Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments of the upper Tigris River, Turkey

Catena

Volumn 92, Issue , 2012, Pages 1-10

  Varol, Memet ^a   Şen, Bülent ^b  

^a Plant Protection Research Institute   (Turkey)

^b FIRAT UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Cluster analysis; Enrichment factor; Geoaccumulation index; Metals; River pollution; Water and sediment quality guidelines

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ENRICHMENT; FLUVIAL DEPOSIT; GEOACCUMULATION; HEAVY METAL; MINE DRAINAGE; RIVER POLLUTION; SEDIMENT POLLUTION; SURFACE WATER;

TIGRIS RIVER; TURKEY;

EID: 84255189094     PISSN: 03418162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2011.11.011     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Adaikpoh E.O., Nwajei G.E., Ogala J.E. Heavy metals concentrations in coal and sediments from River Ekulu in Enugu, Coal City of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 2005, 9:5-8.
2. Adamiec E., Helios-Rybicka E. Distribution of pollutants in the Odra River system part IV. Heavy metal distribution in water of the upper and middle Odra River, 1998-2000. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2002, 11:669-673.
3. Aguasanta S., Miguel N.J., Manuel O., Carlos C. Environmental impact of mining activities in the Odiel river basin (SW Spain). 9th International Mine Water Congress, Spain 2005.
4. Ahmad M.K., Islam S., Rahman S., Haque M.R., Islam M.M. Heavy metals in water, sediment and some fishes of Buriganga River, Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research 2010, 4:321-332.
5. Akbulut E.N., Bayari S., Akbulut A., Şahin Y. Rivers of Turkey. Rivers of Europa 2009, 643-672. Academic Press, New York. K. Tockner, C.T. Robinson, U. Uehlinger (Eds.).
6. Akoto O., Bruce T.N., Darko G. Heavy metals pollution profiles in streams serving the Owabi reservoir. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2008, 2:354-359.
7. APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 1995, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., New York. 16th ed.
8. Bhuiyan M.A.H., Parvez L., Islam M.A., Dampare S.B., Suzuki S. Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010, 173:384-392.
9. Bradley S.B., Cox J.J. Heavy metals in the Hamps and Manifold Valleys, North Staffordshire, UK: partitioning of metals in floodplain soils. Science of the Total Environment 1986, 50:103-128.
10. Budambula N.L.M., Mwachiro E.C. Metal status of Nairobi River waters and their bioaccumulation in Labeo cylindricus. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2006, 169:275-291.
11. Calmano W., Ahlf W., Forstner U. Exchange of heavy metals between sediment components and water. NATO ASI Series 1990, Vol. G 23:503-522. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. J.A.C. Broekaert, T. Güçer, F. Adams (Eds.).
12. Carpenter S.R., Caraco N.F., Correll D.L., Howarth R.W., Sharpley A.N., Smith V.H. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 1998, 8:559-568.
13. Casado-Martinez M.C., Forja J.M., DelValls T.A. A multivariate assessment of sediment contamination in dredged materials from Spanish ports. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 163:1353-1359.
14. Chung C.Y., Chen J.J., Lee C.G., Chiu C.Y., Lai W.L., Liao S.W. Integrated estuary management for diffused sediment pollution in Dapeng Bay and neighboring rivers (Taiwan). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2011, 173:499-517.
15. Conley D.J., Paer H.W., Howarth R.W., Boesch D.F., Seitzinger S.P., Havens K.E., Lancelot C., Likens G.E. Controlling eutrophication: nitrogen and phosphorus. Science 2009, 323:1014-1015.
16. Cook J.A., Andrew S.M., Johnson M.S. Lead, zinc, cadmium and fluoride insmall mammals from contaminated grass-land established on fluorspar tailings. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 1990, 51:43-54.
17. Coulthard T.J., Macklin M.G. Modeling long-term contamination in river systems from historical metal mining. Geology 2003, 31:451-454.
18. Covelli S., Fontolan G. Application of a normalization procedure in determining regional geochemical baselines. Environmental Geology 1997, 30(1/2):34-45.
19. Dan'azumi S., Bichi M.H. Industrial pollution and heavy metals profile of Challawa River in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation 2010, 5:23-29.
20. Dauvalter V., Rognerud S. Heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Pasvik River drainage. Chemosphere 2001, 42:9-18.
21. Davide V., Pardos M., Diserens J., Ugazio G., Thomas R., Dominik J. Characterisation of bed sediments and suspension of the River Po (Italy) during normal and high flow conditions. Water Research 2003, 37:2847-2864.
22. Deniseger J., Erickson J., Austin A., Roch M., Clark M.J.R. The effects of decreasing heavy metal concentrations on the biota of Buttle Lake. Water Research 1990, 24:403-416.
