The combined effects of ENSO and the 11 year solar cycle on the Northern Hemisphere polar stratosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 116, Issue 23, 2011, Pages

  Calvo, Natalia ^a,b   Marsh, Daniel R ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CLIMATE MODELS; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SOLAR ENERGY; VORTEX FLOW;

11-YEAR SOLAR CYCLE; BACKGROUND WINDS; COMBINED EFFECT; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODELS; ELIASSEN-PALM FLUX; ENSO EVENTS; ENSO SIGNAL; EXTRATROPICAL; FORCINGS; INDEX OF REFRACTION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; PLANETARY WAVES; POLAR STRATOSPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEASONAL MARCHS; SOLAR MAXIMA; SOLAR MINIMA; WAVE-MEAN-FLOW INTERACTION;

UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; CLIMATE MODELING; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; PLANETARY WAVE; POLAR VORTEX; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; REFRACTION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEASONALITY; SOLAR CYCLE; STRATOSPHERE; SUBTROPICAL REGION; WAVE MODELING;

EID: 83655192905     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JD015226     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Baldwin, M. P., et al. (2001), The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39(2), 179-229, doi:10.1029/1999RG000073. (Pubitemid 32621043)
2. Cagnazzo, C., and E. Manzini (2009), Impact of the stratosphere on the winter tropospheric teleconnections between ENSO and the North Atlantic and European region, J. Clim., 22, 1223-1238, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2549.1.
3. Cagnazzo, C., et al. (2009), Northern winter stratospheric temperature and ozone responses to ENSO inferred from an ensemble of chemistry climate models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8935-8948, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8935-2009.
4. Calvo, N., and R. R. Garcia (2009), Wave forcing of the tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere under increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3184-3196, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3085.1.
5. Calvo, N., M. A. Giorgetta, and C. Peña-Ortiz (2007), Sensitivity of the boreal winter circulation in the middle atmosphere to the quasi-biennial oscillation in MAECHAM5 simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10124, doi:10.1029/2006JD007844. (Pubitemid 47193626)
6. Calvo, N., R. García-Herrera, and R. R. Garcia (2008), The ENSO signal in the stratosphere, in Trends and Directions in Climate Research, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1146, 16-31, doi:10.1196/annals.1446.008.
7. Calvo, N., M. A. Giorgetta, R. García-Herrera, and E. Manzini (2009), Nonlinearity of the combined warm ENSO and QBO effects on the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex in MAECHAM5 simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D13109, doi:10.1029/2008JD011445.
8. Calvo, N., R. R. Garcia, W. J. Randel, and D. R. Marsh (2010), Dynamical mechanism for increase in tropical upwelling in the lowermost tropical stratosphere during warm ENSO events, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, doi:10.1175/ 2010JAS3433.1.
9. Camp, C. D., and K.-K. Tung (2007), Stratospheric polar warming by ENSO in winter: A statistical study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04809, doi:10.1029/2006GL028521. (Pubitemid 47272090)
10. Collins, W. D., et al. (2004), Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3), Tech. Rep., NCAR/TN-464 STR, 266 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
11. Edmon, H. J., Jr., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. McIntyre (1980), Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2600-2616, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2600:EPCSFT>2.0.CO;2.
12. Free, M., and D. J. Seidel (2009), The observed temperature El Niño-Southern Oscillation temperature signal in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D23108, doi:10.1029/2009JD012420.
13. Garcia, R. R., D. R. Marsh, D. E. Kinnison, B. A. Boville, and F. Sassi (2007), Simulation of secular trends in the middle atmosphere, 1950-2003, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09301, doi:10.1029/2006JD007485. (Pubitemid 47009860)
14. García-Herrera, R., N. Calvo, R. R. Garcia, and M. A. Giorgetta (2006), Propagation of ENSO temperature signals into the middle atmosphere: A comparison of two general circulation models and ERA-40 reanalysis data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06101, doi:10.1029/2005JD006061. (Pubitemid 43675908)
15. Garfinkel, C. I., and D. L. Hartmann (2007), Effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the quasi-biennial oscillation on polar temperatures in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D19112, doi:10.1029/2007JD008481. (Pubitemid 350226631)
16. Garfinkel, C. I., and D. L. Hartmann (2008), Different ENSO teleconnections and their effects on the stratosphere polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18114, doi:10.1029/2008JD009920.
17. Gray, L. J., S. J. Phipps, T. J. Dunkerton, M. P. Baldwin, E. F. Drysdale, and M. R. Allen (2001), A data study of the influence of the equatorial upper stratosphere on Northern Hemisphere stratospheric sudden warmings, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 1985-2003. (Pubitemid 32914312)
