Using dabigatran in patients with stroke: A practical guide for clinicians

Stroke

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 271-279

  Alberts, Mark J ^a   Bernstein, Richard A ^a   Naccarelli, Gerald V ^b   Garcia, David A ^c  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PENN STATE MILTON S HERSHEY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

antithrombotics; prevention; therapy; thrombosis

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; DABIGATRAN; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULATION; ARTICLE; CARDIOVERSION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART VALVE BIOPROSTHESIS; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; INVASIVE PROCEDURE; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROKE; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANTITHROMBINS; BENZIMIDAZOLES; BETA-ALANINE; HUMANS; STROKE;

EID: 84855359475     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: 15244628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.622498     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Kim YD, Park B, Cha MJ, Nam CM, Nam HS, Ha JW, et al. Stroke severity in concomitant cardiac sources of embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Neurol Sci. 2010;298:23-27.
2. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Soc Cardiol. 2010;12:1360-1420.
3. Bungard TJ, Ghali WA, McAlister FA, Buchan AM, Cave AJ, Hamilton PG, et al. The relative importance of barriers to the prescription of warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol. 2003;19: 280-284. (Pubitemid 36603448)
4. Johnston JA, Cluxton RJ Jr, Heaton PC, Guo JJ, Moomaw CJ, Eckman MH. Predictors of warfarin use among Ohio medicaid patients with new-onset nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163: 1705-1710. (Pubitemid 36898959)
5. Albers GW, Amarenco P, Easton JD, Sacco RL, Teal P. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133:630S-669S. (Pubitemid 351892974)
6. Goto S, Bhatt DL, Rother J, Alberts M, Hill MD, Ikeda Y, et al. Prevalence, clinical profile, and cardiovascular outcomes of atrial fibrillation patients with atherothrombosis. Am Heart J. 2008;156:855-863, 863.e2.
7. Dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa)-a new oral anticoagulant. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2010;52:89-90.
8. Blech S, Ebner T, Ludwig-Schwellinger E, Stangier J, Roth W. The metabolism and disposition of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008;36:386-399. (Pubitemid 351185753)
9. Marini C, De Santis F, Sacco S, Russo T, Olivieri L, Totaro R, et al. Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study. Stroke. 2005;36: 1115-1119. (Pubitemid 40803473)
10. Schulman S, Reilly PA. Dabigatran etexilate: future directions in anticoagulant treatment. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2009;15(suppl 1):32S-41S.
11. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1139-1151.
12. Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, Albers GW, Bush RL, Fagan SC, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2010; 42:227-276.
13. Levy S. Current atrial fibrillation guidelines and therapy algorithms: are they adequate? J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2009;25:111-116.
14. Baetz BE, Spinler SA. Dabigatran etexilate: an oral direct thrombin inhibitor for prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic diseases. Pharmacotherapy. 2008;28:1354-1373.
15. Stangier J. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2008; 47:285-295. (Pubitemid 351508116)
16. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz M, Healey JS, Oldgren J, et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation. 2011;123:2363-2372.
17. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Reilly PA, Wallentin L. Newly identified events in the RE-LY trial. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1875-1876.
18. Ezekowitz MD, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, Parekh A, Chernick MR, Pogue J, et al. Dabigatran and warfarin in vitamin K antagonist-naive and-experienced cohorts with atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2010;122: 2246-2253.
19. Diener HC, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Wallentin L, Reilly PA, Yang S, et al. Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:1157-1163.
20. Beasley BN, Unger EF, Temple R. Anticoagulant options-why the FDA approved a higher but not a lower dose of dabigatran. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1788-1790.
21. Wann LS, Curtis AB, January CT, Ellenbogen KA, Lowe JE, Estes NA III, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (updating the 2006 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011;123: 104-123.
22. van Ryn J, Stangier J, Haertter S, Liesenfeld KH, Wienen W, Feuring M, et al. Dabigatran etexilate-a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost. 2010;103:1116-1127.
23. Salem DN, Stein PD, Al-Ahmad A, Bussey HI, Horstkotte D, Miller N, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease-native and prosthetic: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126:457S-482S. (Pubitemid 39297961)
24. McKellar SH, Abel S, Camp CL, Suri RM, Ereth MH, Schaff HV. Effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for thromboprophylaxis of mechanical heart valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;141: 1410-1416.
