Mortality and loss to follow-up in the first year of ART: Malawi national ART programme

AIDS

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 365-373

  Weigel, Ralf ^a,b   Estill, Janne ^c   Egger, Matthias ^c   Harries, Anthony D ^d,e   Makombe, Simon ^f   Tweya, Hannock ^b,d   Jahn, Andreas ^f   Keiser, Olivia ^c  

^a LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b KAMUZU CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Malawi)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^d INTERNATIONAL UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE   (France)

^e LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^f MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Malawi)

Author keywords

antiretroviral therapy; loss to follow up; Malawi; mortality; retention on ART

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALAWI; MALE; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LOST TO FOLLOW-UP; MALAWI; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84855349764     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: 14735571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834ed814     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Gilks CF, Crowley S, Ekpini R, Gove S, Perriens J, Souteyrand Y, et al. The WHO public-health approach to antiretroviral treatment against HIV in resource-limited settings. Lancet 2006; 368:505-510. (Pubitemid 44142772)
2. UNAIDS. 'Three Ones' Key principles 2004. http://data.unaids.org/UNA- docs/three-ones-keyprinciples-en.pdf.
3. WHO. Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector Progress report 2010. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/ 2010progressreport/en/.
4. Anaky MF, Duvignac J, Wemin L, Kouakoussui A, Karcher S, Toure S, et al. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children in Cote d'Ivoire: determinants of survival and loss to programme. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88:490-499.
5. Bolton-Moore C, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Cantrell RA, Chintu N, Stringer EM, Chi BH, et al. Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary healthcare facilities in Zambia. JAMA 2007; 298:1888-1899. (Pubitemid 350005233)
6. Boulle A, Bock P, Osler M, Cohen K, Channing L, Hilderbrand K, et al. Antiretroviral therapy and early mortality in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86:678-687.
7. Sauvageot D, Schaefer M, Olson D, Pujades-Rodriguez M, O'Brien DP. Antiretroviral therapy outcomes in resource limited settings for HIV-infected children <5 years of age. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e1039-e1047.
8. Stringer JS, Zulu I, Levy J, Stringer EM, Mwango A, Chi BH, et al. Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in Zambia: feasibility and early outcomes. JAMA 2006; 296:782-793. (Pubitemid 44223102)
9. Toure S, Kouadio B, Seyler C, Traore M, Dakoury-Dogbo N, Duvignac J, et al. Rapid scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy in 10 000 adults in Cote d'Ivoire: 2-year outcomes and determinants. AIDS 2008; 22:873-882. (Pubitemid 351563837)
10. Chasombat S, McConnell MS, Siangphoe U, Yuktanont P, Jirawattanapisal T, Fox K, et al. National expansion of antiretroviral treatment in Thailand, 2000-2007: program scale-up and patient outcomes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 50:506-512.
11. McConnell MS, Chasombat S, Siangphoe U, Yuktanont P, Lolekha R, Pattarapayoon N, et al. National program scaleup and patient outcomes in a pediatric antiretroviral treatment program, Thailand, 2000-2007. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 54:423-429.
12. Lowrance DW, Ndamage F, Kayirangwa E, Ndagije F, Lo W, Hoover DR, et al. Adult clinical and immunologic outcomes of the national antiretroviral treatment program in Rwanda during 2004-2005. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 52:49-55.
13. Makombe SD, Hochgesang M, Jahn A, Tweya H, Hedt B, Chuka S, et al. Assessing the quality of data aggregated by antiretroviral treatment clinics in Malawi. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86:310-314. (Pubitemid 351521858)
14. Lowrance D, Filler S, Makombe S, Harries A, Aberle-Grasse J, Hochgesang M, et al. Assessment of a national monitoring and evaluation system for rapid expansion of antiretroviral treatment in Malawi. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12:377-381. (Pubitemid 46280630)
15. John Snow I. Draft Report for the Data Quality Audit for HIV/AIDS in Malawi (MLW-102-G01-H, MLW-506-G03-H, MLW-708-G07-H. 2011. http://www. hivunitmohmw.org/uploads/Main/DQA%20Final%20Report%20July2011.pdf.
16. Lowrance DW, Makombe S, Harries AD, Shiraishi RW, Hochgesang M, Aberle-Grasse J, et al. A public health approach to rapid scale-up of antiretroviral treatment in Malawi during 2004-2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 49:287-293.
17. Ministry of Health Malawi. A five year plan for the provision of antiretroviral therapy and good management of HIV related diseases to HIV infected patients in Malawi 2006 to 2010. 2006. http://www.hivunitmohmw.org/ uploads/Main/ARV-ScaleUpPlan-2006-2010.pdf.
18. Ministry of Health Malawi. Treatment of AIDS. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi, 2nd Edition 2006. Lilongwe, December 2005. http://www.hivunitmohmw.org/up loads/Main/Malawi-ARV-Guidelines-2ndEdition.doc.
19. Libamba E, Makombe S, Mhango E, de Ascurra TO, Limbambala E, Schouten EJ, et al. Supervision, monitoring and evaluation of nationwide scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84:320-326.
