Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast: Perspectives on biology and controversies in current management

Journal of Surgical Oncology

Volumn 105, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 212-220

  Schmale, Isaac ^a   Liu, Stephen ^a   Rayhanabad, Jessica ^a   Russell, Christy A ^a   Sener, Stephen F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

breast; DCIS; ductal carcinoma in situ

Indexed keywords

ANASTROZOLE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; PLACEBO; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; RALOXIFENE; TAMOXIFEN; TRASTUZUMAB;

AXILLARY LYMPH NODE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA; LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; MAMMOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PARTIAL MASTECTOMY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT DURATION; UTERUS CANCER; VALIDATION STUDY;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA, INTRADUCTAL, NONINFILTRATING; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; FEMALE; HUMANS;

EID: 84855355925     PISSN: 00224790     EISSN: 10969098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jso.22020     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Lippman M,: Why Study ductal carcinoma in-situ? In:, Silverstein MJ, Recht A, Lagios M, editors. Ductal carcinoma in-situ of the breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William and Wilkins; 2002. pp. 12-16.
2. Buerger H, Otterbach F, Simon R, et al.: Comparative genomic hybridization of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast-evidence of multiple genetic pathways. J Pathol 1999; 187: 396-402. (Pubitemid 29118269)
3. Buerger H, Otterbach F, Simon R, et al.: Different genetic pathways in the evolution of invasive breast cancer are associated with distinct morphological subtypes. J Pathol 1999; 189: 521-526.
4. Virnig BA, Tuttle TM, Shamliyan T, et al.: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: A systematic review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102: 170-178.
5. Eusebi V, Feudale E, Foschini MP, et al.: Long-term follow-up of in situ carcinoma of the breast. Semin Diagn Pathol 1994; 11: 223-235. (Pubitemid 24308083)
6. Leonard GD, Swain SM,: Ductal carcinoma in situ: Complexities and challenges. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 906-920. (Pubitemid 38868137)
7. Sanders ME, Schuyler PA, Dupont WD, et al.: The natural history of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in women treated by biopsy only revealed over 30 years of long-term follow-up. Cancer 2005; 103: 2481-2484. (Pubitemid 40800525)
8. Welch HG, Black WC,: Using autopsy series to estimate the disease "reservoir" for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: How much more breast cancer can we find? Arch Intern Med 1997; 127: 1023-1028. (Pubitemid 27516615)
9. Miller AB, To T, Baines CJ, et al.: Canadian National Breast Screening Study-2: 13-year results in a randomized trial in women aged 50-59 years. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1490-1499.
10. Ernster VL, Barclay J, Kerlikowske K, et al.: Mortality among women with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 953-958. (Pubitemid 30191923)
11. Evans AJ, Pinder SE, Ellis IO, et al.: Screen detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Overdiagnosis or an obligate precursor of invasive disease? J Med Screen 2001; 8: 149-151. (Pubitemid 32929841)
12. de Roos MA, van der Vegt B, de Vries J, et al.: Pathological and biological differences between screen-detected and interval ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14: 2097-2104. (Pubitemid 46988264)
13. Smith RA, Saslow D, Sawyer KA, et al.: American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening: Update 2003. CA Cancer J Clin 2003; 53: 141-169. (Pubitemid 36722306)
14. Houssami H, Ciatto S, Macaskill P, et al.: Accuracy and surgical impact of magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer staging: Systematic review and meta-analysis in detection of multifocal and multicentric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 3248-3258.
15. Ernster VL, Ballard-Barbash R, Barlow WE, et al.: Detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in women undergoing screening mammography. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 1546-1554. (Pubitemid 35277278)
16. Morris E, Liberman L,: Ductal carcinoma in situ. In:, Morris EA, Liberman L, editors. Breast MRI: Diagnosis and intervention. Philadelphia, PA: Springer; 2004. pp. 164-172.