23. Dodds W.K., Jones J.R., Welch E.B. Suggested classification of stream trophic state: distributions of temperate stream types by chlorophyll, total nitrogen, and phosphorus. Water Research 1998, 32:1455-1462.
24. Duan S.W., Xu F., Wang L.J. Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations of the Changjiang River and principal tributaries. Biogeochemistry 2007, 85:215-234.
25. Dundar M.S., Altundag H. Investigation of heavy metal contaminations in the lower Sakarya River water and sediments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2007, 128:177-181.
26. EC The quality of water intended to human consumption. Directive 1998/83/EC, Official Journal L330/05.12.1998 1998, 32-54. European Community.
27. Farkas A., Claudio E., Vigano L. Assessment of the environmental significance of heavy metal pollution in surficial sediments of the River Po. Chemosphere 2007, 68:761-768.
28. Frankowski M., Sojka M., Ziola-Frankowska A., Siepak M., Murat-Blazejewska S. Distribution of heavy metals in the Mala Welna River system (western Poland). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 2009, 38:51-61.
29. Gaur V.K., Gupta S.K., Pandey S.D., Gopal K., Misra V. Distribution of heavy metals in sediment and water of River Gomti. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2005, 102:419-433.
30. Gibbs R.J. Mechanisms of trace metal transport in rivers. Science 1973, 180:71-73.
31. Goorzadi M., Vahabzadeh Gh., Ghanbarpour M.R., Karbassi A.R. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Tilehbon River Sediments, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences 2009, 9(6):1190-1193.
32. Gümgüm B., Öztürk G. Chemical speciation of heavy metals in the Tigris River sediment. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability 2001, 13:25-29.
33. Gümgüm B., Ünlü E., Tez Z., Gülsün Z. Heavy metal pollution in water, sediment and fish from the Tigris River in Turkey. Chemosphere 1994, 29:111-116.
34. Gümgüm B., Ünlü E., Akba O., Yildiz A., Namli O. Copper and zinc contamination of the Tigris River (Turkey) and its wetlands. Archiv fur Naturschutz und Landschaftsforschung 2001, 40:233-239.
35. Gutierrez R.L., Rubio-Arias H., Quintana R., Ortega J.A., Gutierrez M. Heavy metals in water of the San Pedro River in Chihuahua, Mexico and its potential health risk. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2008, 5:91-98.
36. Heiny J.S., Tate C.M. Concentration, distribution, and comparison of selected trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue in the South Platte River Basin, USA, 1992-1993. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1997, 32:246-259.
37. Horowitz A.J. A Primer on Sediment-Trace Element Chemistry 1991, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan.
38. Huang B., Zhao Y., Shi X., Yu D., Zhao Y., Sun W., Wang H., Öborn I. Source identification and spatial variability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and selected heavy metals in surface water and sediment in the riverine systems of a peri-urban interface. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 2007, 42:371-380.
39. Hudson-Edwards K., Macklin M., Taylor M. Historic metal mining inputs to Tees River sediment. The Science of the Total Environment 1997, 194(195):437-445.
40. Hudson-Edwards K., Macklin M.G., Taylor M.P. 200 years of sediment-borne heavy metal storage in the Yorkshire Ouse basin, NE England, UK. Hydrological Processes 1999, 13:1087-1102.
41. Hudson-Edwards K.A., Macklin M.G., Brewer P.A., Dennis I.A. Assessment of Metal Mining-Contaminated River Sediments in England and Wales 2008, Environment Agency, Aberystywth.
42. ISO Water Quality Determination of Nitrate. Part 1: 2,6-Dimethylphenol Spectrometric Method 1986, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
43. Jain C.K., Singhal D.C., Sharma M.K. Metal pollution assessment of sediment and water in the River Hindon, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2005, 105:193-207.
44. Jarvie H.P., Whitton B.A., Neal C. Nitrogen and phosphorus in east coast British rivers: speciation, sources and biological significance. Science of the Total Environment 1998, 210-211:79-109.
45. Kannel P.R., Lee S., Kanel S.R., Khan S.P., Lee Y.S. Spatial-temporal variation and comparative assessment of water qualities of urban river system: a case study of the River Bagmati (Nepal). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2007, 129:433-459.
46. Karadede-Akin H., Ünlü E. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, fish and some benthic organisms from Tigris River, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2007, 131:323-337.
47. Karageorgis A.P., Nikolaidis N.P., Karamanos H., Skoulikidis N. Water and sediment quality assessment of the Axios River and its coastal environment. Continental Shelf Research 2003, 23:1929-1944.
48. Kikuchi T., Furuichi T., Hai H.T., Tanaka S. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in river water of Hanoi, Vietnam using multivariate analyses. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2009, 83:575-582.
