메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 189-199

Calving rate, calf survival rate, and habitat selection of forest-dwelling caribou in a highly managed landscape

Author keywords

black bear; boreal forest; calf survival; calving; caribou; habitat selection; mortality; predation; Qu bec

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; AVOIDANCE REACTION; BOREAL FOREST; DEER; FOOD AVAILABILITY; HABITAT SELECTION; HABITAT TYPE; MORTALITY; PREDATION RISK; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); SURVIVAL; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84255161854     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: 19372817     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.217     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 33749571107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal co-occurrence of cougars (Felis concolor), wolves (Canis lupus) and their prey during winter: A comparison of two analytical methods
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01564.x
    • Alexander, S. M., T. B. Logan, and, P. C. Paquet., 2006. Spatio-temporal co-occurrence of cougars (Felis concolor), wolves (Canis lupus) and their prey during winter: a comparison of two analytical methods. Journal of Biogeography 33: 2001-2012. (Pubitemid 44536367)
    • (2006) Journal of Biogeography , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 2001-2012
    • Alexander, S.M.1    Logan, T.B.2    Paquet, P.C.3
  • 2
    • 77953753040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of wolves and high-elevation dispersion on reproductive success of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana)
    • Barnowe-Meyer, K. K., P. J. White, T. L. Davis, D. W. Smith, R. L. Crabtree, and, J. A. Byers., 2010. Influences of wolves and high-elevation dispersion on reproductive success of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Journal of Mammalogy 91: 712-721.
    • (2010) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.91 , pp. 712-721
    • Barnowe-Meyer, K.K.1    White, P.J.2    Davis, T.L.3    Smith, D.W.4    Crabtree, R.L.5    Byers, J.A.6
  • 3
    • 0035110393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat use by female caribou: Tradeoffs associated with parturition
    • Barten, N. L., R. T. Bowyer, and, K. J. Jenkins., 2001. Habitat use by female caribou: tradeoffs associated with parturition. Journal of Wildlife Management 65: 77-92. (Pubitemid 32165969)
    • (2001) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-92
    • Barten, N.L.1    Bowyer, R.T.2    Jenkins, K.J.3
  • 4
    • 84255169663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging strategies by omnivores: Are black bears actively searching for ungulate neonates or are they simply opportunistic predators?
    • Bastille-Rousseau, G., D. Fortin, C. Dussault, R. Courtois, and, J. P. Ouellet., 2010. Foraging strategies by omnivores: are black bears actively searching for ungulate neonates or are they simply opportunistic predators? Ecography 33: 175-184.
    • (2010) Ecography , vol.33 , pp. 175-184
    • Bastille-Rousseau, G.1    Fortin, D.2    Dussault, C.3    Courtois, R.4    Ouellet, J.P.5
  • 5
    • 0022846109 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia
    • Bergerud, A. T., and, J. P. Elliot., 1986. Dynamics of caribou and wolves in Northern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64: 1515-1529. (Pubitemid 17251728)
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.64 , Issue.7 , pp. 1515-1529
    • Bergerud, A.T.1    Elliot, J.P.2
  • 6
    • 0025262529 scopus 로고
    • Spring migration and dispersion of woodland caribou at calving
    • Bergerud, A. T., R. Ferguson, and, H. E. Butler., 1990. Spring migration and dispersion of woodland caribou at calving. Animal Behaviour 39: 360-368. (Pubitemid 20425550)
    • (1990) Animal Behaviour , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 360-368
    • Bergerud, A.T.1    Ferguson, R.2    Butler, H.E.3
  • 7
    • 0036638783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moose mortality in eastern interior Alaska
    • Bertram, M. R., and, M. T. Vivion., 2002. Moose mortality in eastern interior Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 66: 747-756. (Pubitemid 34915232)
    • (2002) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 747-756
    • Bertram, M.R.1    Vivion, M.T.2
  • 8
    • 0029660371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in moose, caribou, and wolves following wolf control in Alaska
    • Boertje, R. D., P. Valkenburg, and, M. E. McNay., 1996. Increases in moose, caribou, and wolves following wolf control in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 60: 474-489.
