Application of Water Poverty Index (WPI) in Nepalese Context: A Case Study of Kali Gandaki River Basin (KGRB)

Water Resources Management

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 89-107

  Manandhar, Sujata ^a   Pandey, Vishnu Prasad ^a   Kazama, Futaba ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YAMANASHI   (Japan)

Author keywords

Kali Gandaki River Basin; Nepal; Water Poverty Index; Water resources management

Indexed keywords

DATA AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT PLANS; NEPAL; POLICY INTERVENTION; RIVER BASINS; SPATIAL SCALE; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES; WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; WATER RESOURCES PLANNING;

AVAILABILITY; INFORMATION MANAGEMENT; RIVERS; WATERSHEDS;

WATER RESOURCES;

BASIN MANAGEMENT; HOLISTIC APPROACH; POLICY APPROACH; RIVER BASIN; SPATIAL VARIATION; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER RESOURCE;

KALI GANDAKI RIVER; NEPAL;

EID: 82955233747     PISSN: 09204741     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11269-011-9907-x     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Abrams L (1999) The African Water Page: an experiment in knowledge transfer. Water Int 24(2): 140-146.
2. Adger WN, Brooks N, Bentham G, Agnew M, Eriksen S (2004) New indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
3. Alessa L, Kliskey A, Lammers R, Arp C, White D, Hinzman L, Busey R (2008) The arctic water resource vulnerability index: an integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater. Environ Manag 42: 523-541.
4. Alexander KS, Moglia M, Miller C (2010) Water needs assessment: learning to deal with scale, subjectivity and high stakes. J Hydrol 388: 251-257.
5. Amarasinghe UA, Mutuwatta L, Sakthivadivel R (1999) Water scarcity variations within a country: A case study of SriLanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute, Research Report 32.
6. Appelgren B, Klohn W (1999) Management of Water Scarcity: a focus on social capacities and options. Phys Chem Earth (B) 24(4): 361-373.
7. Babel MS, Wahid SM (2009) Freshwater under threat: South Asia, vulnerability assessment of freshwater resources to environmental change. United Nations Environment Programme and Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok.
8. Barker R, van Koppen B, Shah T (2000) A global perspective on water scarcity and poverty: achievements and challenges for water resources management. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Srilanka.
9. Blanc I, Friot D, Margni M, Jolliet O (2008) Towards a new index for environmental sustainability based on a DALY weighting approach. Sustain Dev 16(4): 251-260.
10. Bonan GB (2008) Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320(5882): 1444-1449. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1155121.
11. Brooks N, Adger WN, Kelly PM (2005) The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Glob Environ Chang 15: 151-163.
12. Brown SJ (1997) Soil fertility, nutrient dynamics and socio-economic interactions in the middle mountains of Nepal (Unpublished master's thesis). The University of British Columbia, Canada.
13. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (2001) Statistical year book of Nepal, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
14. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (2004) National Sample Census of Agriculture, Nepal 2001/2002- district summary, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
15. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (2008) Environmental statistics of Nepal, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
16. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (2009) Statistical year book of Nepal, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
17. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS)-Baglung (2009) District profile-mustang. CBS-Baglung, Nepal.
18. Chadwick MA, Dobberfuhl DR, Benke AC, Huryn AD, Suberkropp K, Thiele JE (2006) Urbanization affects stream ecosystem function by altering hydrology, chemistry, and biotic richness. Ecol Appl 16(5): 1796-1807.
19. Cullis J, Oregan D (2004) Targeting the water-poor through water poverty mapping. Water Policy 6: 397-411.
20. Curtis V, Cairncross S, Yonli R (2000) Review: domestic hygiene and diarrhea-pinpointing the problem. Trop Med Int Health 5(I): 22-32.
21. Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) (2010) Daily time series of precipitation, at various stations in western Nepal (in Text format). Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
22. Department of Irrigation (DOI) (2009) Working plan, programs and regional statistics. Western Regional Irrigation Directorate, Pokhara, Nepal.
23. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) (2008) District water supply and sanitation profile (in excel format). Panipokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal.
24. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) (2010) District water supply and sanitation profile (in excel format). Panipokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal.
25. Devkota SR (2005) Is strong sustainability operational? An example from Nepal. Sustain Dev 13: 297-310.
26. District Agriculture Development Office (DADO)-Mustang (2009) Yearly agriculture development program and statistical report-2009. DADO-Mustang, Nepal.
27. Feitelson E, Chenoweth J (2002) Water poverty: towards a meaningful indicator. Water Policy 4: 263-281.
28. Gine R, Foguet P (2009) Enhancing sector data management to target the water poor, water sanitation and hygiene: sustainable development and multisectoral approaches, 34th WEDC International Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2009.
29. Government of Nepal (GoN)/National Planning Commission (NPC) and United Nations Country Team of Nepal (UNCTN) (2010) Nepal Millenium Development Goals, Progress Report 2010, Kathmandu, Nepal.
30. Hamouda MA, Nour El-Din MM, Moursy FI (2009) Vulnerability assessment of water resources systems in the Eastern Nile Basin. Water Resour Manag 23: 2697-2725.
31. Han H, Zhao L (2005) Rural income poverty in Western China is water poverty. China World Econ 13(5): 76-88.
32. Hansen S, Bhatia R (2004) Water and poverty in a macro-economic context. Retrieved on June 28th 2011, available online at http://www2. gtz. de/Dokumente/oe44/ecosan/en-water-poverty-in-macro-economic-context-2004. pdf.
33. Heidecke C (2006) Development and evaluation of a regional water poverty index for Benin. EPT Discussion Paper 145, Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC 20006-1002 USA.
34. Howard G, Bartram J (2003) Domestic water quantity, service, level and health. World Health Organization, Geneva.
35. International Center for Integrated Mountain Research and Development (ICIMOD) and Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (2003) Districts of Nepal, indicators of development (update 2003), Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
36. Jiménez A, Molinero J, Pérez-Foguet A (2009) Monitoring water poverty: a vision from development practitioners. In: Llamas MR, Martinez-Cortina L and Mukherji A (eds) Water ethics. Marcelino Botin Water Forum 2007, pp 151-170.
37. Kojiri T (2008) Importance and necessity of integrated river basin management. Phys Chem Earth 33: 278-283.
38. Komnenic V, Ahlers R, Zaag P (2009) Assessing the usefulness of the water poverty index by applying it to a special case: can one be water poor with high levels of access? Phys Chem Earth 34: 219-224.
39. Lawrence P, Meigh J, Sullivan C (2002) The Water Poverty Index: an International Comparison, Keele Economics Research Papers, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK peagent.
40. Manandhar S, Vogt DS, Perret SR, Kazama F (2011) Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross regional study of farmers' perception and practices. Reg Environ Chang 11(2): 335-348.
41. Martinez-Alier J, Munda G, O'Neill J (1998) Weak comparability of values as a foundation for ecological economics. Ecol Econ 26(3): 277-286.
42. Mason P, Leberman S (2000) Local planning for recreation and tourism: a case study of mountain biking from New Zealand's Manawatu region. J Sustain Tour 8(2): 97-115.
43. Merz J, Nakarmi G, Shrestha SK, Dahal BM, Dangol PM, Dhakal MP, Dangol BS, Sharma S, Shah PB, Weingartner R (2003) Water: a scarce resource in rural watersheds of Nepal's Middle mountains. Mt Res Dev 23(1): 41-49.
44. Mlote SDM, Sullivan C, Meigh J (2002) Water Poverty Index: a tool for integrated water management. 3rd WaterNet/Warfsa Symposium Water Demand Management for Sustainable Development, Dar es Salaam.
45. Namara RE, Hanjra MA, Castillo GE, Ravnborg HM, Smith L, Koppen BV (2010) Agricultural water management and poverty linkages. Agric Water Manag 97: 520-527.
