메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 347-374

Variability in American English s-retraction suggests a solution to the actuation problem

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84555188276     PISSN: 09543945     EISSN: 14698021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0954394511000135     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (80)

References (46)
  • 4
    • 57749143097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational approaches to the study of language change
    • March
    • . (2008b). Computational approaches to the study of language change. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(March):289-307.
    • (2008) Language and Linguistics Compass , vol.2 , pp. 289-307
    • Baker, A.1
  • 5
    • 84930558740 scopus 로고
    • An acoustic analysis of frontal misarticulation of /s/ in children
    • Baum, Shari R., & McNutt, James C. (1990). An acoustic analysis of frontal misarticulation of /s/ in children. Journal of Phonetics 18:51-63.
    • (1990) Journal of Phonetics , vol.18 , pp. 51-63
    • Baum, S.R.1    McNutt, J.C.2
  • 6
    • 75949094313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coarticulatory path to sound change
    • Beddor, Patrice Speeter. (2009). A coarticulatory path to sound change. Language 85:785-821.
    • (2009) Language , vol.85 , pp. 785-821
    • Beddor, P.S.1
  • 7
    • 85196059362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying perceptual methods to the study of phonetic variation and sound change
    • In M.-J. Solé, P. S. Beddor, and M. Ohala (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Beddor, Patrice Speeter, Brasher, Anthony, & Narayan, Chandan. (2007). "Applying perceptual methods to the study of phonetic variation and sound change." In M.-J. Solé, P. S. Beddor, and M. Ohala (eds.), Experimental approaches to phonology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 125-143.
    • (2007) Experimental Approaches to Phonology , pp. 125-143
    • Beddor, P.S.1    Brasher, A.2    Narayan, C.3
  • 8
    • 0036816868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language-specific patterns of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation: Acoustic structures and their perceptual correlates
    • Beddor, Patrice Speeter, Harnsberger, James D., & Lindemann, Stephanie. (2002a). Language-specific patterns of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation: acoustic structures and their perceptual correlates. Journal of Phonetics 30:591-627.
    • (2002) Journal of Phonetics , vol.30 , pp. 591-627
    • Beddor Patrice, S.1    Harnsberger, J.D.2    Lindemann, S.3
  • 9
    • 0036816868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language-specific patterns of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation: Acoustic structures and their perceptual correlates
    • . (2002b). Language-specific patterns of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation: acoustic structures and their perceptual correlates. Journal of Phonetics 30:591-627.
    • (2002) Journal of Phonetics , vol.30 , pp. 591-627
    • Beddor Patrice, S.1    Harnsberger, J.D.2    Lindemann, S.3
  • 11
    • 84937343492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bybee, Joan. (2001). Phonology and language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2001) Phonology and Language Use
    • Bybee, J.1
  • 12
    • 84555210925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Broe & J. Pierrehumbert (eds.), Papers in laboratory phonology V: Acquisition and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Coleman, John. (2000). "Where is coarticulation? " In M. Broe & J. Pierrehumbert (eds.), Papers in laboratory phonology V: Acquisition and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 102-117.
    • (2000) Where Is Coarticulation? , pp. 102-117
    • Coleman, J.1
  • 13
    • 84946381153 scopus 로고
    • A dialect study of American R's by X-ray motion picture
    • Delattre, Pierre, & Freeman, Donald C. (1968). "A dialect study of American R's by X-ray motion picture." Language 44:29-68.
    • (1968) Language , vol.44 , pp. 29-68
    • Delattre, P.1    Freeman, D.C.2
  • 14
    • 79959583408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting [s]tronger every day? : Urbanization and the socio-geographic diffusion of (str) in Columbus, OH
    • Durian, David. (2007 ). "Getting [s]tronger every day? : Urbanization and the socio-geographic diffusion of (str) in Columbus, OH." University of PennsylvaniaWorking Papers in Linguistics. vol. 13:65-79.