    • (1996) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.60 , pp. 474-489
    • Boertje, R.D.1    Valkenburg, P.2    McNay, M.E.3
  • 9
    • 54249166221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-predator behaviour, space use and habitat selection in female roe deer during the fawning season in a wolf area
    • Bongi, P., S. Ciuti, S. Grignolio, M. Delfrate, S. Simi, D. Gandelli, and, M. Apollonio., 2008. Anti-predator behaviour, space use and habitat selection in female roe deer during the fawning season in a wolf area. Journal of Zoology 276: 242-251.
    • (2008) Journal of Zoology , vol.276 , pp. 242-251
    • Bongi, P.1    Ciuti, S.2    Grignolio, S.3    Delfrate, M.4    Simi, S.5    Gandelli, D.6    Apollonio, M.7
  • 10
    • 77951749546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roads, logging, and the large-mammal community of an eastern Canadian boreal forest
    • Bowman, J., J. C. Ray, A. J. Magoun, D. S. Johnson, and, F. N. Dawson., 2010. Roads, logging, and the large-mammal community of an eastern Canadian boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 88: 454-467.
    • (2010) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.88 , pp. 454-467
    • Bowman, J.1    Ray, J.C.2    Magoun, A.J.3    Johnson, D.S.4    Dawson, F.N.5
  • 11
    • 0037202455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating resource selection functions
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00200-4, PII S0304380002002004
    • Boyce, M. S., P. R. Vernier, S. E. Nielsen, and, F. K. A. Schmiegelow., 2002. Evaluating resource selection functions. Ecological Modelling 157: 281-300. (Pubitemid 35255420)
    • (2002) Ecological Modelling , vol.157 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 281-300
    • Boyce, M.S.1    Vernier, P.R.2    Nielsen, S.E.3    Schmiegelow, F.K.A.4
  • 12
    • 55949132111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection by black bears in an intensively logged boreal forest
    • Brodeur, V., J. P. Ouellet, R. Courtois, and, D. Fortin., 2008. Habitat selection by black bears in an intensively logged boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86: 1307-1316.
    • (2008) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.86 , pp. 1307-1316
    • Brodeur, V.1    Ouellet, J.P.2    Courtois, R.3    Fortin, D.4
  • 13
    • 34248647287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the impacts of forest management on woodland caribou habitat suitability in black spruce boreal forest
    • DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.016, PII S0378112707003337
    • Brown, G. S., W. J. Rettie, R. J. Brooks, and, F. F. Mallory., 2007. Predicting the impacts of forest management on woodland caribou habitat suitability in black spruce boreal forest. Forest Ecology and Management 245: 137-147. (Pubitemid 46771020)
    • (2007) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.245 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 137-147
    • Brown, G.S.1    Rettie, W.J.2    Brooks, R.J.3    Mallory, F.F.4
  • 15
    • 84255190715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caribou nursery site habitat characteristics in two northern Ontario parks
    • Carr, N. L., A. R. Rodgers, and, S. C. Walshe., 2007. Caribou nursery site habitat characteristics in two northern Ontario parks. Rangifer Special Issue No. 17: 167-179.
    • (2007) Rangifer , Issue.17 , pp. 167-179
    • Carr, N.L.1    Rodgers, A.R.2    Walshe, S.C.3
  • 17
    • 76349098224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape management for woodland caribou: The protection of forest blocks influences wolf-caribou co-occurrence
    • Courbin, N., D. Fortin, C. Dussault, and, R. Courtois., 2009. Landscape management for woodland caribou: the protection of forest blocks influences wolf-caribou co-occurrence. Landscape Ecology 24: 1375-1388.
