34809130)
4. Fehring TK, McAlister JA Jr. Frozen histologic section as a guide to sepsis in revision joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;304:229-37. (Pubitemid 24230690)
5. Feldman DS, Lonner JH, Desai P, Zuckerman JD. The role of intraoperative frozen sections in revision total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:1807-13. (Pubitemid 26004268)
6. Della Valle CJ, Scher DM, Kim YH, Oxley CM, Desai P, Zuckerman JD, Di Cesare PE. The role of intraoperative Gram stain in revision total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1999;14:500-4. (Pubitemid 29329805)
7. Atkins BL, Athanasou N, Deeks JJ, Crook DW, Simpson H, Peto TE, McLardy- Smith P, Berendt AR. Prospective evaluation of criteria for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection at revision arthroplasty. The OSIRIS Collaborative Study Group. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36:2932-9. (Pubitemid 28429417)
8. Ghanem E, Ketonis C, Restrepo C, Joshi A, Barrack R, Parvizi J. Periprosthetic infection: where do we stand with regard to Gram stain? Acta Orthop. 2009;80:37-40.
9. Barrack RL, Aggarwal A, Burnett RS, Clohisy JC, Ghanem E, Sharkey P, Parvizi J. The fate of the unexpected positive intraoperative cultures after revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22(6 Suppl 2):94-9. (Pubitemid 47333007)
10. Ghanem E, Parvizi J, Burnett RS, Sharkey PF, Keshavarzi N, Aggarwal A, Barrack RL. Cell count and differential of aspirated fluid in the diagnosis of infection at the site of total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:1637-43.
11. Di Cesare PE, Chang E, Preston CF, Liu CJ. Serum interleukin-6 as a marker of periprosthetic infection following total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1921-7. (Pubitemid 41279121)
12. Ghanem E, Antoci V Jr, Pulido L, Joshi A, Hozack W, Parvizi J. The use of receiver operating characteristics analysis in determining erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels in diagnosing periprosthetic infection prior to revision total hip arthroplasty. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:e444-9.
13. Spangehl MJ, Masri BA, O'Connell JX, Duncan CP. Prospective analysis of preoperative and intraoperative investigations for the diagnosis of infection at the sites of two hundred and two revision total hip arthroplasties. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:672-83. (Pubitemid 29241152)
14. Berbari EF, Hanssen AD, Duffy MC, Steckelberg JM, Ilstrup DM, Harmsen WS, Osmon DR. Risk factors for prosthetic joint infection: case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1247-54. (Pubitemid 29242479)
15. Zimmerli W, Ochsner PE. Management of infection associated with prosthetic joints. Infection. 2003;31:99-108. (Pubitemid 36437724)
16. Tsukayama DT, Estrada R, Gustilo RB. Infection after total hip arthroplasty. A study of the treatment of one hundred and six infections. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78:512-23. (Pubitemid 26115571)
17. Segawa H, Tsukayama DT, Kyle RF, Becker DA, Gustilo RB. Infection after total knee arthroplasty. A retrospective study of the treatment of eighty-one infections. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:1434-45. (Pubitemid 29489476)
18. Perry JL, Matthews JS, Weesner DE. Evaluation of leukocyte esterase activity as a rapid screening technique for bacteriuria. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;15:852-4. (Pubitemid 12109370)
19. Smalley DL, Dittmann AN. Use of leukocyte esterase-nitrate activity as predictive assays of significant bacteriuria. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;18:1256-7. (Pubitemid 13017032)
20. Chernow B, Zaloga GP, Soldano S, Quinn A, Lyons P, McFadden E, Cook D, Rainey TG. Measurement of urinary leukocyte esterase activity: a screening test for urinary tract infections. Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13:150-4. (Pubitemid 14154602)
21. Zaman Z, Borremans A, Verhaegen J, Verbist L, Blanckaert N. Disappointing dipstick screening for urinary tract infection in hospital inpatients. J Clin Pathol. 1998;51:471-2. (Pubitemid 28312181)
22. Lammers RL, Gibson S, Kovacs D, Sears W, Strachan G. Comparison of test characteristics of urine dipstick and urinalysis at various test cutoff points. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:505-12. (Pubitemid 33041926)
23. Devillé WL, Yzermans JC, van Duijn NP, Bezemer PD, van der Windt DA, Bouter LM. The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A meta-analysis of the accuracy. BMC Urol. 2004;4:4.