    • (2007) University of PennsylvaniaWorking Papers in Linguistics , vol.13 , pp. 65-79
    • Durian, D.1
  • 15
    • 65449135242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diachronic explanations of sound patterns
    • Hansson, Gunnar Ólafur. (2008). "Diachronic explanations of sound patterns." Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5):859-893.
    • (2008) Language and Linguistics Compass , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 859-893
    • Hansson, G.O.1
  • 16
    • 0347014494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounts of phonemic split have been exaggerated-but not enough
    • Janda, Richard D. (1999). "Accounts of phonemic split have been exaggerated-but not enough." Proceedings of ICPhS 14.
    • (1999) Proceedings of ICPhS , vol.14
    • Janda, R.D.1
  • 17
    • 84960231147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonologization" as the start of dephoneticization-or, on sound-change and its aftermath: Of extension, generalization, lexicalization, and morphologization
    • In B. D. Joseph & R. D. Janda (eds.),. Oxford, UK Blackwell
    • . (2003). ""Phonologization" as the start of dephoneticization-or, on sound-change and its aftermath: Of extension, generalization, lexicalization, and morphologization." In B. D. Joseph & R. D. Janda (eds.), The handbook of historical linguistics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. 401-422.
    • (2003) The Handbook of Historical Linguistics , pp. 401-422
  • 18
    • 68949149674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering the canons of sound-change: Towards a "big bang" theory
    • B. Blake & K. Burridge (eds.), 13-17 August 2001. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co
    • Janda, Richard D., & Joseph, Brian D. (2003). "Reconsidering the canons of sound-change: Towards a "big bang" theory." In B. Blake & K. Burridge (eds.), Selected papers from the 15th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Melbourne, 13-17 August 2001. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. 205-219.
    • (2003) Selected Papers from the 15th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Melbourne , pp. 205-219
    • Janda, R.D.1    Joseph, B.D.2
  • 19
    • 77952396979 scopus 로고
    • Systematic hyperforeignisms as maximally external evidence for linguistic rules
    • In R. Corrigan Lima & G. Iverson (eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing
    • Janda, Richard D., Joseph, Brian D., & Jacobs, Neil. (1994). "Systematic hyperforeignisms as maximally external evidence for linguistic rules." In R. Corrigan Lima & G. Iverson (eds.), The reality of linguistic rules. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. 67-92.
    • (1994) The Reality of Linguistic Rules , pp. 67-92
    • Janda, R.D.1    Joseph, B.D.2    Jacobs, N.3
  • 20
    • 0036656884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parametric study of the spectral characteristics of European Portuguese fricatives
    • Jesus, Luis M. T., & Shadle, Christine H. (2002). "A parametric study of the spectral characteristics of European Portuguese fricatives." Journal of Phonetics 30:437-464.
    • (2002) Journal of Phonetics , vol.30 , pp. 437-464
    • Jesus, L.M.T.1    Shadle, C.H.2
  • 22
    • 84555160673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On projecting variation back into a proto-language, with particular attention to Germanic evidence and some thoughts on "drift"
    • In Thomas D. Cravens (ed.), John Benjamins Publishing Company
    • Joseph, Brian D. (2005). "On projecting variation back into a proto-language, with particular attention to Germanic evidence and some thoughts on "drift"." In Thomas D. Cravens (ed.), Variation and reconstruction. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 103-118.
    • (2005) Variation and Reconstruction , pp. 103-118
    • Joseph, B.D.1
  • 23
    • 0003360473 scopus 로고
    • Field methods of the project on linguistic change and variation
    • In J. Baugh& J. Sherzer (eds.),. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall
    • Labov,William. (1984). "Field methods of the project on linguistic change and variation." In J. Baugh & J. Sherzer (eds.), Language in use: Readings in sociolinguistics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 28-53.
