메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 107-129

Protective factors for youth exposed to violence: Role of developmental assets in building emotional resilience

Author keywords

developmental assets; mental health; protective factors; resilience; violence prevention

Indexed keywords


EID: 84155178184     PISSN: 15412040     EISSN: 15569330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1541204011424735     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (65)

References (99)
  • 7
    • 0000197561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the "village" rhetoric: Creating healthy communities for children and adolescents
    • Benson P. L.,Leffert N.,Scales P.,Blyth D.Beyond the "village" rhetoric: Creating healthy communities for children and adolescents.Applied Developmental Science. 1998;2:138-159.
    • (1998) Applied Developmental Science , vol.2 , pp. 138-159
    • Benson, P.L.1    Leffert, N.2    Scales, P.3    Blyth, D.4
  • 8
    • 0030305626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poverty, neighborhood danger, social support, and the individual adaptation among at-risk youth in urban areas
    • Bowen G. L.,Chapman M. V.Poverty, neighborhood danger, social support, and the individual adaptation among at-risk youth in urban areas.Journal of Family Issues. 1996;17:641-666.
    • (1996) Journal of Family Issues , vol.17 , pp. 641-666
    • Bowen, G.L.1    Chapman, M.V.2
  • 9
    • 34547272011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth
    • Brennan R. T.,Molnar B. E.,Earls F.Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth.Journal of Community Psychology. 2007;35:603-618.
    • (2007) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 603-618
    • Brennan, R.T.1    Molnar, B.E.2    Earls, F.3
  • 11
    • 0000611256 scopus 로고
    • Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change
    • Bryk A. S.,Raudenbush S. W.Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change.Psychological Bulletin. 1987;101:147-158.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 147-158
    • Bryk, A.S.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0027255799 scopus 로고
    • Toward an ecological/ transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children's development
    • Cicchetti D.,Lynch M.Toward an ecological/ transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children's development.Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes. 1993;56:96-118.
    • (1993) Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes , vol.56 , pp. 96-118
    • Cicchetti, D.1    Lynch, M.2
  • 17
    • 0037537460 scopus 로고
    • How do urban communities affect youth? Using social science research to inform the design and evaluation of comprehensive community initiatives
    • In J. P. Connell, A. C. Kubish, L. B. Schorr,& C. H. Weiss (Eds.), Washington, DC: Aspen Institute
    • Connell, J. P.,& Aber, J. L. (1995). How do urban communities affect youth? Using social science research to inform the design and evaluation of comprehensive community initiatives. In J. P. Connell, A. C. Kubish, L. B. Schorr,& C. H. Weiss (Eds.), New approaches to evaluating community initiatives: Concepts, methods, and context (pp. 93-125). Washington, DC: Aspen Institute.
    • (1995) New approaches to evaluating community initiatives: Concepts, methods, and context , pp. 93-125
    • Connell, J.P.1    Aber, J.L.2
  • 19
    • 0034345208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friendships in childhood and adolescence: The life course and new directions
    • Crosnoe R.Friendships in childhood and adolescence: The life course and new directions.Social Psychology Quarterly. 2000;63:377-391.
    • (2000) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.63 , pp. 377-391
    • Crosnoe, R.1
  • 20
    • 21444437269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving children's chances: Developmental theory and effective interventions in community contexts
    • In D. Donald, A. Dawes,& J. Louw (Eds.), Cape Town, South Africa: David Philip
    • Dawes, A.,& Donald, D. (2000). Improving children's chances: Developmental theory and effective interventions in community contexts. In D. Donald, A. Dawes,& J. Louw (Eds.), Addressing childhood adversity (pp. 1-25). Cape Town, South Africa: David Philip.
    • (2000) Addressing childhood adversity , pp. 1-25
    • Dawes, A.1    Donald, D.2
  • 28
    • 0000931753 scopus 로고
    • Stress-resistant children: the search for protective factors
    • In Davids A. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press
    • Garmezy, N. (1985). Stress-resistant children: the search for protective factors. In Davids A. Elmsford, recent research in Developmental psychopathology (pp. 213-233). NY: Pergamon Press.
