Syncope and bundle branch block: A still open problem;Sincope e blocco di branca: Un problema tuttora aperto

Italian Heart Journal, Supplementi

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 46-52

  Del Rosso, Attilio ^a   Bartoletti, Angelo ^b  

^a Ospedale San Pietro Igneo   (Italy)

^b SANTA MARIA ANNUNZIATA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTIFICIAL HEART PACEMAKER; HEART BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK; HUMAN; REVIEW; SYNCOPE;

ALGORITHMS; BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; HUMANS; PACEMAKER, ARTIFICIAL; SYNCOPE;

EID: 8344241333     PISSN: 15903796     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Brignole M, Alboni P, Benditt D, et al, for the Task Force on Syncope, European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope. Eur Heart J 2001; 22: 1256-306.
2. Kapoor WN, Karpf M, Wieand S, Peterson J, Levey G. A prospective evaluation and follow-up of patients with syncope. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 197-204. (Pubitemid 13070237)
3. Soteriades ES, Evans JC, Larson MG, et al. Incidence and prognosis of syncope. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 878-85.
4. Alboni P, Brignole M, Menozzi C, et al. Diagnostic value of history in patients with syncope with or without heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1921-8.
5. Martin TP, Hanusa BH, Kapoor WN. Risk stratification of patients with syncope. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 29: 459-66.
6. Donateo P, Brignole M, Alboni P, et al. A standardized conventional evaluation of the mechanism of syncope in patients with bundle branch block. Europace 2002; 4: 357-60. (Pubitemid 36113741)
7. McAnulty JH, Rahimtoola SH. Bundle branch block. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1983; 26: 333-54.
8. McAnulty JH, Rahimtoola SH, Murphy E. Natural history of "high risk" bundle-branch block. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 137-43.
9. Zipes DP, DiMarco JP, Gillette PC, et al. Guidelines for clinical intracardiac electrophysiological and catheter ablation procedures. A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Clinical Intracardiac Electrophysiologic and Catheter Ablation Procedures), developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 555-73.
10. Del Rosso A, Bartoli P, Bartoletti A, et al. Appropriatezza delle indagini strumentali per la valutazione della sincope. (abstr) Giornale Italiano di Medicina Interna 2003; 2 (Suppl 1): 22.
11. Sagristà-Sauleda J, Romero-Ferrer B, Moya A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J. Variations in diagnostic yield of head-up tilt test and electrophysiology in groups of patients with syncope of unknown origin. Eur Heart J 2001; 22: 857-65. (Pubitemid 32622414)
12. Calkins H, Shyr Y, Frumin H, et al. The value of clinical history in the differentiation of syncope due to ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular block and neurocardiogenic syncope. Am J Med 1995; 98: 365-78.
13. Sgarbossa E, Wagner G. Electrocardiography. In: Topol E, ed. Textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Raven, 1998: 1545-90.
14. Gibson TC, Heitzman MR. Diagnostic efficacy of 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring for syncope. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53: 1013-7.
15. Linzer M, Yang EH, Estes M, et al. Clinical guideline: Diagnosing syncope. Part 2: Unexplained syncope. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127: 76-86.
16. Crawford MH, Bernstein SJ, Deedwania PC, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography). J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 912-48.
17. Bartoletti A. Elettrocardiogramma dinamico e sincope: una coppia definitivamente in crisi? Ital Heart J Suppl 2001; 2: 155-7.
18. Bartoletti A. Monitoraggio elettrocardiografico nello studio della sincope: i problemi sono tutti risolti nell'"era" del loop recorder impiantabile? Giornale Italiano di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione 2002; 3: 150-5.
19. Scheinman MM, Peters RW, Sauvé MJ, et al. Value of the H-Q interval in patients with bundle branch block and the role of the prophylactic permanent pacing. Am J Cardiol 1982; 50: 1316-22.
20. Petrac D, Radic B, Birtci K, Giurovic J. Prospective evaluation of intrahisal second-degree block induced by atrial pacing in the presence of chronic bundle branch block and syncope. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996; 19: 784-92. (Pubitemid 26144326)
21. Englund A, Bergfeldt L, Rosenqvist M. Pharmacological stress testing of the His-Pukinje system in patients with bifascicular block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1998; 21: 1979-87. (Pubitemid 28455420)
22. Bergfeldt L, Edvardsson N, Rosenqvist M, Vallin H, Edhag O. Atrioventricular block progression in patients with bifascicular block assessed by repeated electrocardiography and a bradycardia-detecting pacemaker. Am J Cardiol 1994; 74: 1129-32. (Pubitemid 24366513)
23. Gronda M, Magnani A, Occhetta E, et al. Electrophysiologic study of atrio-ventricular block and ventricular conduction defects. G Ital Cardiol 1984; 14: 768-73.
24. Dini P, Iaolongo D, Adinolfi E, et al. Prognostic value of His-ventricular conduction after ajmaline administration. In: Masoni A, Alboni P, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology today. London: Academic Press, 1982: 515-22.
25. Kaul U, Dev V, Narula J, et al. Evaluation of patients with bundle branch block and "unexplained" syncope: a study based on comprehensive electrophysiologic testing and ajmaline stress. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1988; 11: 289-97. (Pubitemid 18074006)
26. Twidale N, Heddle W, Tonkin A. Procainamide administration during electrophysiologic study - utility as a provocative test for intermittent atrio-ventricular block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1988; 11: 1388-97.
