메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 1445-1454

Diabetic nephropathy - A review of the natural history, burden, risk factors and treatment

Author keywords

Burden; Diabetic nephropathy; Risk factors; Treatment

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN;

EID: 8344244535     PISSN: 00279684     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (129)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0034608937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor b contributes to progressive diabetic nephropathy
    • Reeves WB, Andreoli TE. Transforming growth factor b contributes to progressive diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:7667-7669.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 7667-7669
    • Reeves, W.B.1    Andreoli, T.E.2
  • 2
    • 4544346075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological study of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Renal Biopsy
    • Alebiosu CO, Kadiri S, Akang EEU. Clinicopathological study of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Renal Biopsy. Diabetes International. 2002;12:66-69.
    • (2002) Diabetes International , vol.12 , pp. 66-69
    • Alebiosu, C.O.1    Kadiri, S.2    Akang, E.E.U.3
  • 3
    • 0002437244 scopus 로고
    • Intercapillary lesions in the glomeruli of the kidney
    • Kimmestiel P, Wilson C. Intercapillary lesions in the glomeruli of the kidney. Am J Path. 1936;12:83-97.
    • (1936) Am J Path , vol.12 , pp. 83-97
    • Kimmestiel, P.1    Wilson, C.2
  • 4
    • 0019460233 scopus 로고
    • Glomerular hemodynamics in experimental diabetes
    • Hostetter TH, Troy JL, Brenner BM. Glomerular hemodynamics in experimental diabetes. Kidney Int. 1981;19:410-415.
    • (1981) Kidney Int , vol.19 , pp. 410-415
    • Hostetter, T.H.1    Troy, J.L.2    Brenner, B.M.3
  • 5
    • 0020041880 scopus 로고
    • The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies
    • Hostetter TH, Rennke GH, Brenner BM. The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies. Am J Med. 1982;72:375-380.
    • (1982) Am J Med , vol.72 , pp. 375-380
    • Hostetter, T.H.1    Rennke, G.H.2    Brenner, B.M.3
  • 6
    • 0017137029 scopus 로고
    • Renal function changes in diabetes
    • Mongessen CE. Renal function changes in diabetes. Diabetes. 1976;15 (Suppl 2):872-879.
    • (1976) Diabetes , vol.15 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 872-879
    • Mongessen, C.E.1
  • 8
    • 23944511753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic Nephropathy (Position Statement)
    • American Diabetes Association. Diabetic Nephropathy (Position Statement). Diabetes Care. 2002;25(Suppl 1):S85-S89.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
  • 9
    • 0037061867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nephropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes
    • Remmuzi G, Schiepatti A, Ruggenenti P. Nephropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes. NEJM. 2002;346:1145-1151.
    • (2002) NEJM , vol.346 , pp. 1145-1151
    • Remmuzi, G.1    Schiepatti, A.2    Ruggenenti, P.3
  • 10
    • 0033533807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nephropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
    • Ritz E, Orth SR. Nephropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. NEJM. 1999;341:1127-1133.
    • (1999) NEJM , vol.341 , pp. 1127-1133
    • Ritz, E.1    Orth, S.R.2
  • 11
    • 0003402592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bethesda, MD. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
    • Renal Data System. USRDS 2000 Annual Data Report Bethesda, MD. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
    • USRDS 2000 Annual Data Report
  • 12
    • 0030476148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on management of renal failure in Europe, XXVI, 1995
    • European Dialysis and Transplantation Association. Report on management of renal failure in Europe, XXVI, 1995. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11 (Suppl 7):1-31.
    • (1996) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.11 , Issue.7 SUPPL. , pp. 1-31
  • 13
    • 0035654040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current issues and future perspectives of chronic renal failure
    • Kurokawa K, Nangaku M, Saito A, et al. Current issues and future perspectives of chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:S3-S6.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13
    • Kurokawa, K.1    Nangaku, M.2    Saito, A.3
  • 14
    • 0031752685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: Prevalence, numerical estimates and projections
    • King H, Aubert R, Herman H. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care. 1997;21:1414-1431.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 1414-1431
    • King, H.1    Aubert, R.2    Herman, H.3
  • 15
    • 0030020673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic nephropathy in type-2 diabetes
    • Ritz E, Stefanski A. Diabetic nephropathy in type-2 diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;27:167-194.