    • (1985) Recent research in Developmental psychopathology , pp. 213-233
    • Garmezy, N.1
  • 29
    • 0036596626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing their likelihood for a positive future: Focus groups reveal the voice of inner-city youth
    • Ginburg K. R.,Alexander P. M,Hunt J.,Sullivan M.,Cnaan A.Enhancing their likelihood for a positive future: Focus groups reveal the voice of inner-city youth.Pediatrics. 2002;109:e95.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109
    • Ginburg, K.R.1    Alexander, P.M.2    Hunt, J.3    Sullivan, M.4    Cnaan, A.5
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0032324931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and consequences of exposure to violence among African-American youth
    • Gorman-Smith D.,Tolan P.The prevalence and consequences of exposure to violence among African-American youth.Development and Psychopathology. 1998;10:101-116.
    • (1998) Development and Psychopathology , vol.10 , pp. 101-116
    • Gorman-Smith, D.1    Tolan, P.2
  • 33
    • 0034377303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental-ecological model of the relation of family functioning to patterns of delinquency
    • Gorman-Smith D.,Tolan P. H.,Henry D. B.A developmental-ecological model of the relation of family functioning to patterns of delinquency.Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 2000;16:169-198.
    • (2000) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.16 , pp. 169-198
    • Gorman-Smith, D.1    Tolan, P.H.2    Henry, D.B.3
  • 35
    • 0037441919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of correlated data using generalized estimating equations: An orientation
    • Hanley J. A.,Negassa A.,Edwardes M. D.,Forrester J. E.Statistical analysis of correlated data using generalized estimating equations: An orientation.American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003;157:364-375.
    • (2003) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.157 , pp. 364-375
    • Hanley, J.A.1    Negassa, A.2    Edwardes, M.D.3    Forrester, J.E.4
  • 37
    • 77956232930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood predictors of dating violence victimization and perpetration in young adulthood: A multi-level study
    • Jain S.,Buka S. L.,Subramanian S. V.,Molnar B. E.Neighborhood predictors of dating violence victimization and perpetration in young adulthood: A multi-level study.American Journal of Public Health. 2010;100 (9): 1737-1744.
    • (2010) American Journal of Public Health , vol.100 , Issue.9 , pp. 1737-1744
    • Jain, S.1    Buka, S.L.2    Subramanian, S.V.3    Molnar, B.E.4
  • 39
    • 4444344973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence exposure and adjustment in inner-city youth: Child and caregiver emotion regulation skills, caregiver-child relationship quality, and neighborhood cohesion as protective factors
    • Kliewer W.,Cunningham J. N.,Diehl R.,Walker J. M.,Atiyeh C.,Neace B.,Mejia R.Violence exposure and adjustment in inner-city youth: Child and caregiver emotion regulation skills, caregiver-child relationship quality, and neighborhood cohesion as protective factors.Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2004;33:477-487.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 477-487
    • Kliewer, W.1    Cunningham, J.N.2    Diehl, R.3    Walker, J.M.4    Atiyeh, C.5    Neace, B.6    Mejia, R.7
  • 41
    • 0035511005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parents as moderators of psychological and physiological correlates of inner-city children's exposure to violence
    • Krenichyn K.,Saegert S.,Evans G. W.Parents as moderators of psychological and physiological correlates of inner-city children's exposure to violence.Applied Developmental Psychology. 2001;22:581-602.
    • (2001) Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 581-602
    • Krenichyn, K.1    Saegert, S.2    Evans, G.W.3
  • 42
    • 0032354168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Victimization by community violence in young adolescents from a suburban city
    • Kuther T. L.,Fisher C. B.Victimization by community violence in young adolescents from a suburban city.Journal of Early Adolescence. 1998;18:53-76.
    • (1998) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.18 , pp. 53-76
    • Kuther, T.L.1    Fisher, C.B.2
  • 43
    • 33644838188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing behaviors: Factors underlying resilience in physically abused children
    • Lansford J. E.,Malone P. S.,Stevens K. I.,Dodge K. A.,Bates J. E.,Pettit G. S.Developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing behaviors: Factors underlying resilience in physically abused children.Development and Psychopathology. 2006;18:35-55.
    • (2006) Development and Psychopathology , vol.18 , pp. 35-55
    • Lansford, J.E.1    Malone, P.S.2    Stevens, K.I.3    Dodge, K.A.4    Bates, J.E.5    Pettit, G.S.6
  • 44
    • 85043956798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a psychology of positive youth development
    • Larson R. W.Toward a psychology of positive youth development.American Psychologist. 2000;55:170-183.
    • (2000) American Psychologist , vol.55 , pp. 170-183
    • Larson, R.W.1
  • 46
    • 0031601204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent development: Challenges and opportunities for research, programs, and policies
    • Lerner R. M.,Galambos N. L.Adolescent development: Challenges and opportunities for research, programs, and policies.Annual Review of Psychology. 1998;49:413-446.
