메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 126-134

Exercise in individuals with CKD

Author keywords

chronic kidney disease; Exercise; physical activity

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DISEASE COURSE; EXERCISE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; KIDNEY FUNCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; REVIEW; SAFETY;

EID: 83655161353     PISSN: 02726386     EISSN: 15236838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.10.008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (204)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 23644454057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical functioning in end-stage renal disease patients: Update 2005
    • P. Painter Physical functioning in end-stage renal disease patients: update 2005 Hemodial Int 9 2005 218 235
    • (2005) Hemodial Int , vol.9 , pp. 218-235
    • Painter, P.1
  • 2
    • 34249884478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise in the end-stage renal disease population
    • K.L. Johansen Exercise in the end-stage renal disease population J Am Soc Nephrol 18 2007 1845 1854
    • (2007) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.18 , pp. 1845-1854
    • Johansen, K.L.1
  • 4
    • 0031036272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training and the progression of chronic renal failure
    • I. Eidemak, A.B. Haaber, B. Feldt-Rasmussen Exercise training and the progression of chronic renal failure Nephron 75 1997 36 40
    • (1997) Nephron , vol.75 , pp. 36-40
    • Eidemak, I.1    Haaber, A.B.2    Feldt-Rasmussen, B.3
  • 5
    • 0030755815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training by individuals with predialysis renal failure: Cardiorespiratory endurance, hypertension, and renal function
    • M.L. Boyce, R.A. Robergs, P.S. Avasthi Exercise training by individuals with predialysis renal failure: cardiorespiratory endurance, hypertension, and renal function Am J Kidney Dis 30 1997 180 192
    • (1997) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.30 , pp. 180-192
    • Boyce, M.L.1    Robergs, R.A.2    Avasthi, P.S.3
  • 6
    • 0035808010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance training to counteract the catabolism of a low-protein diet in patients with chronic renal insufficiency A randomized, controlled trial
    • C. Castaneda, P.L. Gordon, K.L. Uhlin Resistance training to counteract the catabolism of a low-protein diet in patients with chronic renal insufficiency A randomized, controlled trial Ann Intern Med 135 2001 965 976
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.135 , pp. 965-976
    • Castaneda, C.1    Gordon, P.L.2    Uhlin, K.L.3
  • 7
    • 0037972743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of water-based exercise in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • U. Pechter, M. Ots, S. Mesikepp Beneficial effects of water-based exercise in patients with chronic kidney disease Int J Rehabil Res 26 2003 153 156
    • (2003) Int J Rehabil Res , vol.26 , pp. 153-156
    • Pechter, U.1    Ots, M.2    Mesikepp, S.3
  • 8
    • 33746564352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise performance falls over time in patients with chronic kidney disease despite maintenance of hemoglobin concentration
    • M.J. Leikis, M.J. McKenna, A.C. Petersen Exercise performance falls over time in patients with chronic kidney disease despite maintenance of hemoglobin concentration Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1 2006 488 495
    • (2006) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.1 , pp. 488-495
    • Leikis, M.J.1    McKenna, M.J.2    Petersen, A.C.3
  • 9
    • 73449107150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerobic exercise in obese diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized and controlled pilot study
    • D.J. Leehey, I. Moinuddin, J.P. Bast Aerobic exercise in obese diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized and controlled pilot study Cardiovasc Diabetol 8 2009 62
    • (2009) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.8 , pp. 62
    • Leehey, D.J.1    Moinuddin, I.2    Bast, J.P.3
  • 10
    • 84859554150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise training on physical impairment, arterial stiffness and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: A pilot study [published online ahead of print September 15, 2010]
    • doi:10.1007/s11255-010-9823-7
    • Mustata S, Groeneveld S, Davidson W, et al. Effects of exercise training on physical impairment, arterial stiffness and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study [published online ahead of print September 15, 2010]. Int Urol Nephrol. doi:10.1007/s11255-010-9823-7.