24. Eidelman Y, Raveh D, Yinnon AM, Ballin J, Rudensky B, Gottehrer NP. Reagent strip diagnosis of UTI in a high-risk population. Am J Emerg Med. 2002;20:112-3. (Pubitemid 34208814)
25. McNair RD, MacDonald SR, Dooley SL, Peterson LR. Evaluation of the centrifuged and Gram-stained smear, urinalysis, and reagent strip testing to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in obstetric patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182:1076-9. (Pubitemid 30353285)
26. Azoulay E, Fartoukh M, Galliot R, Baud F, Simonneau G, Le Gall JR, Schlemmer B, Chevret S. Rapid diagnosis of infectious pleural effusions by use of reagent strips. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:914-9. (Pubitemid 32299347)
27. Gal-Oz A, Kassis I, Shprecher H, Beck R, Bentur L. Correlation between rapid strip test and the quality of sputum. Chest. 2004;126:1667-71. (Pubitemid 39525044)
28. Jacobs JA, De Brauwer EI, Cornelissen EI, Drent M. Correlation of leukocyte esterase detection by reagent strips and the presence of neutrophils: a study in BAL fluid. Chest. 2000;118:1450-4.
29. Lebovics RS, Murthy VV, Karmen A. Leukocyte esterase activity in effusion fluid of patients with otitis media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;108:248-50. (Pubitemid 23105778)
30. Sam R, Sahani M, Ulozas E, Leehey DJ, Ing TS, Gandhi VC. Utility of a peritoneal dialysis leukocyte test strip in the diagnosis of peritonitis. Artif Organs. 2002;26:546-8. (Pubitemid 34639215)
31. Matsuda M, Noda Y, Takemori Y. Novel diagnostic method of testing for Helicobacter pylori infection using the rapid leukocyte strip test, Leukostix. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;18:1196-201. (Pubitemid 37410051)
32. Mason JB, Fehring TK, Odum SM, Griffin WL, Nussman DS. The value of white blood cell counts before revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2003;18:1038-43. (Pubitemid 38032042)
33. Trampuz A, Hanssen AD, Osmon DR, Mandrekar J, Steckelberg JM, Patel R. Synovial fluid leukocyte count and differential for the diagnosis of prosthetic knee infection. Am J Med. 2004;117:556-62. (Pubitemid 39304205)
34. Parvizi J, Ghanem E, Sharkey P, Aggarwal A, Burnett RS, Barrack RL. Diagnosis of infected total knee: findings of a multicenter database. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:2628-33.
35. Trampuz A, Piper KE, Jacobson MJ, Hanssen AD, Unni KK, Osmon DR, Mandrekar JN, Cockerill FR, Steckelberg JM, Greenleaf JF, Patel R. Sonication of removed hip and knee prostheses for diagnosis of infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:654-63. (Pubitemid 47267235)
36. Schinsky MF, Della Valle CJ, Sporer SM, Paprosky WG. Perioperative testing for joint infection in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:1869-75.
37. Newcombe RG. Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods. Stat Med. 1998;17:857-72. (Pubitemid 28185165)
38. Bauer TW, Parvizi J, Kobayashi N, Krebs V. Diagnosis of periprosthetic infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:869-82.
39. Zimmerli W, Trampuz A, Ochsner PE. Prosthetic-joint infections. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1645-54.
40. Della Valle CJ, Zuckerman JD, Di Cesare PE. Periprosthetic sepsis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;420:26-31. (Pubitemid 38436555)