    • (1996) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.27 , pp. 167-194
    • Ritz, E.1    Stefanski, A.2
  • 16
    • 0024309621 scopus 로고
    • Diseases causing chronic renal failure in Nigerians - A prospective study of 100 cases
    • Akinsola W, Odesanmi WO, Ogunniyi JO, et al. Diseases causing chronic renal failure in Nigerians - a prospective study of 100 cases. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1989;18:131-135.
    • (1989) Afr J Med Med Sci , vol.18 , pp. 131-135
    • Akinsola, W.1    Odesanmi, W.O.2    Ogunniyi, J.O.3
  • 17
    • 2142772620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure
    • Salako BL, Ayodele OE, Kadiri S, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2002;31:311-314.
    • (2002) Afr J Med Med Sci , vol.31 , pp. 311-314
    • Salako, B.L.1    Ayodele, O.E.2    Kadiri, S.3
  • 18
    • 4043164509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of diabetic patients with endstage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis in Tripoli, Libya
    • Bosseri S, Beshyah SA. Characteristics of diabetic patients with endstage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis in Tripoli, Libya. Diabetes Int. 2001;11:19-21.
    • (2001) Diabetes Int , vol.11 , pp. 19-21
    • Bosseri, S.1    Beshyah, S.A.2
  • 19
    • 0024712293 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of chronic renal failure in adult Sudanese patients
    • Abboud OL, Osman EM, Musa AR. The etiology of chronic renal failure in adult Sudanese patients. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1989;83:411-414.
    • (1989) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.83 , pp. 411-414
    • Abboud, O.L.1    Osman, E.M.2    Musa, A.R.3
  • 20
    • 0035153888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal replacement therapy for diabetic end-stage renal disease, experience of a Tunisian hospital center
    • Abdurrhim E, Zonaghi K, Hedri, et al. Renal replacement therapy for diabetic end-stage renal disease, experience of a Tunisian hospital center. Diabetes Metab. 2001;27:584-590.
    • (2001) Diabetes Metab , vol.27 , pp. 584-590
    • Abdurrhim, E.1    Zonaghi, K.2    Hedri3
  • 21
    • 0001144476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excepts from U.S. Renal Data System 2001. Annual Data Report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States
    • United States Renal Data System. Excepts from U.S. Renal Data System 2001. Annual Data Report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001:38(Suppl 3):S7-S195.
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.38 , Issue.3 SUPPL. 1
  • 22
    • 0030715673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein A, fibrinogen, age, and history of stroke are predictors of death in dialyzed diabetic patients: A prospective study in 412 subjects
    • Koch M, Kurtkuhn B, Grabense B, et al. Apolipoprotein A, fibrinogen, age, and history of stroke are predictors of death in dialyzed diabetic patients: a prospective study in 412 subjects. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:2603-2611.
    • (1997) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.12 , pp. 2603-2611
    • Koch, M.1    Kurtkuhn, B.2    Grabense, B.3
  • 23
    • 0032560807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type-2 diabetes and nondiabetic subjects with and without previous myocardial infarction
    • Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type-2 diabetes and nondiabetic subjects with and without previous myocardial infarction. NEJM. 1998;339:229-234.
    • (1998) NEJM , vol.339 , pp. 229-234
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Lehto, S.2    Ronnemaa, T.3
  • 24
    • 0036190001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal insufficiency and subsequent death resulting from cardiovascular disease in the United States
    • Muntner P, He J, Hamm L, et al. Renal insufficiency and subsequent death resulting from cardiovascular disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:745-753.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 745-753
    • Muntner, P.1    He, J.2    Hamm, L.3
  • 25
    • 8344274936 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and outcome of insulin-dependent diabetes in Soweto, South Africa
    • Gill GV, Hurdle KR, Rolfe M. Mortality and outcome of insulin-dependent diabetes in Soweto, South Africa. Diabetic Medicine, 1995;18:971-974.
    • (1995) Diabetic Medicine , vol.18 , pp. 971-974
    • Gill, G.V.1    Hurdle, K.R.2    Rolfe, M.3
  • 26
    • 0034053736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of hospital mortality among diabetic patients in Sudan
    • Ahmed AM, Ahmed NH, Abdella ME. Pattern of hospital mortality among diabetic patients in Sudan. Practical Diabetes Int. 2000;17:41-43.
    • (2000) Practical Diabetes Int , vol.17 , pp. 41-43
    • Ahmed, A.M.1    Ahmed, N.H.2    Abdella, M.E.3
  • 27
    • 8344232404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic kidney disease; preventing dialysis and transplantation
    • Loon NR. Diabetic kidney disease; preventing dialysis and transplantation. Clinical Diabetes. 2003;21:55-62.