    • Int Urol Nephrol
    • Mustata, S.1    Groeneveld, S.2    Davidson, W.3
  • 11
    • 79951723975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of circulating bioactive and immunoreactive IGF-1 changes despite improved fitness in chronic kidney disease patients following 48 weeks of physical training
    • S.M. Gregory, S.A. Headley, M. Germain Lack of circulating bioactive and immunoreactive IGF-1 changes despite improved fitness in chronic kidney disease patients following 48 weeks of physical training Growth Horm IGF Res 21 1 2011 51 56
    • (2011) Growth Horm IGF Res , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-56
    • Gregory, S.M.1    Headley, S.A.2    Germain, M.3
  • 12
    • 71049130750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Sports Medicine 8th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Baltimore, MD
    • American College of Sports Medicine ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 8th ed. 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Baltimore, MD
    • (2010) ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription
  • 13
    • 0037340145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regular low-intensity aquatic exercise improves cardio-respiratory functional capacity and reduces proteinuria in chronic renal failure patients
    • U. Pechter, J. Maaroos, S. Mesikepp Regular low-intensity aquatic exercise improves cardio-respiratory functional capacity and reduces proteinuria in chronic renal failure patients Nephrol Dial Transplant 18 2003 624 625
    • (2003) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.18 , pp. 624-625
    • Pechter, U.1    Maaroos, J.2    Mesikepp, S.3
  • 14
    • 0004322616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Security Administration SSA Pub. No. 64-039; ICN 468600 Accessed November 11, 2011
    • Social Security Administration Disability Evaluation Under Social Security SSA Pub. No. 64-039; ICN 468600 http://www.ssa.gov/disability/ professionals/bluebook/ September 2008 Accessed November 11, 2011
    • (2008) Disability Evaluation under Social Security
  • 15
    • 42449111733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising from a chair: A simple screening test for physical function in predialysis patients
    • E. Brodin, S. Ljungman, K.S. Sunnerhagen Rising from a chair: a simple screening test for physical function in predialysis patients Scand J Urol Nephrol 42 2008 293 300
    • (2008) Scand J Urol Nephrol , vol.42 , pp. 293-300
    • Brodin, E.1    Ljungman, S.2    Sunnerhagen, K.S.3
  • 16
    • 52649140580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical functioning in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • J. Padilla, J. Krasnoff, M. Da Silva Physical functioning in patients with chronic kidney disease J Nephrol 21 2008 550 559
    • (2008) J Nephrol , vol.21 , pp. 550-559
    • Padilla, J.1    Krasnoff, J.2    Da Silva, M.3
  • 17
    • 67650095678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity levels in patients with chronic kidney disease entering the LORD trial
    • R.G. Fassett, I.K. Robertson, D.P. Geraghty Physical activity levels in patients with chronic kidney disease entering the LORD trial Med Sci Sports Exerc 41 2009 985 991
    • (2009) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.41 , pp. 985-991
    • Fassett, R.G.1    Robertson, I.K.2    Geraghty, D.P.3
  • 18
    • 3042769287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hemodialysis dose and membrane flux on health-related quality of life in the HEMO Study
    • M. Unruh, R. Benz, T. Greene Effects of hemodialysis dose and membrane flux on health-related quality of life in the HEMO Study Kidney Int 66 2004 355 366
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.66 , pp. 355-366
    • Unruh, M.1    Benz, R.2    Greene, T.3
  • 19
    • 0036186290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional study of health-related quality of life in African Americans with chronic renal insufficiency: The African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Trial
    • J.W. Kusek, P. Greene, S.R. Wang Cross-sectional study of health-related quality of life in African Americans with chronic renal insufficiency: the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Trial Am J Kidney Dis 39 2002 513 524
    • (2002) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.39 , pp. 513-524
    • Kusek, J.W.1    Greene, P.2    Wang, S.R.3
  • 20
    • 0028229862 scopus 로고
    • Progressive decline in renal function induces a gradual decrease in total hemoglobin and exercise capacity
    • N. Clyne, T. Jogestrand, L.E. Lins Progressive decline in renal function induces a gradual decrease in total hemoglobin and exercise capacity Nephron 67 1994 322 326
    • (1994) Nephron , vol.67 , pp. 322-326
    • Clyne, N.1    Jogestrand, T.2    Lins, L.E.3
  • 21
    • 83655198752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical functioning in chronic kidney disease: Contribution of uremia
    • E. Segura-Orti, P.L. Gordon, J.W. Doyle Physical functioning in chronic kidney disease: contribution of uremia J Am Soc Nephrol 21 2010 669A 670A
    • (2010) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.21
    • Segura-Orti, E.1    Gordon, P.L.2    Doyle, J.W.3
  • 22
    • 33845677264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cystatin C and measures of physical function in elderly adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study
    • M.C. Odden, G.M. Chertow, L.F. Fried Cystatin C and measures of physical function in elderly adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study Am J Epidemiol 164 2006 1180 1189
    • (2006) Am J Epidemiol , vol.164 , pp. 1180-1189
    • Odden, M.C.1    Chertow, G.M.2    Fried, L.F.3
  • 23
    • 23844542026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: A systematic review of clinical trials