49. Kirat G., Bölücek C. The effect of the digestion to metal distribution in the stream sediments in the Maden (Elaziǧ) vicinity. Firat Üniversitesi Journal of Engineering 2010, 22:147-155.
50. Levkov Z., Krstic S. Use of algae for monitoring of heavy metals in the River Vardar, Macedonia. Mediterranean Marine Science 2002, 3:99-112.
51. Li S., Zhang Q. Spatial characterization of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the upper Han River (China) using multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010, 176:579-588.
52. Li J., He M., Han W., Gu Y. Analysis and assessment on heavy metal sources in the coastal soils developed from alluvial deposits using multivariate statistical methods. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 164:976-981.
53. Loska K., Wiechula D. Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere 2003, 51:723-733.
54. MacDonald D.D., Ingersoll C.G., Berger T.A. Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2000, 39:20-31.
55. Macklin M.G. Metal contaminated soils and sediment: a geographical perspective. Managing the Human Impact on the Natural Environment: Patterns and Processes 1992, 174-195. Belhaven Press, London. M.D. Newson (Ed.).
56. Macklin M.G., Brewer P.A., Hudson-Edwards K.A., Bird G., Coulthard T.J., Dennis I.A., Lechler P.J., Miller J.R., Turner J.N. A geomorphological approach to the management of rivers contaminated by metal mining. Geomorphology 2006, 79:423-447.
57. Marcus W.A. Regulating contaminated sediments in aquatic environments: a hydrologic perspective. Environmental Management 1989, 13:703-713.
58. Martin C.W. Heavy metal trends in floodplain sediments and valley fill, River Lahn, Germany. Catena 2000, 39:53-68.
59. Martin C.W. Heavy metal storage in near channel sediments of the Lahn River, Germany. Geomorphology 2004, 61:275-285.
60. Mendez, W., 2005. Contamination of Rimac River Basin Peru, due tomining tailings. TRITA-LWR Master Thesis. Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Infrastructure, The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm.
61. Mendil D., Ünal Ö.F., Tüzen M., Soylak M. Determination of trace metals in different fish species and sediments from the River Yeşilirmak in Tokat, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010, 48:1383-1392.
62. Mohiuddin K.M., Zakir H.M., Otomo K., Sharmin S., Shikazono N. Geochemical distribution of trace metal pollutants in water and sediments of downstream of an urban river. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2010, 7:17-28.
63. Morillo J., Usero J., Gracia I. Heavy metal fractionation in sediments from the Tinto River (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2002, 82:245-257.
64. Müller G. Die Schwermetallbelstung der sedimente des Neckars und seiner Nebenflusse: eine Bestandsaufnahme. Chemiker-Zeitung 1981, 105:157-164.
65. Nouri J., Mahvi A.H., Jahed G.R., Babaei A.A. Regional distribution pattern of groundwater heavy metals resulting from agricultural activities. Environmental Geology 2008, 55:1337-1343.
66. Olivares-Rieumont S., de la Rosa D., Lima L., Graham D.W., D' Alessandro K., Borroto J., Martinez F., Sanchez J. Assessment of heavy metal levels in Almendares River sediments-Havana City, Cuba. Water Research 2005, 39:3945-3953.
67. Otto M. Multivariate methods. Analytical Chemistry 1998, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. R. Kellner, J.M. Mermet, M. Otto, H.M. Widmer (Eds.).
68. Owens P.N., Walling D.E. The phosphorus content of fluvial sediment in rural and industrialized rivers basins. Water Research 2002, 36:685-701.
69. Pekey H. The distribution and sources of heavy metals in Izmit Bay surface sediments affected by a polluted stream. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2006, 52:1197-1208.
70. Persaud D., Jaagumagi R., Hayton A. Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario. Water Resources Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto 1993.
71. Rath P., Panda U.C., Bhatta D., Sahu K.C. Use of sequential leaching, mineralogy, morphology and multivariate statistical technique for quantifying metal pollution in highly polluted aquatic sediments-a case study: Brahmani and Nandira Rivers, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 163:632-644.
72. Reza R., Singh G. Heavy metal contamination and its indexing approach for river water. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2010, 7:785-792.
73. Rifaat A.E. Major controls of metals' distribution in sediments off the Nile Delta, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 2005, 31:16-28.
74. Rubio B., Nombela M.A., Vilas F. Geochemistry of major and trace elements in sediments of the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain): an assessment of metal pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2000, 40(11):968-980.