18. Gray, L. J., S. Crooks, C. Pascoe, S. Sparrow, and M. Palmer (2004), Solar and QBO influences on the timing of stratospheric sudden warmings, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2777-2796, doi:10.1175/JAS-3297.1. (Pubitemid 40098844)
19. Hamilton, K. (1993), An examination of observed Southern Oscillation effects in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3468-3474, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<3468:AEOOSO>2.0.CO;2.
20. Hampson, J., P. Keckhut, A. Hauchecorne, and M. L. Chanin (2005), The effect of the 11-year solar-cycle on the temperature in the upperstratosphere and mesosphere: Part II. Numerical simulations and the role of planetary waves, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 67, 948-958, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.03.005. (Pubitemid 41102618)
21. Holton, J. R., and H.-C. Tan (1980), The influence of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2200-2208, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2200:TIOTEQ>2. 0.CO;2.
22. Holton, J. R., and H.-C. Tan (1982), The quasi-biennial oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 60, 140-148.
23. Hood, L. L. (2004), Effects of solar UV variability on the stratosphere, in Solar Variability and Its Effects on Climate, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 141, edited by J. M. Pap and P. Fox, pp. 283-303, AGU, Washington, D. C., doi:10.1029/141GM20.
24. Ineson, S., and A. A. Scaife (2009), The role of the stratosphere in the European climate response to El Niño, Nat. Geosci., 2, 32-36, doi:10.1038/ngeo381.
25. Kodera, K. (2005), Possible solar modulation of the ENSO cycle, Pap. Meteorol. Geophys., 55, 21-32, doi:10.2467/mripapers.55.21. (Pubitemid 43141652)
26. Kodera, K., and Y. Kuroda (2002), Dynamical response to the solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4749, doi:10.1029/2002JD002224.
27. Kryjov, V. N., and C.-K. Park (2007), Solar modulation of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation impact on the Northern Hemisphere annular mode, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L10701, doi:10.1029/2006GL028015. (Pubitemid 47064829)
28. Kuroda, Y. (2007), Effect of QBO and ENSO on the solar cycle modulation of winter North Atlantic oscillation, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 85, 889-898, doi:10.2151/jmsj.85.889.
29. Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon (1988), Associations between the 11-year solar cycle, the QBO and the atmosphere: Part I. The troposphere and stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere winter, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 197-206, doi:10.1016/0021-9169(88)90068-2.
30. Manzini, E., M. A. Giorgetta, M. Esch, L. Kornblueh, and E. Roeckner (2006), The influence of sea surface temperatures on the northern winter stratosphere: Ensemble simulations with the MAECHAM5 model, J. Clim., 19, 3863-3881, doi:10.1175/JCLI3826.1. (Pubitemid 44405148)
31. Marsh, D. R., R. R. Garcia, D. E. Kinnison, B. A. Boville, F. Sassi, S. C. Solomon, and K. Matthes (2007), Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23306, doi:10.1029/2006JD008306.
32. Matsuno, T. (1970), Vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves in the winter Northern Hemisphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 871-883, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1970)027<0871:VPOSPW>2.0.CO;2.
33. Matthes, K., U. Langematz, L. L. Gray, K. Kodera, and K. Labitzke (2004), Improved 11-year solar signal in the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model (FUB-CMAM), J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06101, doi:10.1029/2003JD004012.
34. Randel, W. J., R. R. Garcia, N. Calvo, and D. Marsh (2009), ENSO influence on zonal mean temperature and ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15822, doi:10.1029/2009GL039343.
35. Richter, J. H., F. Sassi, and R. R. Garcia (2010), Toward a physically based gravity wave source parameterization in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 136-156, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3112.1.
36. Sassi, F., D. Kinnison, B. A. Boville, R. R. Garcia, and R. Roble (2004), Effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004434. (Pubitemid 39547469)
37. SPARC CCMVal (2010), SPARC Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models, edited by V. Eyring, T. G. Shepherd, and D. W. Waugh, WCRP-132, WMO/TD-1526, SPARC Rep. 5, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva, Switzerland. [Available at http://www.sparc-climate.org.]
38. van Loon, H., and K. Labitzke (1987), The Southern Oscillation: Part V. The anomalies in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in winter and a comparison with the quasi-biennial oscillation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 357-369, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<0357: TSOPVT>2.0.CO;2.
39. Wei, K., W. Chen, and R. Huang (2007), Association of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures with the stratospheric Holton-Tan Oscillation in the Northern Hemsiphere winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16814, doi:10.1029/2007GL030478. (Pubitemid 350065368)