17. Raza S, Vallejo M, Chikarmane SA, et al.: Pure ductal carcinoma in situ: A range of MRI features. Am J Roentgenol 2008; 191: 689-699.
18. Hwang ES, Kinkel K, Esserman LJ, et al.: Magnetic resonance imaging in patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma-in-situ: Value in the diagnosis of residual disease, occult invasion and multicentricity. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10: 381-388. (Pubitemid 40486935)
19. Lehman CD, Gatsonis C, Kuhl CK, et al.: MRI evaluation of contralateral breast in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1295-1302.
20. Turnbull L, Brown S, Harvey I, et al.: Comparative effectiveness of MRI in breast cancer (COMICE) trial: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 375: 563-571.
21. Hwang N, Schiller DE, Crystal P, et al.: Magnetic resonance imaging in the planning of initial lumpectomy for invasive breast carcinoma: Its effect on ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast-conservation therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 3000-3009.
22. Sorbero ME, Dick AW, Beckjord EB, et al.: Diagnostic breast magnetic resonance imaging and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 1597-1605.
23. Katipamula R, Degnim AC, Hoskin T, et al.: Trends in mastectomy rates at the Mayo Clinic Rochester: Effect of surgical year and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 4082-4088.
24. Solin LJ, Orel SG, Hwang WT, et al.: Relationship of breast magnetic resonance imaging to outcome after breast-conservation treatment with radiation for women with early-stage invasive breast carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 386-391. (Pubitemid 351171689)
25. Tillman GF, Orel SG, Schnall MD, et al.: Effect of breast magnetic resonance imaging on the clinical management of women with early-stage breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 3413-3423.
26. Chung A, Saouaf R, Scharre K, et al.: The impact of MRI on the treatment of DCIS. Am Surg 2005; 71: 705-710.
27. Silverstein MJ, Recht A, Lagios MD, et al.: Image-detected breast cancer: State-of-the-art diagnosis and treatment. J Am Coll Surg 2009; 209: 504-520.
28. Esserman LJ, Kumar AS, Herrera AF, et al.: Magnetic resonance imaging captures the biology of ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 4603-4610. (Pubitemid 46630958)
29. Morrow M,: Magnetic resonance imaging in the breast cancer patient: Curb your enthusiasm. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 352-353. (Pubitemid 351171683)
30. Silverstein MJ, Barth A, Poller DN, et al.: Ten-year results comparing mastectomy to excision and radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A: 1425-1427.
31. Silverstein MJ, Cohlan BF, Gierson ED, et al.: Duct carcinoma in situ: 227 cases without microinvasion. Eur J Cancer 1992; 28: 630-634.
32. Vargas C, Kestin L, Go N, et al.: Factors associated with local recurrence and cause specific survival in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63: 1514-1521. (Pubitemid 41628051)
33. Fisher B, Anderson S, Redmond CK, et al.: Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1456-1461.
34. Fisher ER, Leeming R, Anderson S, et al.: Conservative management of intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) of the breast. J Surg Oncol 1991; 47: 139-147.
35. Kerlikowske K, Molinaro A, Cha I, et al.: Characteristics Associated With Recurrence Among Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Treated by Lumpectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 1692-1702. (Pubitemid 37509078)
36. Fisher B, Costantino J, Redmond C, et al.: Lumpectomy compared with lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1581-1586. (Pubitemid 23151917)
37. Bijker N, Meijnen P, Peterse JL, et al.: Breast-conserving treatment with or without radiotherapy in ductal carcinoma-in-situ: Ten-year results of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized phase III trial 10853-a study by the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and EORTC Radiotherapy Group. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 3381-3387. (Pubitemid 46638893)
38. Macdonald HR, Silverstein MJ, Lee LA, et al.: Margin width as the sole determinant of local recurrence after breast conservation in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Am J Surg 2006; 192: 420-422. (Pubitemid 44344210)
39. Rashtian A, Iganej S, Liu IA, et al.: Close or positive margins after mastectomy for DCIS: Pattern of relapse and potential indications for radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 72: 1016-1020.