    • B.S. Cheema, M.A. Singh Exercise training in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review of clinical trials Am J Nephrol 25 2005 352 364
    • (2005) Am J Nephrol , vol.25 , pp. 352-364
    • Cheema, B.S.1    Singh, M.A.2
  • 24
    • 70349559760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and end-stage kidney disease: Functional exercise capacity and cardiovascular outcomes
    • T.L. Parsons, C.E. King-Vanvlack Exercise and end-stage kidney disease: functional exercise capacity and cardiovascular outcomes Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 16 2009 459 481
    • (2009) Adv Chronic Kidney Dis , vol.16 , pp. 459-481
    • Parsons, T.L.1    King-Vanvlack, C.E.2
  • 25
    • 0025821213 scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise training in predialytic uremic patients
    • N. Clyne, J. Ekholm, T. Jogestrand Effects of exercise training in predialytic uremic patients Nephron 59 1991 84 89
    • (1991) Nephron , vol.59 , pp. 84-89
    • Clyne, N.1    Ekholm, J.2    Jogestrand, T.3
  • 26
    • 0035001713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twelve weeks of exercise training increases muscle function and walking capacity in elderly predialysis patients and healthy subjects
    • S. Heiwe, A. Tollback, N. Clyne Twelve weeks of exercise training increases muscle function and walking capacity in elderly predialysis patients and healthy subjects Nephron 88 2001 48 56
    • (2001) Nephron , vol.88 , pp. 48-56
    • Heiwe, S.1    Tollback, A.2    Clyne, N.3
  • 27
    • 1642422907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance training to reduce the malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome of chronic kidney disease
    • C. Castaneda, P.L. Gordon, R.C. Parker Resistance training to reduce the malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome of chronic kidney disease Am J Kidney Dis 43 2004 607 616
    • (2004) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.43 , pp. 607-616
    • Castaneda, C.1    Gordon, P.L.2    Parker, R.C.3
  • 28
    • 77953319258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance training increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • V.S. Balakrishnan, M. Rao, V. Menon Resistance training increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in patients with chronic kidney disease Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5 2010 996 1002
    • (2010) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.5 , pp. 996-1002
    • Balakrishnan, V.S.1    Rao, M.2    Menon, V.3
  • 29
    • 77956012193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise therapy correlates with improving renal function through modifying lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease
    • K. Toyama, S. Sugiyama, H. Oka Exercise therapy correlates with improving renal function through modifying lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease J Cardiol 56 2010 142 146
    • (2010) J Cardiol , vol.56 , pp. 142-146
    • Toyama, K.1    Sugiyama, S.2    Oka, H.3
  • 30
    • 79952932903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Renal Data System USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States
    • (1)
    • US Renal Data System USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States Am J Kidney Dis 57 suppl 1 2011 e1 e526 (1)
    • (2011) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 31
    • 0037222964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community
    • G. Manjunath, H. Tighiouart, H. Ibrahim Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community J Am Coll Cardiol 41 2003 47 55
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 47-55
    • Manjunath, G.1    Tighiouart, H.2    Ibrahim, H.3
  • 32
    • 0034845524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal insufficiency and cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease
    • M.G. Shlipak, J.A. Simon, D. Grady Renal insufficiency and cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease J Am Coll Cardiol 38 2001 705 711
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.38 , pp. 705-711
    • Shlipak, M.G.1    Simon, J.A.2    Grady, D.3
  • 33
    • 0036419173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease risk status in elderly persons with renal insufficiency
    • M.G. Shlipak, L.F. Fried, C. Crump Cardiovascular disease risk status in elderly persons with renal insufficiency Kidney Int 62 2002 992 1004
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.62 , pp. 992-1004
    • Shlipak, M.G.1    Fried, L.F.2    Crump, C.3
  • 34
    • 77953291706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: A collaborative meta-analysis
    • Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium
    • Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium K. Matsushita, M. van der Velde et al. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis Lancet 375 2010 2073 2081
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 2073-2081
    • Matsushita, K.1    Van Der Velde, M.2
  • 35
    • 3242667376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kidney disease as a risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular disease and mortality
    • D.E. Weiner, H. Tighiouart, P.C. Stark Kidney disease as a risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular disease and mortality Am J Kidney Dis 44 2004 198 206
    • (2004) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.44 , pp. 198-206
    • Weiner, D.E.1    Tighiouart, H.2    Stark, P.C.3
  • 36
    • 0036833743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elephant in uremia: Oxidant stress as a unifying concept of cardiovascular disease in uremia
    • J. Himmelfarb, P. Stenvinkel, T.A. Ikizler The elephant in uremia: oxidant stress as a unifying concept of cardiovascular disease in uremia Kidney Int 62 2002 1524 1538
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.62 , pp. 1524-1538