    • (2009) Landscape Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 1375-1388
    • Courbin, N.1    Fortin, D.2    Dussault, C.3    Courtois, R.4
  • 19
    • 38649119796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest disturbance on density, space use, and mortality of woodland caribou
    • DOI 10.2980/1195-6860(2007)14[491:EOFDOD]2.0.CO;2
    • Courtois, R., J. P. Ouellet, L. Breton, A. Gingras, and, C. Dussault., 2007. Effects of forest disturbance on density, space use, and mortality of woodland caribou. Ecoscience 14: 491-498. (Pubitemid 351166694)
    • (2007) Ecoscience , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 491-498
    • Courtois, R.1    Ouellet, J.-P.2    Breton, L.3    Gingras, A.4    Dussault, C.5
  • 20
    • 0000336139 scopus 로고
    • Regression models and life tables (with discussion)
    • Cox, D. R., 1972. Regression models and life tables (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 34: 187-220.
    • (1972) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B , vol.34 , pp. 187-220
    • Cox, D.R.1
  • 21
    • 41149105912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference methods for the conditional logistic regression model with longitudinal data
    • Craiu, R. V., T. Duchesne, and, D. Fortin., 2008. Inference methods for the conditional logistic regression model with longitudinal data. Biometrical Journal 50: 97-109.
    • (2008) Biometrical Journal , vol.50 , pp. 97-109
    • Craiu, R.V.1    Duchesne, T.2    Fortin, D.3
  • 22
    • 0025596716 scopus 로고
    • Biomasse et espces de lichens terrestres disponibles pour le caribou dans le nord du Québec
    • [In French.]
    • Crête, M., C. Morneau, and, R. Nault., 1990a. Biomasse et espces de lichens terrestres disponibles pour le caribou dans le nord du Québec. Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 2047-2053. [In French.]
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.68 , pp. 2047-2053
    • Crête, M.1    Morneau, C.2    Nault, R.3
  • 24
    • 33847408968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the influence of topographic position on cougar (Puma concolor) movement in southern California, USA
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00215.x
    • Dickson, B. G., and, P. Beier., 2007. Quantifying the influence of topographic position on cougar (Puma concolor) movement in Southern California, USA. Journal of Zoology 271: 270-277. (Pubitemid 46333325)
    • (2007) Journal of Zoology , vol.271 , Issue.3 , pp. 270-277
    • Dickson, B.G.1    Beier, P.2
  • 25
    • 0036313560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying barrier effects of roads and seismic lines on movements of female woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta
    • DOI 10.1139/z02-060
    • Dyer, S. J., J. P. O'Neill, S. M. Wasel, and, S. Boutin., 2002. Quantifying barrier effects of roads and seismic lines on movements of female woodland caribou in Northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80: 839-845. (Pubitemid 34749734)
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 839-845
    • Dyer, S.J.1    O'Neill, J.P.2    Wasel, S.M.3    Boutin, S.4
  • 29
    • 39149091346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black bear movements and habitat use during a critical period for moose calves
    • Garneau, D. E., T. Boudreau, M. Keech, and, E. Post., 2008. Black bear movements and habitat use during a critical period for moose calves. Mammalian Biology 73: 85-92.
    • (2008) Mammalian Biology , vol.73 , pp. 85-92
    • Garneau, D.E.1    Boudreau, T.2    Keech, M.3    Post, E.4
  • 30
    • 1342330862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression
    • Graham, M. H., 2003. Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression. Ecology 84: 2809-2815. (Pubitemid 38261430)
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , Issue.11 , pp. 2809-2815
    • Graham, M.H.1
  • 31
    • 49249089004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the seasonal selection of resources by woodland caribou in Northern British Columbia
    • Gustine, D. D., and, K. L. Parker., 2008. Variation in the seasonal selection of resources by woodland caribou in Northern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86: 812-825.
    • (2008) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.86 , pp. 812-825
    • Gustine, D.D.1    Parker, K.L.2
  • 33
    • 33846783252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting resource selection at different scales for woodland caribou in winter
    • DOI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1601:IRSADS]2.0.CO;2
    • Gustine, D. D., K. L. Parker, R. J. Lay, M. P. Gillingham, and, D. C. Heard., 2006b. Interpreting resource selection at different scales for woodland caribou in winter. Journal of Wildlife Management 70: 1601-1614. (Pubitemid 46214496)
    • (2006) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 1601-1614
    • Gustine, D.D.1    Parker, K.L.2    Lay, R.J.3    Gillingham, M.P.4    Heard, D.C.5
  • 35
    • 0003508724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second edition. A Wiley-Intersciences Publication, New York, New York, USA
    • Hosmer, D. W., and, S. Lemeshow., 2000. Applied logistic regression. Second edition. A Wiley-Intersciences Publication, New York, New York, USA.