    • (1998) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 413-446
    • Lerner, R.M.1    Galambos, N.L.2
  • 48
    • 0034150253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes
    • Leventhal T.,Brooks-Gunn J.The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes.Psychological Bulletin. 2000;126:309-337.
    • (2000) Psychological Bulletin , vol.126 , pp. 309-337
    • Leventhal, T.1    Brooks-Gunn, J.2
  • 49
    • 77649173768 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
    • Liang K. Y.,Zeger S. L.Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models.Biometrika. 1986;73:13-22.
    • (1986) Biometrika , vol.73 , pp. 13-22
    • Liang, K.Y.1    Zeger, S.L.2
  • 50
    • 0027166689 scopus 로고
    • Annotation: Methodological and conceptual issues in the study of resilience
    • Luthar S. S.Annotation: Methodological and conceptual issues in the study of resilience.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1993;34:441-453.
    • (1993) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 441-453
    • Luthar, S.S.1
  • 51
    • 0034180852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work
    • Luthar S. S.,Cicchetti D.,Becker B.The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work.Child Development. 2000;71:543-562.
    • (2000) Child Development , vol.71 , pp. 543-562
    • Luthar, S.S.1    Cicchetti, D.2    Becker, B.3
  • 52
    • 4444293072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's exposure to community violence: Implications for understanding risk and resilience
    • Luthar S. S.,Goldstein A.Children's exposure to community violence: Implications for understanding risk and resilience.Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2004;33:499-505.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 499-505
    • Luthar, S.S.1    Goldstein, A.2
  • 55
    • 0032013735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological-transactional analysis of children and contexts: The longitudinal interplay among child maltreatment, community violence, and children's symptomatology
    • Lynch M.,Cicchetti D.An ecological-transactional analysis of children and contexts: The longitudinal interplay among child maltreatment, community violence, and children's symptomatology.Development and Psychopathology. 1998;10:235-257.
    • (1998) Development and Psychopathology , vol.10 , pp. 235-257
    • Lynch, M.1    Cicchetti, D.2
  • 56
    • 0036731331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Links between community violence and the family system: Evidence from children's feelings of relatedness and perceptions of parent behavior
    • Lynch M.,Cicchetti D.Links between community violence and the family system: Evidence from children's feelings of relatedness and perceptions of parent behavior.Family Process. 2002;41:519-532.
    • (2002) Family Process , vol.41 , pp. 519-532
    • Lynch, M.1    Cicchetti, D.2
  • 57
    • 84961969789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development
    • Masten A. S.Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development.American Psychologist. 2001;56:227-238.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 227-238
    • Masten, A.S.1
  • 58
    • 0034417695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children and adolescents exposed to community violence: A mental health perspective for school psychologists
    • Mazza J. J.,Overstreet S.Children and adolescents exposed to community violence: A mental health perspective for school psychologists.School Psychology Review. 2000;29:86-101.
    • (2000) School Psychology Review , vol.29 , pp. 86-101
    • Mazza, J.J.1    Overstreet, S.2
  • 59
    • 0000178983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High school extracurricular activities: Closed structures and stratifying patterns of participation
    • McNeal R.High school extracurricular activities: Closed structures and stratifying patterns of participation.Journal of Educational Research. 1998;91:183-191.
    • (1998) Journal of Educational Research , vol.91 , pp. 183-191
    • McNeal, R.1
  • 60
    • 44849092539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of neighborhood resources on aggressive and delinquent behaviors among urban youths
    • Molnar B. E.,Cerda M.,Roberts A. L.,Buka S. L.Effects of neighborhood resources on aggressive and delinquent behaviors among urban youths.American Journal of Public Health. 2008;98:1086-1093.
    • (2008) American Journal of Public Health , vol.98 , pp. 1086-1093
    • Molnar, B.E.1    Cerda, M.2    Roberts, A.L.3    Buka, S.L.4
  • 61
    • 3042738393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood predictors of concealed firearm carrying: Results from the project on human development in Chicago neighborhoods
    • Molnar B. E.,Miller M.,Azrael D.,Buka S. L.Neighborhood predictors of concealed firearm carrying: Results from the project on human development in Chicago neighborhoods.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2004;158:657-664.