    • (2003) Clinical Diabetes , vol.21 , pp. 55-62
    • Loon, N.R.1
  • 28
    • 0032895814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of diabetic nephropathy: Evidence for major and minor gene effects
    • Krowleski AS. Genetics of diabetic nephropathy: evidence for major and minor gene effects. Kidney Int. 1999;55:1582-1596.
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.55 , pp. 1582-1596
    • Krowleski, A.S.1
  • 29
    • 0025370739 scopus 로고
    • Familial predisposition to renal disease in two generations of Pima Indians with type-2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Pettitt DJ, Saad MF, Bennett PH, et al. Familial predisposition to renal disease in two generations of Pima Indians with type-2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1990;33:438-443.
    • (1990) Diabetologia , vol.33 , pp. 438-443
    • Pettitt, D.J.1    Saad, M.F.2    Bennett, P.H.3
  • 30
    • 0030934033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for development of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Prospective observational study
    • Gall M-A, Hougaard P, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. Risk factors for development of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: prospective observational study. BMJ. 1997;314:783-788.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.314 , pp. 783-788
    • Gall, M.-A.1    Hougaard, P.2    Borch-Johnsen, K.3
  • 31
    • 0028919876 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipids and the progression of nephropathy in diabetes mellitus type-2: Effect of ACE inhibitors
    • Ravid M, Neumann L, Lishner M. Plasma lipids and the progression of nephropathy in diabetes mellitus type-2: effect of ACE inhibitors. Kidney Int. 1995;47:907-910.
    • (1995) Kidney Int , vol.47 , pp. 907-910
    • Ravid, M.1    Neumann, L.2    Lishner, M.3
  • 32
    • 0035134101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of diabetic nephropathy
    • Hovind P, Rossing P, Tarnow L, et al. Progression of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2001;59:702-709.
    • (2001) Kidney Int , vol.59 , pp. 702-709
    • Hovind, P.1    Rossing, P.2    Tarnow, L.3
  • 33
    • 0032543872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of diabetic nephropathy
    • Cooper ME. Pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Lancet. 1998;352:213-219.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 213-219
    • Cooper, M.E.1
  • 34
    • 0023850209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess incidence of treatment of end-stage renal disease in Mexican Americans
    • Pugh JA, Stern MP, Haffner SM, et al. Excess incidence of treatment of end-stage renal disease in Mexican Americans. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;127:135-144.
    • (1998) Am J Epidemiol , vol.127 , pp. 135-144
    • Pugh, J.A.1    Stern, M.P.2    Haffner, S.M.3
  • 35
    • 0026467069 scopus 로고
    • The excess incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among blacks. A population-based study of potential explanatory factors
    • Brancati FL, Whittle JC, Whelton PK, et al. The excess incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among blacks. A population-based study of potential explanatory factors JAMA 1992;268:3079-3084.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.268 , pp. 3079-3084
    • Brancati, F.L.1    Whittle, J.C.2    Whelton, P.K.3
  • 36
    • 0024559825 scopus 로고
    • Familial clustering of diabetic kidney disease. Evidence for genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy
    • Seaquist ER, Goetz FC, Rich S, et al. Familial clustering of diabetic kidney disease. Evidence for genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:1161-1165.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 1161-1165
    • Seaquist, E.R.1    Goetz, F.C.2    Rich, S.3
  • 37
    • 0030740809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diabetic nephropathy
    • Jeffers BW, Estacio RO, Raynolds MV, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1997;52:473-477.
    • (1997) Kidney Int , vol.52 , pp. 473-477
    • Jeffers, B.W.1    Estacio, R.O.2    Raynolds, M.V.3
  • 38
    • 0032966364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ACE gene on diabetic nephropathy in NIDDM patients with insulin resistance
    • Kuramoto N, Lizuka T, Ito H, et al. Effect of ACE gene on diabetic nephropathy in NIDDM patients with insulin resistance. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33:276-281.
    • (1999) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.33 , pp. 276-281
    • Kuramoto, N.1    Lizuka, T.2    Ito, H.3
  • 39
    • 0031781147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy. A methodologic appraisal and systematic review
    • Kunz R, Bork JP, Fritsche L, et al. Association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy. A methodologic appraisal and systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:1653-1663.