    • (2000) Applied Logistic Regression
    • Hosmer, D.W.1    Lemeshow, S.2
  • 36
    • 77952892324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of forestry on habitat use by gray wolf (Canis lupus) in the boreal forest
    • Houle, M., D. Fortin, C. Dussault, R. Courtois, and, J. P. Ouellet., 2009. Cumulative effects of forestry on habitat use by gray wolf (Canis lupus) in the boreal forest. Landscape Ecology 25: 419-433.
    • (2009) Landscape Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 419-433
    • Houle, M.1    Fortin, D.2    Dussault, C.3    Courtois, R.4    Ouellet, J.P.5
  • 37
    • 0033977947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of caribou and wolves in relation to linear corridors
    • James, A. R. C., and, A. K. Stuart-Smith., 2000. Distribution of caribou and wolves in relation to linear corridors. Journal of Wildlife Management 64: 154-159. (Pubitemid 30057487)
    • (2000) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-159
    • James, A.R.C.1    Stuart-Smith, A.K.2
  • 38
    • 0003065196 scopus 로고
    • The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference
    • Johnson, D. H., 1980. The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference. Ecology 61: 65-71.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 65-71
    • Johnson, D.H.1
  • 39
    • 0035005152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging across a variable landscape: Behavioral decisions made by woodland caribou at multiple spatial scales
    • DOI 10.1007/s004420000573
    • Johnson, C. J., K. L. Parker, and, D. C. Heard., 2001. Foraging across a variable landscape: behavioral decisions made by woodland caribou at multiple spatial scales. Oecologia 127: 590-602. (Pubitemid 32526392)
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , Issue.4 , pp. 590-602
    • Johnson, C.J.1    Parker, K.L.2    Heard, D.C.3
  • 41
    • 0034014373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat factors affecting vulnerability of moose to predation by wolves in southeastern British Columbia
    • Kunkel, K. E., and, D. H. Pletscher., 2000. Habitat factors affecting vulnerability of moose to predation by wolves in Southeastern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 150-157. (Pubitemid 30236680)
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 150-157
    • Kunkel, K.E.1    Pletscher, D.H.2
  • 42
    • 0034932173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter hunting patterns of wolves in and near glacier National Park, Montana
    • Kunkel, K., and, D. H. Pletscher., 2001. Winter hunting patterns of wolves in and near glacier national Park. Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 65: 520-530. (Pubitemid 32632448)
    • (2001) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 520-530
    • Kunkel, K.1    Pletscher, D.H.2
  • 44
    • 58549088268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministre des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, Direction du développement de la faune, Québec. Québec, Canada. [In French.]
    • Lamontagne, G. H., H. Jolicoeur, and, S. Lefort., 2006. Plan de gestion de l'ours noir, 2006-2013. Ministre des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, Direction du développement de la faune, Québec. Québec, Canada. [In French.]
    • (2006) Plan de Gestion de l'Ours Noir, 2006-2013
    • Lamontagne, G.H.1    Jolicoeur, H.2    Lefort, S.3
  • 45
    • 84855643939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary assessment of habitat characteristics of woodland caribou calving areas in the Claybelt region of Québec and Ontario, Canada
    • Lantin, E., P. Drapeau, M. Paré, and, Y. Bergeron., 2003. Preliminary assessment of habitat characteristics of woodland caribou calving areas in the Claybelt region of Québec and Ontario, Canada. Rangifer Special Issue No. 14: 247-254.