25. Maegdefessel L, Linde T, Krapiec F, Hamilton K, Steinseifer U, van Ryn J, et al. In vitro comparison of dabigatran, unfractionated heparin, and low-molecular-weight heparin in preventing thrombus formation on mechanical heart valves. Thromb Res. 2010;126:e196-e200.
26. Nagarakanti R, Ezekowitz MD, Oldgren J, Yang S, Chernick M, Aikens TH, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of patients undergoing cardioversion. Circulation. 2011;123: 131-136.
27. Bennett WM. Should dialysis patients ever receive warfarin and for what reasons? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:1357-1359.
28. Holden RM, Clase CM. Use of warfarin in people with low glomerular filtration rate or on dialysis. Semin Dial. 2009;22:503-511.
29. Alexandrov AV, Black SE, Ehrlich LE, Caldwell CB, Norris JW. Predictors of hemorrhagic transformation occurring spontaneously and on anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1997;28: 1198-1202. (Pubitemid 27248896)
30. Rietbrock S, Heeley E, Plumb J, van Staa T. Chronic atrial fibrillation: Incidence, prevalence, and prediction of stroke using the Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age, 75, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack (CHADS2) risk stratification scheme. Am Heart J. 2008;156:57-64. (Pubitemid 351877101)
31. Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, Lane DA. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:173-180.
32. Koennecke HC. Cerebral microbleeds on MRI: prevalence, associations, and potential clinical implications. Neurology. 2006;66:165-171.
33. Saxena R, Lewis S, Berge E, Sandercock PA, Koudstaal PJ. Risk of early death and recurrent stroke and effect of heparin in 3169 patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation in the International Stroke Trial. Stroke. 2001;32:2333-2337. (Pubitemid 32954805)
34. Sherman DG. Heparin and heparinoids in stroke. Neurology. 1998;51: S56-S58. (Pubitemid 28429328)
35. Hart RG, Palacio S, Pearce LA. Atrial fibrillation, stroke, and acute antithrombotic therapy: analysis of randomized clinical trials. Stroke. 2002;33:2722-2727. (Pubitemid 35266448)
36. Moonis M, Fisher M. Considering the role of heparin and low-molecularweight heparins in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2002;33:1927-1933. (Pubitemid 34761087)
37. Sen S, Lima JA, Oppenheimer SM. Changes in cardiac thrombus status after cerebral ischemia. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004;17:175-181. (Pubitemid 38529195)
38. Stoddard MF. Risk of thromboembolism in acute atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Echocardiography. 2000;17:393-405. (Pubitemid 30395234)
39. Bernhardt P, Schmidt H, Hammerstingl C, Hackenbroch M, Sommer T, Luderitz B, et al. Fate of left atrial thrombi in patients with atrial fibrillation determined by transesophageal echocardiography and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:801-804. (Pubitemid 39232061)
40. Bernhardt P, Schmidt H, Hammerstingl C, Luderitz B, Omran H. Atrial thrombi-a prospective follow-up study over 3 years with transesophageal echocardiography and cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Echocardiography. 2006;23:388-394. (Pubitemid 43948116)
41. NINDS TPA Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rtPA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581-1587.
42. Jaillard A, Cornu C, Durieux A, Moulin T, Boutitie F, Lees KR, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. The MAST-E study. MAST-E Group. Stroke. 1999;30:1326-1332. (Pubitemid 29296057)
43. Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, Bhatt DL, Brass L, Furlan A, et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Circulation. 2007;115:e478-e534.
44. Del Zoppo GJ, Saver JL, Jauch EC, Adams HP Jr. Expansion of the time window for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: a science advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2009;40:2945-2948.
45. Chong CA, Chiu L. Dabigatran and acute stroke thrombolysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;30:202.
46. Dempfle CE, Hennerici MG. Dabigatran and stroke thrombolysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;30:203-205.
47. De Smedt A, De Raedt S, Nieboer K, De Keyser J, Brouns R. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a stroke patient treated with dabigatran. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;30:533-534.
48. Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ. Patient outcomes with endovascular embolectomy therapy for acute ischemic stroke: a study of the national inpatient sample: 2006 to 2008. Stroke. 2011;42:1648-1652.
49. Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2342-2352.
50. Leissinger CA, Blatt PM, Hoots WK, Ewenstein B. Role of prothrombin complex concentrates in reversing warfarin anticoagulation: a review of the literature. Am J Hematol. 2008;83:137-143.
51. van Ryn J, Ruehl D, Priepke H, et al. Reversibility of the anticoagulant effect of high doses of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, by recombinant Factor VIIa or activated prothrombin complex concentrate. Haematologica. 2008;93(suppl 1):148.
52. Oh JJ, Akers WS, Lewis D, Ramaiah C, Flynn JD. Recombinant factor VIIa for refractory bleeding after cardiac surgery secondary to anticoagulation with the direct thrombin inhibitor lepirudin. Pharmacotherapy. 2006;26:569-577.
53. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:883-891.
54. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:981-992.