    • Himmelfarb, J.1    Stenvinkel, P.2    Ikizler, T.A.3
  • 37
    • 10944262228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal dysfunction as a novel risk factor: Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk
    • E. Ritz Renal dysfunction as a novel risk factor: microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk Kidney Int Suppl 67 2005 S25 S28
    • (2005) Kidney Int Suppl , vol.67
    • Ritz, E.1
  • 38
    • 0033057143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical epidemiology of cardiac disease in chronic renal failure
    • P.S. Parfrey, R.N. Foley The clinical epidemiology of cardiac disease in chronic renal failure J Am Soc Nephrol 10 1999 1606 1615
    • (1999) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.10 , pp. 1606-1615
    • Parfrey, P.S.1    Foley, R.N.2
  • 39
    • 0030970060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform by mathematical transformation of radial tonometry pressure Validation of generalized transfer function
    • C.H. Chen, E. Nevo, B. Fetics Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform by mathematical transformation of radial tonometry pressure Validation of generalized transfer function Circulation 95 1997 1827 1836
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 1827-1836
    • Chen, C.H.1    Nevo, E.2    Fetics, B.3
  • 40
    • 0034805745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal protective effects of chronic exercise and antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive rats with chronic renal failure
    • M. Kohzuki, M. Kamimoto, X.M. Wu Renal protective effects of chronic exercise and antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive rats with chronic renal failure J Hypertens 19 2001 1877 1882
    • (2001) J Hypertens , vol.19 , pp. 1877-1882
    • Kohzuki, M.1    Kamimoto, M.2    Wu, X.M.3
  • 41
    • 0023544640 scopus 로고
    • Exercise training ameliorates progressive renal disease in rats with subtotal nephrectomy
    • M. Heifets, T. Davis, E. Tegtmeyer Exercise training ameliorates progressive renal disease in rats with subtotal nephrectomy Kidney Int 32 1987 815 820
    • (1987) Kidney Int , vol.32 , pp. 815-820
    • Heifets, M.1    Davis, T.2    Tegtmeyer, E.3
  • 42
    • 0037311002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased survival among sedentary patients undergoing dialysis: Results from the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 2
    • A.M. O'Hare, K. Tawney, P. Bacchetti Decreased survival among sedentary patients undergoing dialysis: results from the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 2 Am J Kidney Dis 41 2003 447 454
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.41 , pp. 447-454
    • O'Hare, A.M.1    Tawney, K.2    Bacchetti, P.3
  • 43
    • 79955568528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low physical activity and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients
    • D.M. Zelle, E. Corpeleijn, R.P. Stolk Low physical activity and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6 2011 898 905
    • (2011) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.6 , pp. 898-905
    • Zelle, D.M.1    Corpeleijn, E.2    Stolk, R.P.3
  • 44
    • 0003772710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of the US Surgeon General US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Washington, DC
    • Office of the US Surgeon General Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General 1996 US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Washington, DC 278
    • (1996) Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General , pp. 278
  • 45
    • 57349107321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services US Department of Health and Human Services Washington, DC
    • US Department of Health and Human Services 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2008 US Department of Health and Human Services Washington, DC
    • (2008) 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
  • 46
    • 34548239152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association
    • W.L. Haskell, I.M. Lee, R.R. Pate Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association Med Sci Sports Exerc 39 2007 1423 1434
    • (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.39 , pp. 1423-1434
    • Haskell, W.L.1    Lee, I.M.2    Pate, R.R.3
  • 47
    • 34247621859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology
    • P.D. Thompson, B.A. Franklin, G.J. Balady Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology Circulation 115 2007 2358 2368
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 2358-2368
    • Thompson, P.D.1    Franklin, B.A.2    Balady, G.J.3
  • 49
    • 0036787784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: Summary article: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines)
    • M.E. Nelson, W.J. Rejeski, S.N. Blair ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: Summary article: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines) Circulation 106 2002 1883 1892
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1883-1892
    • Nelson, M.E.1    Rejeski, W.J.2    Blair, S.N.3
  • 50
    • 33645463387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac rehabilitation and survival of dialysis patients after coronary bypass
    • N.G. Kutner, R. Zhang, Y. Huang Cardiac rehabilitation and survival of dialysis patients after coronary bypass J Am Soc Nephrol 17 2006 1175 1180
    • (2006) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.17 , pp. 1175-1180
    • Kutner, N.G.1    Zhang, R.2    Huang, Y.3
  • 51
    • 84855297555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical Education Institute, Inc Accessed August 2, 2011
    • Medical Education Institute, Inc Life Options http://www.lifeoptions.org/ catalog/ 2011 Accessed August 2, 2011
    • (2011) Life Options


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.