    • (2003) Rangifer , Issue.14 , pp. 247-254
    • Lantin, E.1    Drapeau, P.2    Paré, M.3    Bergeron, Y.4
  • 47
    • 0034095817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive harvesting on moose reproduction
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00520.x
    • Laurian, C., J. P. Ouellet, R. Courtois, L. Breton, and, S. St-Onge., 2000. Effects of intensive harvesting on moose reproduction. Journal of Applied Ecology 37: 515-531. (Pubitemid 30411004)
    • (2000) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 515-531
    • Laurian, C.1    Ouellet, J.-P.2    Courtois, R.3    Breton, L.4    St-Onge, S.5
  • 48
    • 0002438998 scopus 로고
    • Mother-infant relationships in ungulates
    • Pages in V. Geist and F. Walther, editors. Morges, Switzerland
    • Lent, P. C., 1974. Mother-infant relationships in ungulates. Pages 14-55 in, V. Geist, and, F. Walther, editors. The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. Morges, Switzerland.
    • (1974) The Behaviour of Ungulates and Its Relation to Management , pp. 14-55
    • Lent, P.C.1
  • 49
    • 0029173882 scopus 로고
    • Who killed Bambi? The role of predation in the neonatal mortality of temperate ungulates
    • Linnell, J. D. C., R. Aanes, and, R. Andersen., 1995. Who killed bambi? The role of predation in the neonatal mortality of temperate ungulates. Wildlife Biology 1: 209-223. (Pubitemid 2620418)
    • (1995) Wildlife Biology , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 209-223
    • Linnell, J.D.1    Aanes, R.2    Andersen, R.3
  • 52
    • 27644586648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relating predation mortality to broad-scale habitat selection
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00967.x
    • McLoughlin, P. D., J. S. Dunford, and, S. Boutin., 2005. Relating predation mortality to broad-scale habitat selection. Journal of Animal Ecology 74: 701-707. (Pubitemid 41576938)
    • (2005) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.74 , Issue.4 , pp. 701-707
    • McLoughlin, P.D.1    Dunford, J.S.2    Boutin, S.3
  • 53
    • 0028176254 scopus 로고
    • Ungulate population models with predation: A case study with the North American moose
    • Messier, F., 1994. Ungulate population models with predation: a case study with the North American moose. Ecology 75: 478-488.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 478-488
    • Messier, F.1
  • 54
    • 0013653339 scopus 로고
    • Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations
    • Messier, F., and, M. Crête., 1985. Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations. Oecologia 65: 503-512.
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.65 , pp. 503-512
    • Messier, F.1    Crête, M.2
  • 55
    • 0000290769 scopus 로고
    • Table of equivalent populations of North American small mammals
    • Mohr, C. O., 1947. Table of equivalent populations of North American small mammals. American Midland Naturalist 37: 223-249.
    • (1947) American Midland Naturalist , vol.37 , pp. 223-249
    • Mohr, C.O.1
  • 56
    • 58149239934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black bear adaptation to low productivity in the boreal forest
    • Mosnier, A., J. P. Ouellet, and, R. Courtois., 2008. Black bear adaptation to low productivity in the boreal forest. Ecoscience 15: 485-497.
    • (2008) Ecoscience , vol.15 , pp. 485-497
    • Mosnier, A.1    Ouellet, J.P.2    Courtois, R.3
  • 57
    • 0344496206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection and home-range dynamics of the Gaspé caribou: A hierarchical analysis
    • DOI 10.1139/z03-065
    • Mosnier, A., J. P. Ouellet, L. Sirois, and, N. Fournier., 2003. Habitat selection and home-range dynamics of the Gaspé caribou: a hierarchical analysis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81: 1174-1184. (Pubitemid 37481495)
    • (2003) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.81 , Issue.7 , pp. 1174-1184
    • Mosnier, A.1    Ouellet, J.-P.2    Sirois, L.3    Fournier, N.4
  • 58
    • 0001051683 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the vegetative structure of wildlife cover
    • Nudds, T. D., 1977. Quantifying the vegetative structure of wildlife cover. Wildlife Society Bulletin 5: 113-117.