    • (1998) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.9 , pp. 1653-1663
    • Kunz, R.1    Bork, J.P.2    Fritsche, L.3
  • 40
    • 15144342080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Z-2 microsatellite allele is linked to increased expression of the aldose reductase gene in diabetic nephropathy
    • Shah VO, Scavini M, Nikolic J, et al. Z-2 microsatellite allele is linked to increased expression of the aldose reductase gene in diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998;83:2886.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 2886
    • Shah, V.O.1    Scavini, M.2    Nikolic, J.3
  • 41
    • 0032895005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased frequency of G-protein b3 subunit 825 T allele in dialyzed patients with type-2 diabetes
    • Bluthner M, Schmidt S, Siffert W, et al. Increased frequency of G-protein b3 subunit 825 T allele in dialyzed patients with type-2 diabetes. Kidney Int. 1999;55:1247-1250.
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.55 , pp. 1247-1250
    • Bluthner, M.1    Schmidt, S.2    Siffert, W.3
  • 42
    • 0036369914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of hypertension in adult patients with diabetes
    • Arauz-Pacheco C, Parrott MA, Raskin P. The treatment of hypertension in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:134-147.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 134-147
    • Arauz-Pacheco, C.1    Parrott, M.A.2    Raskin, P.3
  • 43
    • 0037898667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association. Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(Suppl 1):S80-S82.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
  • 44
    • 0028040076 scopus 로고
    • Familial, hemodynamic, and metabolic factors in the predisposition to diabetic kidney disease
    • Earle K, Viberti GC. Familial, hemodynamic, and metabolic factors in the predisposition to diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 1994;45:434-437.
    • (1994) Kidney Int , vol.45 , pp. 434-437
    • Earle, K.1    Viberti, G.C.2
  • 45
    • 0032956686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal disease and hypertension in noninsulin-dependent diabetes melutus
    • Ismail N, Becker B, Strzelczyk P, et al. Renal disease and hypertension in noninsulin-dependent diabetes melutus. Kidney Int. 1999;55:1-28.
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.55 , pp. 1-28
    • Ismail, N.1    Becker, B.2    Strzelczyk, P.3
  • 46
    • 0031685798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised circadian rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal vascular events in NID-DM subjects
    • Nakano S, Fukudu M, Hotta F, et al. Revised circadian rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal vascular events in NID-DM subjects. Diabetes, 1998;47:1501-1506.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 1501-1506
    • Nakano, S.1    Fukudu, M.2    Hotta, F.3
  • 47
    • 0032989007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria, blood pressure, and diabetic renal disease: Origin and development of ideas
    • Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria, blood pressure, and diabetic renal disease: origin and development of ideas. Diabetologia. 1999;42:263-285.
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , pp. 263-285
    • Mogensen, C.E.1
  • 48
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. NEJM. 1993;329:977-986.
    • (1993) NEJM , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 49
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood glucose contral with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type-2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • Erratum. Lancet. 1999;354:602
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood glucose contral with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type-2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-853 [Erratum. Lancet. 1999;354:602].
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 50
    • 0031933328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of metabolic control on rate of decline in renal function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with overt diabetic nephropathy
    • Mulec H, Blohme G, Grandi B, et al. The effect of metabolic control on rate of decline in renal function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with overt diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998;13:651-655.
    • (1998) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.13 , pp. 651-655
    • Mulec, H.1    Blohme, G.2    Grandi, B.3
  • 52
    • 0025111502 scopus 로고
    • A study of patients with diabetes mellitus (type-1) and end-stage renal failure: Tobacco use may increase risk of nephropathy and death
    • Stegmayr BG. A study of patients with diabetes mellitus (type-1) and end-stage renal failure: tobacco use may increase risk of nephropathy and death. J Intern Med. 1990;228:121-124.
    • (1990) J Intern Med , vol.228 , pp. 121-124
    • Stegmayr, B.G.1
  • 53
    • 0029954212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of smoking on the survival rate of diabetic patients requiring hemodialysis
    • Biesenbach G, Zazgornik J. Influence of smoking on the survival rate of diabetic patients requiring hemodialysis. Diabetes Care. 1996;19:635-638.
    • (1996) Diabetes Care , vol.19 , pp. 635-638
    • Biesenbach, G.1    Zazgornik, J.2
  • 54
    • 0032954651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 10-year incidence of renal insufficiency in people with type-1 diabetes
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. The 10-year incidence of renal insufficiency in people with type-1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:743-751.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 743-751
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 55
    • 0029076841 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • The DCCT Research Group. Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Kidney Int. 1995;47:1702-1720.
    • (1995) Kidney Int , vol.47 , pp. 1702-1720
  • 56
    • 0034628425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type-1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy
    • The DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type-1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. NEJM. 2000;342:381-389.