    • (1984) Language in Use: Readings in Sociolinguistics , pp. 28-53
    • Labov, W.1
  • 24
    • 0003711977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal factors. Chichester, UK Blackwell
    • . (1994). Principles of linguistic change, Volume 1: Internal factors. Chichester, UK: Blackwell.
    • (1994) Principles of Linguistic Change , vol.1
  • 25
    • 0003711977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Factors. Chichester, UK Blackwell
    • . (2001). Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 2: Social Factors. Chichester, UK: Blackwell.
    • (2001) Principles of Linguistic Change , vol.2
  • 26
    • 84555217184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2002 International Conference on Korean Linguistics
    • . (2002). "Driving forces in linguistic change." 2002 International Conference on Korean Linguistics.
    • (2002) Driving Forces in Linguistic Change
  • 27
    • 0011968718 scopus 로고
    • Out of chaos comes order'" Physical, biological and structural patterns in phonetics
    • In M. P. R. Van den Broecke & A. Cohen (eds.),. Dordrecht: Foris Publications
    • Ladefoged, Peter. (1984). "'Out of chaos comes order'": Physical, biological and structural patterns in phonetics." In M. P. R. Van den Broecke & A. Cohen (eds.), Proceedings of ICPhS 10. Dordrecht: Foris Publications. 83-95.
    • (1984) Proceedings of ICPhS , vol.10 , pp. 83-95
    • Ladefoged, P.1
  • 28
    • 84937331008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • /str/→ /?tr/: Assimilation at a distance?
    • Lawrence, Wayne. (2000). "/str/→ /?tr/: Assimilation at a distance? " American Speech 75(1):82-87.
    • (2000) American Speech , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-87
    • Lawrence, W.1
  • 29
    • 0032067476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General contrast effects in speech perception: Effect of preceding liquid on stop consonant identification
    • Lotto, Andrew J., & Kluender, Keith R. (1998). "General contrast effects in speech perception: Effect of preceding liquid on stop consonant identification." Perception & Psychophysics 60(4):602-619. (Pubitemid 128455782)
    • (1998) Perception and Psychophysics , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 602-619
    • Lotto, A.J.1    Kluender, K.R.2
  • 30
    • 79954991795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability and homogeneity in American English /?/ allophony and /s/ retraction
    • In B. Kühnert (ed.), Variation, detail, and representation.. Berlin Mouton de Gruyter
    • Mielke, Jeff, Baker, Adam, & Archangeli, Diana. (2010). "Variability and homogeneity in American English /?/ allophony and /s/ retraction." In B. Kühnert (ed.), Variation, detail, and representation. LabPhon 10. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 699-729.
    • (2010) LabPhon , vol.10 , pp. 699-729
    • Mielke, J.1    Baker, A.2    Archangeli, D.3
  • 31
    • 59149086675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic bias and phonological typology
    • Moreton, Elliott. (2008). "Analytic bias and phonological typology." Phonology 25(1):83-127.
    • (2008) Phonology , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-127
    • Moreton, E.1
  • 32
    • 0024523890 scopus 로고
    • The emergence of phonetic segments: Evidence from the spectral structure of fricative-vowel syllables spoken by children and adults
    • Nittrouer, Susan, Studdert-Kennedy, Michael, & McGowan, Richard S. (1989) . "The emergence of phonetic segments evidence from the spectral structure of fricative-vowel syllables spoken by children and adults." Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 32(1):120-132. (Pubitemid 19092987)
    • (1989) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 120-132
    • Nittrouer, S.1    Studdert-Kennedy, M.2    McGowan, R.S.3
  • 33
    • 0001907916 scopus 로고
    • The listener as a source of sound change
    • In C. S. Masek, R. A. Hendrick, &M. F. Miller (eds.). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society
    • Ohala, John J. (1981). "The listener as a source of sound change." In C. S. Masek, R. A. Hendrick, &M. F. Miller (eds.), Papers from the parasession on language and behavior. Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society. 178-203.