    • (1977) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.5 , pp. 113-117
    • Nudds, T.D.1
  • 60
    • 33847644569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moose calving strategies in interior montane ecosystems
    • DOI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-127R1.1
    • Poole, K. G., R. Serrouya, and, K. Stuart-Smith., 2007. Moose calving strategies in interior montane ecosystems. Journal of Mammalogy 88: 139-150. (Pubitemid 46363956)
    • (2007) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-150
    • Poole, K.G.1    Serrouya, R.2    Stuart-Smith, K.3
  • 61
    • 19744368748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of beaver, moose, and snowshoe hare to clear-cutting in a Quebec boreal forest: A reassessment 10 years after cut
    • DOI 10.1139/x04-151
    • Potvin, F., L. Breton, and, R. Courtois., 2005. Response of beaver, moose, and snowshoe hare to clear-cutting in a Québec boreal forest: a reassessment 10 years after cut. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 151-160. (Pubitemid 40743202)
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 151-160
    • Potvin, F.1    Breton, L.2    Courtois, R.3
  • 62
    • 0031827286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of woodland caribou populations at the southern limit of their range in Saskatchewan
    • Rettie, W. J., and, F. Messier., 1998. Dynamics of woodland caribou populations at the southern limit of their range in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 251-259. (Pubitemid 28320182)
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-259
    • Rettie, W.J.1    Messier, F.2
  • 63
    • 0033862597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical habitat selection by woodland caribou: Its relationship to limiting factors
    • Rettie, W. J., and, F. Messier., 2000. Hierarchical habitat selection by woodland caribou: its relationship to limiting factors. Ecography 23: 466-478.
    • (2000) Ecography , vol.23 , pp. 466-478
    • Rettie, W.J.1    Messier, F.2
  • 64
    • 0035720090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range use and movement rates of woodland caribou in Saskatchewan
    • DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-11-1933
    • Rettie, W. J., and, F. Messier., 2001. Range use and movement rates of woodland caribou in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 1933-1940. (Pubitemid 34190604)
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.79 , Issue.11 , pp. 1933-1940
    • Rettie, W.J.1    Messier, F.2
  • 65
    • 0031826604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of early pregnancy in Caribou: Evidence for embryonic mortality
    • Russell, D. E., K. L. Gerhart, R. G. White, and, D. Van Der Wetering., 1998. Detection of early pregnancy in caribou: evidence for embryonic mortality. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 1066-1075. (Pubitemid 28348880)
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 1066-1075
    • Russell, D.E.1    Gerhart, K.L.2    White, R.G.3    Van De Wetering, D.4
  • 66
    • 0141907871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term range recession and the persistence of caribou in the Taiga
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02288.x
    • Schaefer, J. A., 2003. Long-term range recession and the persistence of caribou in the taiga. Conservation Biology 17: 1435-1439. (Pubitemid 37250081)
    • (2003) Conservation Biology , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 1435-1439
    • Schaefer, J.A.1
  • 67
    • 34548825319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of progressive clearcut logging on Newfoundland caribou
    • Schaefer, J. A., and, S. P. Mahoney., 2007. Effects of progressive clearcut logging on Newfoundland caribou. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 1753-1757.
    • (2007) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.71 , pp. 1753-1757
    • Schaefer, J.A.1    Mahoney, S.P.2
  • 68
    • 0027064320 scopus 로고
    • Factors limiting woodland caribou populations and their interrelationships with wolves and moose in southeastern British Columbia
    • Seip, D. R., 1992. Factors limiting woodland caribou populations and their interrelationships with wolves and moose in southeastern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 1494-1503. (Pubitemid 23398936)
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.70 , Issue.8 , pp. 1494-1503
    • Seip, D.R.1
  • 69
    • 48249111946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of wolves to corridor restoration and human use management
    • Accessed 12 June 2010
    • Shepherd, B., and, J. Whittington., 2006. Response of wolves to corridor restoration and human use management. Ecology and Society 11: 1. <>. Accessed 12 June 2010.