    • (2000) NEJM , vol.342 , pp. 381-389
  • 57
    • 0037093012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type-1 diabetes mellitus
    • The DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of Intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type-1 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2002;287:2563-2569.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 2563-2569
  • 58
    • 0029147687 scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A randomized prospective six-year study
    • Okhubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective six-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Prac. 1995;28:103-117.
    • (1995) Diabetes Res Clin Prac , vol.28 , pp. 103-117
    • Okhubo, Y.1    Kishikawa, H.2    Araki, E.3
  • 59
    • 0035165227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus (Position Statement). Clinical Practice Recommendations 2001
    • Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus (Position Statement). Clinical Practice Recommendations 2001. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(suppl 1):S33-S43.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
  • 60
    • 0037258604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in type-2 diabetes
    • Bakris G, Viberti G, Weston WM, et al. Rosiglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in type-2 diabetes. J Human Hypertens. 2003;17:7-12.
    • (2003) J Human Hypertens , vol.17 , pp. 7-12
    • Bakris, G.1    Viberti, G.2    Weston, W.M.3
  • 61
    • 0033852481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: A consensus approach
    • Bakris GL, Williams M, Dworkin L, et al. Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: a consensus approach. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:646-661.
    • (2000) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.36 , pp. 646-661
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Williams, M.2    Dworkin, L.3
  • 62
    • 0031733697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in chronic renal disease
    • Mailloux LU, Levey AS. Hypertension in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(Suppl 3):S120-S141.
    • (1998) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.32 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Mailloux, L.U.1    Levey, A.S.2
  • 63
    • 0028838569 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease: The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study
    • Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease: the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study; Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:754-762.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.123 , pp. 754-762
    • Peterson, J.C.1    Adler, S.2    Burkart, J.M.3
  • 64
    • 0020549706 scopus 로고
    • Early aggressive antihypertensive treatment reduces rate of decline in kidney function in diabetic nephropathy
    • Parving HH, Andersen AR, Smidt UM. Early aggressive antihypertensive treatment reduces rate of decline in kidney function in diabetic nephropathy. Lancet. 1983;1:1175-1179.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1175-1179
    • Parving, H.H.1    Andersen, A.R.2    Smidt, U.M.3
  • 65
    • 0035050460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. An update
    • Sowers JR, Epstein M, Frohlich ED. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. An update. Hypertension. 2001;37:1053.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.37 , pp. 1053
    • Sowers, J.R.1    Epstein, M.2    Frohlich, E.D.3
  • 66
    • 0038460302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) Report
    • The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) Report. JAMA. 2002;289:2560-2571.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2560-2571
  • 67
    • 8344219526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achievement and safety of a low blood pressure goal in chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study
    • Lazarus JM, Bourgoignie JJ, Buckalew Jr VM, et al. Achievement and safety of a low blood pressure goal in chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Hypertension. 1997;27:347-354.
    • (1997) Hypertension , vol.27 , pp. 347-354
    • Lazarus, J.M.1    Bourgoignie, J.J.2    Buckalew Jr., V.M.3
  • 68
    • 0033451175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of valsartan and captopril on reducing microalbuminuria in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A placebo-controlled trial
    • Muirhead N, Feegan BF, Mahon J, et al. The effects of valsartan and captopril on reducing microalbuminuria in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled trial. Current Therapeutic Research. 1999;60:650-660.
    • (1999) Current Therapeutic Research , vol.60 , pp. 650-660
    • Muirhead, N.1    Feegan, B.F.2    Mahon, J.3
  • 69
    • 0035922447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective Effect of the Angiotensin-Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type-2 diabetes
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. for the Collaborative Group. Renoprotective Effect of the Angiotensin-Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type-2 diabetes. NEJM. 2001;345:851-860.
    • (2001) NEJM , vol.345 , pp. 851-860
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Clarke, W.R.3
  • 70
    • 0037031270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
    • Viberti G, Wheeldon NM, for the MicroAlbuminuria Reduction with VAL-sartan (MARVAL) Study Investigators. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2002;106:672-678.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 672-678
    • Viberti, G.1    Wheeldon, N.M.2
  • 71
    • 0034700790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ramipri! on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: Results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy
    • Erratum, Lancet. 2000;356:860
    • Heart Outcome Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effect of ramipri! on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet, 2000;355:253-259. [Erratum, Lancet. 2000;356:860].
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 253-259
  • 72
    • 0035922441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losortan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes and nephropathy
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. for the RENAAL Study Investigotors. Effects of losortan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes and nephropathy. NEJM. 2001;345:861-869.