    • (1981) Papers from the Parasession on Language and Behavior , pp. 178-203
    • Ohala, J.J.1
  • 34
    • 0002549523 scopus 로고
    • The origin of sound patterns in vocal tract constraints
    • P. F. MacNeilage (ed.). New York: Springer- Verlag
    • . (1983). "The origin of sound patterns in vocal tract constraints." In P. F. MacNeilage (ed.), The production of speech. New York: Springer-Verlag. 189-216.
    • (1983) The Production of Speech , pp. 189-216
  • 35
    • 34248830240 scopus 로고
    • Coarticulation and phonology
    • . (1993). "Coarticulation and phonology." Language and Speech 36(2-3):155-170.
    • (1993) Language and Speech , vol.36 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 155-170
  • 36
    • 84937304293 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchies of environments for sound variation; Plus implications for "'neutral"' vowels in vowel harmony
    • . (1994). "Hierarchies of environments for sound variation; plus implications for "'neutral"' vowels in vowel harmony." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 27:371-382.
    • (1994) Acta Linguistica Hafniensia , vol.27 , pp. 371-382
  • 37
    • 0042047175 scopus 로고
    • Nasal epenthesis in Hindi
    • Ohala, John J., & Ohala, Manjari. (1991a). "Nasal epenthesis in Hindi." Phonetica 48:207-220.
    • (1991) Phonetica , vol.48 , pp. 207-220
    • Ohala, J.J.1    Ohala, M.2
  • 38
    • 0040917001 scopus 로고
    • Reply to commentators
    • . (1991b). "Reply to commentators." Phonetica 48:271-274.
    • (1991) Phonetica , vol.48 , pp. 271-274
  • 40
    • 0345440984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exemplar dynamics Word frequency, lenition and contrast
    • In J. Bybee & P. Hopper (eds). Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Pierrehumbert, Janet B. (2001). "Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast." In J. Bybee & P. Hopper (eds). Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 323-418.
    • (2001) Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure , pp. 323-418
    • Pierrehumbert, J.B.1
  • 41
    • 79960463796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic analysis of a sound change in progress: The consonant cluster /st?/ in English
    • Rutter, Ben. (2011). "Acoustic analysis of a sound change in progress: The consonant cluster /st?/ in English." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41(1):27-40.
    • (2011) Journal of the International Phonetic Association , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-40
    • Rutter, B.1
  • 42
    • 79960463546 scopus 로고
    • A case of distant assimilation: Str
    • Shapiro, Michael. (1995). "A case of distant assimilation: str." American Speech 70(1):101-107.
    • (1995) American Speech , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-107
    • Shapiro, M.1
  • 43
    • 84555210928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Working Papers in Linguistics, Philology & Phonetics
    • Watson, Ian. (1999). "Phonetics, phonologization, and French nasal vowels." Oxford University Working Papers in Linguistics, Philology & Phonetics 4:157-173.
    • (1999) Phonetics, Phonologization, and French Nasal Vowels , vol.4 , pp. 157-173
    • Watson, I.1
  • 44
    • 0003389264 scopus 로고
    • Empirical foundations for a theory of language change
    • In W. Lehmann & Y. Malkiel (eds.). Austin University of Texas Press
    • Weinreich, Uriel, Labov, William, & Herzog, Marvin. (1968). "Empirical foundations for a theory of language change." In W. Lehmann & Y. Malkiel (eds.), Directions for historical linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press.
    • (1968) Directions for Historical Linguistics
    • Weinreich, U.1    Labov, W.2    Herzog, M.3
  • 46
    • 77957904033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual compensation is correlated with individuals' "autistic" traits: Implications for models of sound change
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone0011950
    • Yu, Alan C. L. (2010). "Perceptual compensation is correlated with individuals' "autistic" traits: Implications for models of sound change." PLoS ONE 5(8): E11950. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011950.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , Issue.8
    • Yu Alan, C.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.