From the criminal crowd to the "mediated crowd": The impact of social media on the 2011 English riots

Safer Communities

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 40-49

  Baker, Stephanie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Collective action; Crowd theory; Emotions; English riots (2011); Group behaviour; Mediated crowd; New media; Occupy Wall Street protests; Social media; Social networks

Indexed keywords

EID: 83455173486     PISSN: 17578043     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/17578041211200100     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Addley, E. (2011), "Occupy movement: From local action to a global howl of protest", The Guardian, 18 October, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/17/occupy-movement-global-protest
2. Addley, E., Taylor, M., Domokos, J. and Lewis, P. (2011), "UK riots: "Those who seek to racialise this problem are taking us backwards", The Guardian, 10 August, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/10/uk- riots-racial-dimension
3. Allport, G. (1924), Social Psychology, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.
4. Archer, M.S. (1995), Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
5. Arendt, H. (1958), The Human Condition, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
6. Baker, S.A. (2011), "The Mediated Crowd: New Social Media and New Forms of Rioting", Sociological Research Online, Vol. 16 No.4 pp. 21.
7. Baker, S.A. (2012), "Policing the Riots: New Social Media as Recruitment, Resistance and Surveillance", in Briggs, D. (Ed.), The English Riots of 2011: A Summer of Discontent, Waterside Press (forthcoming), Hampshire.
8. Barbalet, J. (1998), Emotion, Social Theory and Social Structure, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. Barbalet, J. (2002), "Why emotions are crucial", in Barbalet, J. (Ed.), Emotions and Sociology, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 1-9.
10. BBC News (2011), "London riots: are there any similarities to the 1980s?", 8 August, available at: Www. bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14453950
11. Blond, P. (2011), "England's Riotous Values", 24 August, available at: Www.nytimes.com/2011/08/25/opinion/25iht-edblond25.html
12. Blumer, H. (1951), "Collective behavior", in Lee, A.M. (Ed.), Principles of Sociology, Barnes & Noble, New York, NY, pp. 67-121.
13. Brewer, J. and Wollman, H. (2011), "Sociologists' offer to unravel the riots", The Guardian, 11 August, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/uk/ 2011/aug/11/sociologists-offer-unravel-riots
14. Burns, T. (2011), "Pseudoscience and the London riots: Folk psychology run amok", Scientific American, 16 August, available at: http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2011/08/16/pseudoscienceand-the- london-riots-folk-psychology-run-amok/#
15. Cellan-Jones, R. (2011), "Home to a social media crackdown?", BBC News, 15 August, available at: Www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/technology-14526833
16. de Castella, T. and McClatchey, C. (2011), "UK riots: What turns people into looters?", BBC News Magazine, 9 August, available at: Www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14463452
17. de Rivera, J. (1992), "Emotional climate: Social structure and emotional dynamics", International Review of Studies on Emotion, Vol. 2, pp. 197-218.
18. Economist (2011a), "Bageshot: after the inferno [Britain]", (The) Economist, p. 25, 13-19 August.
19. Economist (2011b), "Technology and disorder: The Blackberry riots [Britain]", (The) Economist, p. 22, 13-19 August.
20. Eddo-Lodge, R. (2011), "Twitter didn't fuel the Tottenham Riot", The Guardian, 8 August, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/ commentisfree/2011/aug/08/tottenham-riot-twitter
21. Flam, H. (2000), The Emotional Man and the Problem of Collective Action, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main.
22. Flam H. and King, D. (Eds)(2005), Emotions and Social Movements Routledge, London.
23. Giddens, A. (1991), Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Polity Press, Cambridge, MA.
24. Kimmelman, M. (2011), "In protest, the power of place", The New York Times, 15 October, available at: Www.nytimes.com/2011/10/16/sunday-review/ wall-street-protest-shows-power-of-place.html?pagewanted=all
25. Le Bon, G. ([1895] 2002), The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, Dover, New York, NY.
26. Lewis, P., Taylor, M. and Ball, J. (2011), "Kenneth Clarke blames English riots on a 'broken penal system"', The Guardian, 5 September, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/sep/05/kennethclarke-riots-penal-system
27. McCarthy, J.D. (1991), "Forward", in McPhail, C. (Ed.), The Myth of the Madding Crowd, Aldine de Gruyter, New York, NY, pp. xi-xviii.
28. McPhail, C. (1991), The Myth of the Madding Crowd, Aldine de Gruyter, New York, NY.
29. MacKay, C. (1841), Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, Richard Bentley, London.
30. Macnamara, J. (2010), "Public communication practices in the web 2.0-3.0 mediascape: The case for PRevolution", Prism, Vol. 7 No. 3, available at: Www.prismjournal.org/fileadmin/Social-media/Macnamara.pdf
31. Miller, N. and Dollard, J. (1941), Social Learning and Imitation, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
32. Newburn, T. (2011), "There is a pressing need for credible research into the riots", The Guardian, 5 September, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/sep/05/pressing-need-credibleresearch- riots
33. Park, R.E. ([1904] 1972), Masse und Publikum (The Crowd and the Public), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
34. Sennett, R. and Sassen, S. (2011), "Cameron's broken windows", New York Times, 11 August, available at: Www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/opinion/ when-budget-cuts-lead-to-broken-windows.html
35. Sighele, S. (1901), La Foule Criminelle, F. Alcan, Paris.
36. Slutkin, G. (2011), "Gary Slutkin: rioting is a disease spread fromperson to person -the key is to stop the infection", The Observer, 14 August, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/14/rioting-diseasespread- from-person-to-person
37. Tarde, G. ([1897] 1969), "Criminal youth", in Clark, T.N. and Janowitz, M. (Eds), Gabriel Tarde on Communication and Social Influence: Selected Papers, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 255-73.
38. Tarde, G. ([1901] 1969), "The public and the crowd [L'opinion et la foule]", in Clark, T.N. and Janowitz, M. (Eds), Gabriel Tarde on Communication and Social Influence: Selected Papers, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 277-94.
39. Williams, Z. (2011), "The UK riots: The psychology of looting", The Guardian, 9 August, available at: Www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/ aug/09/uk-riots-psychology-of-looting