    • (2001) NEJM , vol.345 , pp. 861-869
    • Brenner, B.M.1    Cooper, M.E.2    De Zeeuw, D.3
  • 73
    • 0032511601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type-2 diabetes;UKPDS 39
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Group: efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type-2 diabetes;UKPDS 39. BMJ. 1998;317:713-720.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 713-720
  • 74
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type-2 diabetes. UKPDS 38
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type-2 diabetes. UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998;317:703-713.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 703-713
  • 75
    • 0030007638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta blockers in hypertensive and coronary heart disease
    • Goldstein S. Beta blockers in hypertensive and coronary heart disease. Arch Inten Med. 1996;156:1267-1276.
    • (1996) Arch Inten Med , vol.156 , pp. 1267-1276
    • Goldstein, S.1
  • 76
    • 0035723581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blocker treatment in diabetes mellitus
    • Sawicki PT, Siebenhofer A. Beta-blocker treatment in diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med. 2001;250:11-17.
    • (2001) J Intern Med , vol.250 , pp. 11-17
    • Sawicki, P.T.1    Siebenhofer, A.2
  • 77
    • 0031020448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of calcium channel or beta blockade on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in African Americans
    • Bakris GL, Mangrum A, Copley JB, et al. Effect of calcium channel or beta blockade on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in African Americans. Hypertension. 1997;29:744-750.
    • (1997) Hypertension , vol.29 , pp. 744-750
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Mangrum, A.2    Copley, J.B.3
  • 78
    • 0025217243 scopus 로고
    • Effects of diltiazem or lisinopril on massive proteinuria associated with diabetes mellitus
    • Bakris GL. Effects of diltiazem or lisinopril on massive proteinuria associated with diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:707-708.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 707-708
    • Bakris, G.L.1
  • 79
    • 0029961207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blockers versus other antihypertensive drugs on progression of NIDDM-associated nephropathy
    • Bakris GL, Coopley JB, Vicknar N, et al. Calcium channel blockers versus other antihypertensive drugs on progression of NIDDM-associated nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1996;50:1641-1650.
    • (1996) Kidney Int , vol.50 , pp. 1641-1650
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Coopley, J.B.2    Vicknar, N.3
  • 80
    • 0025963419 scopus 로고
    • Comparison between perindopril and nifedipine in hypertensive and normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria
    • Melbourne Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group, Comparison between perindopril and nifedipine in hypertensive and normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. BMJ. 1991;302:210-216.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 210-216
  • 81
    • 9044235779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cilazapril and amlodipine on kidney function in hypertensive NIDDM patients
    • Vellussi M, Brocco E, Frigato F, et al. Effects of cilazapril and amlodipine on kidney function in hypertensive NIDDM patients. Diabetes. 1996;45:216-222.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 216-222
    • Vellussi, M.1    Brocco, E.2    Frigato, F.3
  • 82
    • 0036524909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effect of lisinopril and lacidipine on urinary albumin excretion in patients with type-2 diabetic nephropathy
    • Salako BL, Finomo FO, Kadiri S, et al. Comparative effect of lisinopril and lacidipine on urinary albumin excretion in patients with type-2 diabetic nephropathy. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2002;31:53-57.
    • (2002) Afr J Med Med Sci , vol.31 , pp. 53-57
    • Salako, B.L.1    Finomo, F.O.2    Kadiri, S.3
  • 83
    • 0031051404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between nisoldipine and lisinopri! on glomerular filtration rates and albuminuria in hypertensive IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy during the first year of treatment
    • Rosssing P, Tarnow L, Boelskifte S, et al. Differences between nisoldipine and lisinopri! on glomerular filtration rates and albuminuria in hypertensive IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy during the first year of treatment. Diabetes. 1997;46:481-487.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 481-487
    • Rosssing, P.1    Tarnow, L.2    Boelskifte, S.3
  • 84
    • 10544229794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group
    • Curb JD, Pressel SL, Cutler JA, et al. Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1996;276:1886-1892.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1886-1892
    • Curb, J.D.1    Pressel, S.L.2    Cutler, J.A.3
  • 85
    • 0034627208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized control trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes: The Candesartan and Lisinopril Microalbuminuria (CALM) study
    • Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkenen I, et al. Randomized control trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes: the Candesartan and Lisinopril Microalbuminuria (CALM) study.BMJ. 2000;321:1440-1444.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 1440-1444
    • Mogensen, C.E.1    Neldam, S.2    Tikkenen, I.3
  • 86
    • 0037378751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin-II receptor blockade in type-1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy
    • Jacobson P, Andersen S, Jensen BR, et al. Additive effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin-II receptor blockade in type-1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:992-999.