    • (2004) Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , vol.158 , pp. 657-664
    • Molnar, B.E.1    Miller, M.2    Azrael, D.3    Buka, S.L.4
  • 63
    • 0036654839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional resilience in urban children exposed to community violence
    • O'Donnell D. A.,Schwab-Stone M. E.,Muyeed A. Z.Multidimensional resilience in urban children exposed to community violence.Child Development. 2002;73:1265-1282.
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1265-1282
    • O'Donnell, D.A.1    Schwab-Stone, M.E.2    Muyeed, A.Z.3
  • 64
    • 0029372949 scopus 로고
    • The effects of violence exposure on young children
    • Osofsky J. D.The effects of violence exposure on young children.American sychologist. 1995;50:782-788.
    • (1995) American Sychologist , vol.50 , pp. 782-788
    • Osofsky, J.D.1
  • 65
    • 0033261730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary examination of the relationship between exposure to community violence and academic functioning
    • Overstreet S.,Braun S.A preliminary examination of the relationship between exposure to community violence and academic functioning.School Psychology Quarterly. 1999;14:380-396.
    • (1999) School Psychology Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 380-396
    • Overstreet, S.1    Braun, S.2
  • 66
    • 4444381816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban adolescents' exposure to community violence: The role of support, school safety, and social constraints in a school-based sample of boys and girls
    • Ozer E. J.,Weinstein R. S.Urban adolescents' exposure to community violence: The role of support, school safety, and social constraints in a school-based sample of boys and girls.Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2004;33:463-376.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 376-463
    • Ozer, E.J.1    Weinstein, R.S.2
  • 68
    • 85047688535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development and psychometric properties of a measure of social and adaptive functioning for children and adolescents
    • Price C. S.,Spence S. H.,Sheffield J.,Donovan C.The development and psychometric properties of a measure of social and adaptive functioning for children and adolescents.Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2002;31:111-122.
    • (2002) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 111-122
    • Price, C.S.1    Spence, S.H.2    Sheffield, J.3    Donovan, C.4
  • 69
    • 0035404246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assets as predictors of suicide attempts in African American inner-city youths
    • Price J. H.,Dake J. A.,Ruthie K.Assets as predictors of suicide attempts in African American inner-city youths.American Journal of Health Behavior. 2001;25:367-375.
    • (2001) American Journal of Health Behavior , vol.25 , pp. 367-375
    • Price, J.H.1    Dake, J.A.2    Ruthie, K.3
  • 70
    • 84155190566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental Epidemiology Research Unit, Harvard School of Public Health
    • Developmental Epidemiology Research Unit, Harvard School of Public Health.Wave One Manual. 1998;:.
    • (1998) Wave One Manual
  • 73
    • 84971947650 scopus 로고
    • Violent communities, family choices, and children's chances: An algorithm for improving the odds
    • Richters J. E.,Martinez P. E.Violent communities, family choices, and children's chances: An algorithm for improving the odds.Development & Psychopathology. 1993;5:609-627.
    • (1993) Development & Psychopathology , vol.5 , pp. 609-627
    • Richters, J.E.1    Martinez, P.E.2
  • 74
    • 0022357045 scopus 로고
    • Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder
    • Rutter M.Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder.British Journal of Psychiatry. 1985;147:598-611.
    • (1985) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 598-611
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 75
    • 0023219004 scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms
    • Rutter M.Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1987;57:316-331.
    • (1987) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 316-331
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 77
    • 0003010994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience reconsidered: Conceptual considerations, empirical findings, and policy implications
    • In J. P. Shonkoff& S. J. Meisels (Eds.), New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
    • Rutter, M. (2000). Resilience reconsidered: Conceptual considerations, empirical findings, and policy implications. In J. P. Shonkoff& S. J. Meisels (Eds.), Handbook of early childhood intervention (Vol. 2, pp. 651-682). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of early childhood intervention , vol.2 , pp. 651-682
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 78
    • 0036025777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing 'neighborhood effects": Social processes and new directions in research
    • Sampson R. J.,Morenoff J. D.,Gannon-Rowley T.Assessing 'neighborhood effects": Social processes and new directions in research.Annual Review of Sociology. 2002;28:443-478.
    • (2002) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.28 , pp. 443-478
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Morenoff, J.D.2    Gannon-Rowley, T.3
  • 79
    • 0030879479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy
    • Sampson R. J.,Raudenbush S. W.,Earls F.Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy.Science. 1997;277:918-924.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 918-924
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2    Earls, F.3
  • 82
    • 0033820483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community violence exposure and children's adjustment in the school peer group: The mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition
    • Schwartz D.,Proctor L. J.Community violence exposure and children's adjustment in the school peer group: The mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000;68:670-683.