20. Douglas GP, Gadabu OJ, Joukes S, Mumba S, McKay MV, Ben-Smith A, et al. Using touchscreen electronic medical record systems to support and monitor national scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. PLoS Med 2010; 7.
21. Fine JP, Gray RJ. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc 1999; 496-509.
22. Egger M, Spycher BD, Sidle J, Weigel R, Geng EH, Fox MP, et al. Correcting mortality for loss to follow-up: a nomogram applied to antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1000390.
23. Brinkhof MW, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Egger M. Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5790.
24. Cornell M, Technau K, Fairall L, Wood R, Moultrie H, Van CG, et al. Monitoring the South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Programme, 2003-2007: the IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration. S Afr Med J 2009; 99:653-660.
25. Somi G, Matee M, Makene CL, Van Den Hombergh J, Kilama B, Yahya-Malima KI, et al. Three years of HIV/AIDS care and treatment services in Tanzania: achievements and challenges. Tanzan J Health Res 2009; 11:136-143.
26. Bock P, Boulle A, White C, Osler M, Eley B. Provision of antiretroviral therapy to children within the public sector of South Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102:905-911.
27. Laufer MK, van Oosterhout JJ, Perez MA, Kanyanganlika J, Taylor TE, Plowe CV, et al. Observational cohort study of HIV-infected African children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:623-627. (Pubitemid 43995360)
28. Somi G, Arthur G, Gongo R, Senkoro K, Kellogg T, O'Donnell J, et al. 24-Month outcomes for adults in Tanzania's National ART Program from 2004 to 2009: success maintained during scaleup, but should services be more youth friendly? In 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Abstract number 1019, Boston, 2011; 2011.
29. Cornell M, Grimsrud A, Fairall L, Fox MP, Van CG, Giddy J, et al. Temporal changes in programme outcomes among adult patients initiating antiretroviral therapy across South Africa, 2002-2007. AIDS 2010; 24:2263-2270.
30. Chi BH, Cantrell RA, Mwango A, Westfall AO, Mutale W, Limbada M, et al. An empirical approach to defining loss to follow-up among patients enrolled in antiretroviral treatment programs. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:924-931.
31. van Oosterhout JJ, Kumwenda JJ, Beadsworth M, Mateyu G, Longwe T, Burger DM, et al. Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy started early in the course of tuberculosis treatment in adult Malawians. Antivir Ther 2007; 12:515-521. (Pubitemid 47041150)
32. Yu JK, Tok TS, Tsai JJ, Chang WS, Dzimadzi RK, Yen PH, et al. What happens to patients on antiretroviral therapy who transfer out to another facility? PLoS One 2008; 3:e2065.
33. Ministry of Health Malawi. Malawi Integrated Guidelines for Clinical Management of HIV, 2011, First Edition. http://www. hivunitmohmw.org/uploads/ Main/Malawi%20Integrated%20 Guidelines%20for%20Clinical%20Management%20of%20 HIV%202011%20First%20Edition.
34. Bong CN, Yu JK, Chiang HC, Huang WL, Hsieh TC, Schouten EJ, et al. Risk factors for early mortality in children on adult fixeddose combination antiretroviral treatment in a central hospital in Malawi. AIDS 2007; 21:1805-1810. (Pubitemid 47237569)
35. Chen SC, Yu JK, Harries AD, Bong CN, Kolola-Dzimadzi R, Tok TS, et al. Increased mortality of male adults with AIDS related to poor compliance to antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13:513-519. (Pubitemid 351533602)
36. Taylor-Smith K, Tweya H, Harries A, Schoutene E, Jahn A. Gender differences in retention and survival on antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infected adults in Malawi. Malawi Med J 2010; 22:49-56.
37. Schouten EJ, Jahn A, Midiani D, Makombe SD, Mnthambala A, Chirwa Z, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the health-related Millennium Development Goals: time for a public health approach. Lancet 2011; 378:282-284.
38. Cornell M, Myer L, Kaplan R, Bekker LG, Wood R. The impact of gender and income on survival and retention in a South African antiretroviral therapy programme. Trop Med Int Health 2009; 14:722-731.
39. Ferrand RA, Munaiwa L, Matsekete J, Bandason T, Nathoo K, Ndhlovu CE, et al. Undiagnosed HIV infection among adolescents seeking primary healthcare in Zimbabwe. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51:844-851.
40. Cornell M, McIntyre J, Myer L. Men and antiretroviral therapy in Africa: our blind spot. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:828-829.
41. Nattrass N. Gender and access to antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. Feminist Economics 2008; 14:19-36.
42. WHO. Adolescent friendly health services. An agenda for change. 2002. http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/documents/fch-cah-02-14/en/index. html.
43. Haberer JE, Cook A, Walker AS, Ngambi M, Ferrier A, Mulenga V, et al. Excellent adherence to antiretrovirals in HIV+ Zambian children is compromised by disrupted routine, HIV nondisclosure, and paradoxical income effects. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18505.
44. UNICEF. Children and AIDS: Fifth Stocktaking Report, 2010. http://www.unicef.org.uk/Latest/Publications/Children-and-AIDS-5th-Stocktaking- Report-2010/.
45. UNICEF. Second Global Consultation on Service Provision for Adolescents Living with HIV. Consensus Statement. 2010. http://www.unicef.org/aids/files/ Communique-ALHIV-Final2.pdf.