    • (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.14 , pp. 992-999
    • Jacobson, P.1    Andersen, S.2    Jensen, B.R.3
  • 87
    • 0036369626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy. A randomized double-blind crossover study
    • Rossing K, Christensen PK, Jensen BR, et al. Dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy. A randomized double-blind crossover study. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:95-100.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 95-100
    • Rossing, K.1    Christensen, P.K.2    Jensen, B.R.3
  • 88
    • 0037992870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
    • Rosner MH, Okusa MD. Combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1025-1029.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 1025-1029
    • Rosner, M.H.1    Okusa, M.D.2
  • 89
    • 0033862293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking: A factor promoting onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy
    • Ritz E, Ogata H, Orth SR. Smoking: a factor promoting onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab. 2000;26(Suppl 4):54-63.
    • (2000) Diabetes Metab , vol.26 , Issue.4 SUPPL. , pp. 54-63
    • Ritz, E.1    Ogata, H.2    Orth, S.R.3
  • 90
    • 0029978330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the modification of diet in renal disease study
    • Levey AS, Adlas S, Caggiula AN, et al. Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the modification of diet in renal disease study. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;27:652-663.
    • (1996) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.27 , pp. 652-663
    • Levey, A.S.1    Adlas, S.2    Caggiula, A.N.3
  • 91
    • 0029993987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a role for a diet very low in protein with or without supplements in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease?
    • Klahr S. Is there a role for a diet very low in protein with or without supplements in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1996;5:384-387.
    • (1996) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.5 , pp. 384-387
    • Klahr, S.1
  • 92
    • 0026017322 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of renal failure in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Zeller K, Whittaker E, Sullivan L, et al. Effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of renal failure in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:78-84.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 78-84
    • Zeller, K.1    Whittaker, E.2    Sullivan, L.3
  • 93
    • 0010349332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary protein restriction on prognosis in type-1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy
    • County Durban, United Kingdom, May abstract
    • Hansen AP, Tauber-Lassen E, Jensen BR, et al. Effect of dietary protein restriction on prognosis in type-1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Presented at the European Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group. 14th Annual Meeting, County Durban, United Kingdom, May 2001, abstract.
    • (2001) European Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group. 14th Annual Meeting
    • Hansen, A.P.1    Tauber-Lassen, E.2    Jensen, B.R.3
  • 94
    • 0034036418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure
    • NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;35:S1-S140.
    • (2002) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.35
  • 95
    • 0006535220 scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia-A determinant of renal function loss and deaths in IDDM patients with nephropathy
    • Krolewski AS, Warram JHG, Christlies AR, Hypercholesterolemia-A determinant of renal function loss and deaths in IDDM patients with nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1994;Suppl 45:S125-S131.
    • (1994) Kidney Int , Issue.45 SUPPL.
    • Krolewski, A.S.1    Warram, J.H.G.2    Christlies, A.R.3
  • 96
    • 0028918868 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-lowering therapy may retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy
    • Lam KSL, Cheing IKP, Jamis ED, et al. Cholesterol-lowering therapy may retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia. 1995;38:604-609.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , pp. 604-609
    • Lam, K.S.L.1    Cheing, I.K.P.2    Jamis, E.D.3
  • 97
    • 0035166933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of lipid reduction on renal disease progression. A meta-analysis
    • Fried LF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BL. The effect of lipid reduction on renal disease progression. A meta-analysis. Kidney Int. 2001;59:260-269.
    • (2001) Kidney Int , vol.59 , pp. 260-269
    • Fried, L.F.1    Orchard, T.J.2    Kasiske, B.L.3
  • 98
    • 0033055724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: The steno type-2 randomized study
    • Graede P, Vedel P, Parving HH, et al. Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: the steno type-2 randomized study. Lancet. 1999;353:617-622.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 617-622
    • Graede, P.1    Vedel, P.2    Parving, H.H.3
  • 99
    • 0036891829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to fully protect the kidney in a severe model of progressive nephropathy: A multidrug approach
    • Zoja C, Corna D, Camozzi D, et al. How to fully protect the kidney in a severe model of progressive nephropathy: a multidrug approach. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:2898-2908.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 2898-2908
    • Zoja, C.1    Corna, D.2    Camozzi, D.3
  • 100
    • 0026659040 scopus 로고
    • Glycosaminoglycans prevent morphological renal alterations and albuminuria in diabetic rats
    • Gambaro G, Cavazzana AO, Lazi P, et al. Glycosaminoglycans prevent morphological renal alterations and albuminuria in diabetic rats. Kidney Int. 1992;42:285-291.