    • (2000) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 670-683
    • Schwartz, D.1    Proctor, L.J.2
  • 85
    • 0012712589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel methods for public health research
    • In I. Kawachi& L. F. Berkman (Eds.), New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Subramanian, S. V., Jones, K.,& Duncan, C. (2003). Multilevel methods for public health research. In I. Kawachi& L. F. Berkman (Eds.), Neighborhoods and health (pp. 65-111). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (2003) Neighborhoods and health , pp. 65-111
    • Subramanian, S.V.1    Jones, K.2    Duncan, C.3
  • 86
    • 4444244287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between witnessing violence and drug use initiation among rural adolescents: Parental monitoring and family support as protective factors
    • Sullivan T. N.,Kung E. M.,Farrell A. D.Relation between witnessing violence and drug use initiation among rural adolescents: Parental monitoring and family support as protective factors.Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2004;33:488-498.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 488-498
    • Sullivan, T.N.1    Kung, E.M.2    Farrell, A.D.3
  • 89
    • 0003070403 scopus 로고
    • Social support: Conceptualization, measurement, and implications for mental health
    • In J. R. Greeley (Ed.), Greenwich, Greater London: JAI Press
    • Turner, R., Frankel, B.,& Levin, D. (1983). Social support: Conceptualization, measurement, and implications for mental health. In J. R. Greeley (Ed.), Research in community and mental health (Vol. III, pp. 67-111). Greenwich, Greater London: JAI Press.
    • (1983) Research in community and mental health , vol.III , pp. 67-111
    • Turner, R.1    Frankel, B.2    Levin, D.3
  • 90
    • 1142302713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructionist discourse on resilience: Multiple contexts, multiple realities among at-risk children and youth
    • Ungar M. A.Constructionist discourse on resilience: Multiple contexts, multiple realities among at-risk children and youth.Youth & Society. 2004;35:341-365.
    • (2004) Youth & Society , vol.35 , pp. 341-365
    • Ungar, M.A.1
  • 91
    • 84155176283 scopus 로고
    • Cholos and gangs: Culture change and street youth in Los Angeles
    • In R. Huff (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
    • Vigil, J. D. (1990). Cholos and gangs: Culture change and street youth in Los Angeles. In R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America: Diffusion, diversity, and public policy (pp. 142-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
    • (1990) Gangs in America: Diffusion, diversity, and public policy , pp. 142-162
    • Vigil, J.D.1
  • 92
    • 0032088297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban neighborhoods and mental health: Psychological contributions to understanding toxicity, resilience, and interventions
    • Wandersman A.,Nation M.Urban neighborhoods and mental health: Psychological contributions to understanding toxicity, resilience, and interventions.American Psychologist. 1998;43:647-656.
    • (1998) American Psychologist , vol.43 , pp. 647-656
    • Wandersman, A.1    Nation, M.2
  • 93
    • 33646128919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can we learn about resilience from large-scale longitudinal studies?
    • In S. Goldstein,& R. B. Brooks (Eds.), New York, NY: Springer
    • Werner, E. E. (2005). What can we learn about resilience from large-scale longitudinal studies? In S. Goldstein,& R. B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children. New York, NY: Springer.
    • (2005) Handbook of resilience in children
    • Werner, E.E.1
  • 96
    • 84155190533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WestEd, Health and Human Development. California healthy kids survey resilience & youth development supplement. Retrieved from
    • WestEd, Health and Human Development. California healthy kids survey resilience & youth development supplement. Retrieved fromhttp://www.wested.org/chks/pdf/h11Full_rydm_0809.pdf.
  • 97
    • 33645577925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic context, social support, and adolescent mental health: A multilevel investigation
    • Wight R. G.,Botticello A. L.,Aneshensel C. S.Socioeconomic context, social support, and adolescent mental health: A multilevel investigation.Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2006;35:115-126.
    • (2006) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.35 , pp. 115-126
    • Wight, R.G.1    Botticello, A.L.2    Aneshensel, C.S.3
  • 99
    • 0035653565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community factors in the development of resiliency: Considerations and future directions
    • Wolkow K. E.,Ferguson H. B.Community factors in the development of resiliency: Considerations and future directions.Community Mental Health Journal. 2001;37:489-498.
    • (2001) Community Mental Health Journal , vol.37 , pp. 489-498
    • Wolkow, K.E.1    Ferguson, H.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.