27. Link M, Kim KM, Homoud M, Estes M 3rd, Wang P. Longterm outcome of patients with syncope associated with coronary artery disease and a non diagnostic electrophysiological evaluation. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83: 1334-7. (Pubitemid 29205742)
28. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Moya A, et al, for the International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Mechanism of syncope in patients with bundle branch block and negative electrophysiological test. Circulation 2001; 104: 2045-50.
29. Click R, Gersh B, Sugrue D, et al. Role of invasive electrophysiologic test in patients with symptomatic bundle branch block. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59: 817-23. (Pubitemid 17061293)
30. Englund A, Bergfeldt L, Rehnqvist. Diagnostic value of programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with bifascicular block: a prospective study in patients with and without syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 1508-15.
31. Morady F, Higgins J, Peters R, et al. Electrophysiologic testing in bundle branch block and unexplained syncope. Am J Cardiol 1984; 54: 587-91. (Pubitemid 14073249)
32. Bigger JT, Reiffel JA, Livelli FD, Wang PJ. Sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of programmed ventricular stimulation. Circulation 1986; 73 (Suppl II): 73-8.
33. Middlekauff H, Stevenson W, Stevenson L, Saxon L. Syncope in advanced heart failure: high risk of sudden death regardless of origin of syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 110-6. (Pubitemid 23031303)
34. Knight B, Goyal R, Pelosi F, et al. Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1964-70.
35. Fonarow G, Feliciano Z, Boyle NG, et al. Improved survival in patients with nonischemic advanced heart failure and syncope treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 981-5.
36. Bansch D, Antz M, Boczor S, et al. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The Cardiomyopathy Trial (CAT). Circulation 2002; 105: 1453-8.
37. Saeed M, Homoud MK, Wang PJ, et al. Role of invasive electrophysiologic testing in risk stratification for sudden cardiac death. J Invasive Cardiol 2001; 13: 758-62. (Pubitemid 33759913)
38. Olshansky B, Hahn EA, Hartz VL, Prater SP, Mason JW. Clinical significance of syncope in the electrophysiologic study versus electrocardiographic monitoring (ESVEM) trial. Am Heart J 1999; 137: 878-86. (Pubitemid 29226298)
39. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 877-83.
40. Grimm W, Hoffmann JJ, Muller HH, Maisch B. Implantable defibrillator event rates in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter and a left ventricular ejection fraction below 30%. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 780-7. (Pubitemid 34185323)
41. Caceres J, Jazayeri M, McKinnie J, et al. Sustained bundle branch reentry as a mechanism of clinical tachycardia. Circulation 1989; 79: 256-70. (Pubitemid 19055495)
42. Link MS, Costeas XF, Griffith JL, Colburn CD, Estes NA, Wang PJ. High incidence of appropriate implantable-defibrillator therapy in patients with syncope of unknown etiology and inducible ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 370-5.
43. Mittal S, Iwai S, Stein KM, Markowitz SM, Slotwiner DJ, Lerman BB. Long-term outcome of patients with unexplained syncope treated with an electrophysiologic-guided approach in the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator era. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 1082-9. (Pubitemid 29500542)
44. Andrews N, Fogel R, Pelargonio G, Evans J, Prystowsky E. Implantable defibrillator event rates in patients with unexplained syncope and inducible sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 2023-30.
45. Cohen T, Chien W, Lurie K, et al. Radiofrequency catheter ablation for treatment of bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia: results and long-term follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18: 1767-72.
46. Brilakis ES, Shen WK, Hammill SC, et al. Role of programmed ventricular stimulation and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and syncope. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001; 24: 1623-30.
47. Krahn AD, Klein GJ, Yee R, Takle-Newhouse T, Norris C. Use of an extended monitoring strategy in patients with problematic syncope. Reveal Investigators. Circulation 1999; 99: 406-10. (Pubitemid 29051267)
48. Olshansky B. Syncope study at a crossroad: for which patients? Circulation 2001; 104: 7-8.
49. Atshuler H, Fisher JD, Furman S. Significance of isolated H-V interval prolongation in symptomatic patients without document heart block. Am Heart J 1979; 97: 19-26. (Pubitemid 9089791)
50. Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Hudes ES. Risk factors for injurious falls: a prospective study. J Gerontol 1991; 46: M164-M170.
51. Gaggioli G, Bottoni N, Brignole M, et al. Progression to second and third grade atrioventricular block in patients after electrostimulation for bundle-branch block and syncope: a long-term study. G Ital Cardiol 1994; 24: 409-16.
52. Englund A, Fredrikson M, Rosenqvist M. Head-up tilt test. A nonspecific method of evaluating patients with bifascicular block. Circulation 1997; 95: 951-4.
53. Del Rosso A, Ungar A, Bartoli P, et al. Usefulness and safety of shortened head-up tilt testing potentiated with sublingual glyceryl trinitrate in older patients with recurrent unexplained syncope. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50: 1324-8.
54. Bartoletti A, Alboni P, Ammirati F, et al. The tilt test enhanced with oral nitroglycerin in patients with unexplained syncope: the Italian protocol. The Working Group on Syncope of the Associazione Italiana di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione - the Arrhythmia Area of the Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri. Ital Heart J Suppl 2000; 1: 226-31.