75. Sakan S.M., Djordjevic D.S., Manojlovic D.D., Polic P.S. Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza River sediments. Journal of Environmental Management 2009, 90(11):3382-3390.
76. Salati S., Moore F. Assessment of heavy metal concentration in the Khoshk River water and sediment, Shiraz, Southwest Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2010, 164:677-689.
77. Salomons W., Förstner U. Metals in the Hydrocycle 1984, Springer, Berlin.
78. Shrestha S., Kazama F. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji River basin, Japan. Environmental Modelling and Software 2007, 22:464-475.
79. Simeonov V., Massart D.L., Andreev G., Tsakovski S. Assessment of metal pollution based on multivariate statistical modeling of hot spot sediments from the Black Sea. Chemosphere 2000, 41:1411-1417.
80. Sin S.N., Chua H., Lo W., Ng L.M. Assessment of heavy metal cations in sediments of Shing Mun River, Hong Kong. Environment International 2001, 26:297-301.
81. Singh K.P., Malik A., Sinha S., Singh V.K., Murthy R.C. Estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in sediments of Gomti River (India) using principal component analysis. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2005, 166:321-341.
82. Sinha D.K., Kumar N. Monitoring of trace metals in Gagan River water at Moradabad. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection 2006, 26:516-520.
83. Soares H.M.V.M., Boaventura R.A.R., Machado A.A.S.C., Esteves da Silva J.C.G. Sediments as monitors of heavy metal contamination in the Ave River basin (Portugal): multivariate analysis of data. Environmental Pollution 1999, 105:311-323.
84. Sundaray S.K., Nayak B.B., Lin S., Bhatta D. Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in the river estuarine sediments-a case study: Mahanadi basin, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011, 186:1837-1846.
85. Thornton J.A., McComb A.J., Ryding S.O. The role of sediments. Eutrophic Shallow Estuaries and Lagoons 1975, 205-223. CRC Press, Boca Raton. A.J. McComb (Ed.).
86. Tümen F., Bildik M., Baybay M., Cici M., Solmaz B. Pollution potential of solid wastes from Ergani Copper Plant. Doǧa Turkish Journal of Engineering and Science 1992, 16:43-55.
87. Turner R.E., Rabalais N.N., Justic D., Dortch Q. Global patterns of dissolved N, P and Si in large rivers. Biogeochemistry 2003, 64:297-317.
88. Ünlü E., Gümgüm B. Concentrations of copper and zinc in fish and sediments from the Tigris River in Turkey. Chemosphere 1993, 26:2055-2061.
89. USEPA National Recommended Water Quality Criteria 2006, United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology.
90. USEPA Method 3051a: Microwave Assisted Acid Dissolution of Sediments, Sludges, Soils, and Oils. Revision 1 2007, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
91. USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 2009, United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 816-F-09-004.
92. Varol M., Şen B. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of Behrimaz Stream, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2009, 159:543-553.
93. Varol M., Gökot B., Bekleyen A. Assessment of water pollution in the Tigris River in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Water Practice and Technology 2010, 5(1).
94. Varol, M., Gökot, B., Bekleyen, A., Şen, B., in press. Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources of Tigris River (Turkey) using multivariate statistical techniques - A case study. River Research and Applications. DOI:10.1002/rra.1533.
95. Voutsa D., Manoli E., Samara C., Sofoniou M., Stratis I. A study of surface water quality in Macedonia, Greece: speciation of nitrogen and phosphorus. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2001, 129:13-32.
96. Ward J. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1963, 58:236-244.
97. WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality 2004, World Health Organization, Geneva. 3rd edition.
98. Woitke P., Wellmitz J., Helm D., Kube P., Lepom P., Litheraty P. Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in suspended solids and sediments of the river Danube. Chemosphere 2003, 51:633-642.
99. Yang Z., Wang Y., Shen Z., Niu J., Tang Z. Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in sediments from the mainstream, tributaries, and lakes of the Yangtze River catchment ofWuhan, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 166:1186-1194.
100. Zhou J., Ma D., Pan J., Nie W., Wu K. Application of multivariate statistical approach to identify heavy metal sources in sediment and waters: a case study in Yangzhong, China. Environmental Geology 2008, 54:373-380.
101. Zhu D. Environmental issues of Three Gorges Project. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Hydropower 1997, 141-149. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam. E. Broch, D.K. Lysne, N. Flatabo, E. Helland-Hansen (Eds.).