    • (1992) Kidney Int , vol.42 , pp. 285-291
    • Gambaro, G.1    Cavazzana, A.O.2    Lazi, P.3
  • 101
    • 8344273374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosaminoglycans delay the progression of nephropathy in NiDDM
    • Solini A, Vergnani L, Ricci F, et al. Glycosaminoglycans delay the progression of nephropathy in NiDDM. Diabetes Care. 1997;13:539-545.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 539-545
    • Solini, A.1    Vergnani, L.2    Ricci, F.3
  • 102
    • 0036014944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral sulodexide reduces albuminuria in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients. The Di. NAS randomized trial
    • Gambaro G, Kinalska C, Oksa A, et al. Oral sulodexide reduces albuminuria in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients. The Di. NAS randomized trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:1615-1625.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 1615-1625
    • Gambaro, G.1    Kinalska, C.2    Oksa, A.3
  • 103
    • 0033528542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peritoneal dialysis
    • Gokal R, Mallick NP. Peritoneal dialysis. Lancet. 1999;353:823-828.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 823-828
    • Gokal, R.1    Mallick, N.P.2
  • 104
    • 0029098913 scopus 로고
    • Health-related quality of life in end-stage renal failure
    • Gudex G. Health-related quality of life in end-stage renal failure. Qual Life Res. 1995;4:359-366.
    • (1995) Qual Life Res , vol.4 , pp. 359-366
    • Gudex, G.1
  • 105
    • 5844404470 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes
    • Daugirdus JT, Ing TS, eds. Little Brownard
    • Tzamaloukas AH. Diabetes. In: Handbook of Dialysis, 2nd Ed. Daugirdus JT, Ing TS, eds. Little Brownard. 1994 pp. 422-432.
    • (1994) Handbook of Dialysis, 2nd Ed. , pp. 422-432
    • Tzamaloukas, A.H.1
  • 107
    • 0033608445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodialysis
    • Mallick NP, Gokal R. Hemodialysis. Lancet. 1999;353:737-742.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 737-742
    • Mallick, N.P.1    Gokal, R.2
  • 108
    • 84979410053 scopus 로고
    • How can the mortality rate of chronic dialysis patients be reduced
    • Collins AJ. How can the mortality rate of chronic dialysis patients be reduced. Semin Dial. 1993;6:102.
    • (1993) Semin Dial , vol.6 , pp. 102
    • Collins, A.J.1
  • 109
    • 0033518231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant
    • Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, et al. Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. NEJM. 1999;341:1725-1729.
    • (1999) NEJM , vol.341 , pp. 1725-1729
    • Wolfe, R.A.1    Ashby, V.B.2    Milford, E.L.3
  • 111
    • 0032570301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolic complications after kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation: A multivariate analysis
    • Humar A, Johnson EM, Gillingham KJ, et al. Venous thromboembolic complications after kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation: a multivariate analysis. Transplantation. 1998;65:229.
    • (1998) Transplantation , vol.65 , pp. 229
    • Humar, A.1    Johnson, E.M.2    Gillingham, K.J.3
  • 112
    • 0035799806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose
    • Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343-1350.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Tuomilehto, J.1    Lindstrom, J.2    Eriksson, J.G.3
  • 113
    • 0030935652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and diabetes study
    • Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and diabetes study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:537-544.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 537-544
    • Pan, X.R.1    Li, G.W.2    Hu, Y.H.3
  • 114
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the incidence of type-2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
    • Diabetes Prevention Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type-2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
  • 115
    • 0037009921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training and the cardiovascular consequences of type-2 diabetes and hypertension. Plausible mechanisms for improving cardiovascular health
    • Stewart KJ. Exercise training and the cardiovascular consequences of type-2 diabetes and hypertension. Plausible mechanisms for improving cardiovascular health. JAMA. 2002;288:1622-1631.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1622-1631
    • Stewart, K.J.1
  • 116
    • 0038144479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevention or delay of type-2 diabetes. Position Statement
    • The prevention or delay of type-2 diabetes. Position Statement. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:S62-S69.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26
  • 117
    • 8344238049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthy People 2010. Available at http://www.healthy people.gov/document/ HTML/Volume 1/04Chronic Kidney Disease.htm. Accessed on April 6, 2004.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.