    • (2006) Ecology and Society , vol.11 , pp. 1
    • Shepherd, B.1    Whittington, J.2
  • 70
    • 77954635417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saiga antelope calving site selection is increasingly driven by human disturbance
    • Singh, N. J., I. A. Grachez, A. B. Bekenov, and, E. J. Milner-Gulland., 2010. Saiga antelope calving site selection is increasingly driven by human disturbance. Biological Conservation 143: 1770-1779.
    • (2010) Biological Conservation , vol.143 , pp. 1770-1779
    • Singh, N.J.1    Grachez, I.A.2    Bekenov, A.B.3    Milner-Gulland, E.J.4
  • 71
    • 43049116137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus
    • DOI 10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[1:SHPOGR]2.0.CO;2
    • Skarin, A., O. Danell, R. Bergström, and, J. Moen., 2008. Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus. Wildlife Biology 14: 1-15. (Pubitemid 351631506)
    • (2008) Wildlife Biology , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Skarin, A.1    Danell, O.2    Bergstrom, R.3    Moen, J.4
  • 73
    • 0032694880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of white-tailed deer fawn beds, Black Hills, South Dakota
    • Uresk, D. W., T. A. Benzon, K. E. Severson, and, L. Benkobi., 1999. Characteristics of white-tailed deer fawn beds, Black Hills, South Dakota. Great Basin Naturalist 59: 348-354. (Pubitemid 29524120)
    • (1999) Great Basin Naturalist , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 348-354
    • Uresk, D.W.1    Benzon, T.A.2    Severson, K.E.3    Benkobi, L.4
  • 74
    • 0034777936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoidance of cabins, roads, and power lines by reindeer during calving
    • Vistnes, I., and, C. Nellemann., 2001. Avoidance of cabins, roads, and power lines by reindeer during calving. Journal of Wildlife Management 65: 915-925. (Pubitemid 32996649)
    • (2001) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 915-925
    • Vistnes, I.1    Nellemann, C.2
  • 75
    • 38949135526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The matter of spatial and temporal scales: A review of reindeer and caribou response to human activity
    • DOI 10.1007/s00300-007-0377-9
    • Vistnes, I., and, C. Nellemann., 2008. The matter of spatial and temporal scales: a review of reindeer and caribou response to human activity. Polar Biology 31: 399-407. (Pubitemid 351222418)
    • (2008) Polar Biology , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-407
    • Vistnes, I.1    Nellemann, C.2
  • 77
    • 22744433008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia, Canada
    • DOI 10.1139/z05-034
    • Wittmer, H. U., B. N. McLellan, D. R. Seip, J. A. Young, T. A. Kinley, G. S. Watts, and, D. Hamilton., 2005b. Population dynamics of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83: 407-418. (Pubitemid 41026496)
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-418
    • Wittmer, H.U.1    McLellan, B.N.2    Seip, D.R.3    Young, J.A.4    Kinley, T.A.5    Watts, G.S.6    Hamilton, D.7
  • 78
    • 34247219272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in landscape composition influence the decline of a threatened woodland caribou population
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01220.x
    • Wittmer, H. U., B. N. McLellan, R. Serrouya, and, C. D. Apps., 2007. Changes in landscape composition influence the decline of a threatened woodland caribou population. Journal of Animal Ecology 76: 568-579. (Pubitemid 46606831)
    • (2007) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 568-579
    • Wittmer, H.U.1    McLellan, B.N.2    Serrouya, R.3    Apps, C.D.4
  • 79
    • 23844482485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of predation in the decline and extirpation of woodland caribou
    • DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0055-y
    • Wittmer, H. U., A. R. E. Sinclair, and, B. N. McLellan., 2005a. The role of predation in the decline and extirpation of woodland caribou. Oecologia 144: 257-267. (Pubitemid 41168300)
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.144 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-267
    • Wittmer, H.U.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2    McLellan, B.N.3
  • 80
    • 33750938824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of American black bears and brown bears as predators on ungulates in North America
    • Zager, P., and, J. Beecham., 2006. The role of American black bears and brown bears as predators on ungulates in North America. Ursus 17: 95-108. (Pubitemid 44736036)
    • (2006) Ursus , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-108
    • Zager, P.1    Beecham, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.