40. Silverstein MJ, Lagios M, Groshen S, et al.: The influence of margin width on local control of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1455-1461. (Pubitemid 29220544)
41. MacDonald HR, Silverstein MJ, Mabry H, et al.: Local control in ducal carcinoma in situ treated by excision alone: Incremental benefit of larger margins. Am J Surg 2005; 190: 521-525. (Pubitemid 41306068)
42. Dunne C, Burke JP, Morrow M, et al.: Effect of margin status on local recurrence after breast conservation and radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 1615-1620.
43. Rakovitch E, Pignol JP, Hanna Wedad, et al.: Significance of multifocality in ductal carcinoma in situ: Outcomes of women treated with breast-conserving therapy. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 5591-5596.
44. Haffty BG, Harrold E, Khan AJ, et al.: Outcome of conservatively managed early-onset breast cancer by BRCA1/2 status. Lancet 2002; 359: 1471-1477. (Pubitemid 34457765)
45. Bordeleau L, Panchal S, Goodwin P,: Prognosis of BRCA-associated breast cancer: A summary of evidence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 119: 13-24.
46. Silverstein MJ,: The University of Southern California / Van Nuys prognostic index for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Am J Surg 2003; 186: 337-343. (Pubitemid 38368606)
47. Fisher ER, Dignam J, Tan-Chiu E, et al.: Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) eight-year update of Protocol B-17: Intraductal carcinoma. Cancer 1999; 86: 429-438. (Pubitemid 29347405)
48. Silverstein MJ, Gierson ED, Colburn WJ, et al.: Axillary lymphadenectomy for intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 172: 211-214.
49. Sakr R, Antoine M, Barranger E, et al.: Value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast ductal carcinoma in situ upstaged to invasive carcinoma. Breast J 2008; 14: 55-60.
50. Klauber-DeMore N, Tan LK, Liberman L, et al.: Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Is it indicated in patients with high-risk ductal carcinoma-in-situ and ductal carcinoma-in-situ with microinvasion? Ann Surg Oncol 2000; 7: 636-642.
51. Intra M, Veronesi P, Mazzarol G, et al.: Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 309-313. (Pubitemid 36292666)
52. Intra M, Rotmensz N, Veronesi P, et al.: Sentinel node biopsy is not a standard procedure in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Ann Surg 2008; 247: 315-319.
53. Moore KH, Sweeney KJ, Wilson ME, et al.: Outcomes for women with ductal carcinoma-in-situ and a positive sentinel node: A multi-institutional audit. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14: 2911-2917. (Pubitemid 47460624)
54. Dominguez FJ, Golshan M, Black DM, et al.: Sentinel node biopsy is important in mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 268-273.
55. Pendas S, Dauway E, Giuliano R, et al.: Sentinel node biopsy in ductal carcinoma in situ patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2000; 7: 15-20. (Pubitemid 30078488)
56. Intra M, Zurrida S, Maffini F, et al.: Sentinel lymph node metastasis in microinvasive breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10: 1160-1165. (Pubitemid 40486810)
57. American Joint Committee on Cancer., Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton C, Fritz A, Greene FL, Trotti A, et al., editors. AJCC cancer staging manual, 7th edition. New York: Springer; 2010. Breast, Part VIII, pp. 417-160.
58. Giuliano AE, McCall L, Beitsch P, et al.: Locoregional recurrence after sentinel lymph node dissection with or without axillary dissection in patients with sentinel lymph node metastases. The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 randomized trial. Ann Surg 2010; 252: 426-433.
59. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: An overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 1998; 351: 1451-1467.
60. Fisher B, Dignam J, Wolmark N, et al.: Lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer: Findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-17. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 441-452. (Pubitemid 28135585)
61. Fisher B, Dignam J, Wolmark N, et al.: Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 1993-2000. (Pubitemid 29271743)
62. Fisher B, Land S, Mamounas E, et al.: Prevention of invasive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ: An update of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project experience. Semin Oncol 2001; 28: 400-418. (Pubitemid 32762083)
63. Houghton J and the UK coordinating committee on cancer research (UKCCCR). Radiotherapy and tamoxifen in women with completely excised ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand: Randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 95-102.
64. Cuzick J, Sestak I, Pinder SE, et al.: Beneficial effect of tamoxifen for women with DCIS: Long-term results from the UK/ANZ DCIS trial in women with locally excised DCIS. Cancer Res Suppl 2009; 69 (34): February 10, 2010; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472. SABCS-09-34.
65. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines 2011, version 2.2011.
66. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1371-1388. (Pubitemid 28439961)
67. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: Current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 1652-1662. (Pubitemid 41672231)
68. Cuzick J and the IBIS investigators. First results from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I): A randomised prevention trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 817-824.
69. Furr BJ, Patterson JS, Richardson DN, et al.: Tamoxifen (review). In:, Goldberg ME, editor. Pharmacological and biochemical properties of drug substances. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association; 1979; pp. 355-399.
70. Cummings SR, Eckert S, Krueger KA, et al.: The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Results from the MORE randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc 1999; 281: 2189-2197. (Pubitemid 29275701)
71. Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Effects of tamoxifen vs. raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: The NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. J Am Med Assoc 2006; 295: 2727-2741.
72. Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Update of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial: Preventing breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res 2010; 3: 696-706.
73. Fisher ER, Land SR, Saad RS, et al.: Pathologic variables predictive of breast events in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. Am J Clin Pathol 2007; 128: 86-91. (Pubitemid 47121719)
74. Allred D, Bryant J, Land S, et al.: Estrogen receptor expression as a predictive marker of the effectiveness of tamoxifen in the treatment of DCIS: Findings from the NSABP Protocol B-24. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003; 76: abstract 30. S36.
75. Allred DC, Carlson RW, Berry DA, et al.: NCCN Task Force Report: Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor testing in breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 2009; 7: S1-S21.
76. Hammond MEH, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, et al.: American Society of Clinical Oncology / College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 2784-2795.
77. Baum and the ATAC Trialists' Group. Anastrazole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Cancer 2003; 98: 1802-1810.
78. Cuzick J,: Aromatase inhibitors in prevention-data from the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) Trial and the design of IBIS-I (the Second International Breast Cancer Intervention Study. Recent Results Cancer Res 2003; 163: 96-103.
79. Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project update: Prevention trials and endocrine therapy of ductal carcinoma in situ. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9: 495S-501S. (Pubitemid 36105793)
80. Horimoto Y, Tokuda E, Arakawa A, et al.: Significance of HER2 protein examination in ductal carcinoma in situ. J Surg Res 2011; 167 (2): 205-210.
81. Roses RE, Paulson EC, Sharma A, et al.: HER-2/neu overexpression as a predictor for the transition from in situ to invasive breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18: 1386-1389.
82. Bijker N, Peterse JL, Duchateau L, et al.: Histological type and marker expression of the primary tumour compared with its local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ. Br J Cancer 2001; 84: 539-544. (Pubitemid 32215883)
83. Gonzalez RJ, Buzdar AU, Fraser Symmans W, et al.: Novel clinical trial designs for treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with trastuzumab (herceptin). Breast J 2007; 13: 72-75. (Pubitemid 46046497)
84. Rodrigues L, Mansi J, Griffiths J,: Radiation enhances the antitumor effect of Herceptin on c-neu/HER2 mammary carcinomas in transgenic oncomice. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 2003; 44: 132a.
85. Sato S, Kajiyama Y, Sugano M, et al.: Monoclonal antibody to HER-2/neu receptor enhances radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cell lines expressing HER-2/neu oncoprotein. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 61: 203-211. (Pubitemid 40039124)