46. Nepal Development Information Institute (NIDI) (2006) Nepal District Profile, Kathmandu, Nepal.
47. OECD (2008) Handbook on constructing composite indicators: methodology and user guide. OECD Publications, Paris.
48. Ohlsson L (2000) Water conflicts and social resource scarcity. Phys Chem Earth (B) 25(3): 213-220.
49. Pandey VP, Babel MS, Shrestha S, Kazama F (2010) Vulnerability of freshwater resources in large and medium Nepalese river basins to environmental change. Water Sci Technol 61(6): 1525-1534.
50. Pandey VP, Babel MS, Shrestha S, Kazama F (2011a) A framework to assess adaptive capacity of the water resources system in Nepalese river basins. Ecol Indic 11(2): 480-488.
51. Pandey VP, Shrestha S, Chapagain SK, Kazama F (2011b) A framework for measuring groundwater sustainability. Environ Sci Policy 14: 396-407.
52. Pimentel D, Kounang N (1998) Ecology of soil erosion in ecosystems. Ecosystems 1(5): 416-426.
53. PRI (2007) Canadian Water Sustainability Index (CWSI) Policy Research Initiative. Government of Canada. Available online at http://www. policyresearch. gc. ca/doclib/SD/SD_PR_CWSI_web_e. pdf.
54. Qu F, Kuyvenhoven A, Shi X, Heerink N (2010) Sustainable natural resource use in rural china: recent trends and policies. China Econ Rev. doi: 10. 1016/j. chieco. 2010. 08. 005.
55. Rijsberman F (2003) Can development of water resources reduces poverty? Water Policy 5: 399-412.
56. Saleth RM, Samad M, Molden D, Hussain I (2003) Water, poverty and gender: an overview of issues and policies. Water Policy 5: 385-398.
57. Schulze RE (2007) Some foci of integrated water resources management in the "South" which are oft-forgotten by the "North": a perspective from southern Africa. Water Resour Manag 21: 269-294.
58. Sen A (1999) Development as freedom. Anchor Books, A Division of Random House, Inc., New York.
59. Sullivan CA (2001) The potential for calculating a meaningful water poverty index. Water Int 26(4): 471-480.
60. Sullivan CA (2002) Calculating a water poverty index. World Dev 30(7): 1195-1210.
61. Sullivan CA (2005) Method to develop and describe community level water poverty index scores. CEH Wallingford, UK.
62. Sullivan CA, Meigh JR (2003) Considering the Water Poverty Index in the context of poverty alleviation. Water Policy 5: 513-528.
63. Sullivan C, Meigh J (2006) Application of the Water Poverty Index at different scales: A cautionary tale. Water International 31(3): 412-426.
64. Sullivan CA, Meigh J (2007) Integration of the biophysical and social sciences using an indicator approach: addressing water problems at different scales. Water Resour Manag 21: 111-128.
65. Sullivan CA, Meigh JR, Giacomello AM, Fediw T, Lawrence P, Samad M, Mlote S, Hutton C, Allan JA, Schulze RE, Dlamini DJM, Cosgrove W, Priscoli JD, Gleick P, Smout I, Cobbing J, Calow R, Hunt C, Hussain A, Acreman MC, King J, Malomo S, Tate EL, O'Regan D, Milner S, Steyl I (2003) The water poverty index: development and application at the community scale. Nat Resour Forum 27: 189-199.
66. Sullivan CA, Meigh J, Lawrence P (2006) Application of the water poverty index at different scales: a cautionary tale. Water Int 31(3): 412-426.
67. Turton AR (1999) Water scarcity and social adaptive capacity: towards an understanding of the social dynamics of managing water scarcity in developing countries. MEWREW Occasional Paper No. 9, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Water Issues Study Group.
68. Ty TV, Sunada K, Ichikawa Y, Oishi S (2010) Evaluation of the state of water resources using modified water poverty index: a case study in the Srepok river basin, Vietnam-Cambodia. Int J River Basin Manag 8(3-4): 305-317.
69. United Nations (UN) (2010) The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010, New York.
70. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2009) UNDP Nepal Annual Report 2009. UN House, Pulchowk, Kathmandu, Nepal.
71. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2003) Water for people, water for life, Executive summary. UNESCO Publishing, Paris, France.
72. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-WWAP (2006) Water a shared responsibility, The United Nations world water development report 2. UNESCO/Berghahn Books, Paris/New York.
73. Wang J, Xu Z, Huang J (2005) Incentives in water management reform: assessing the effect on water use, production and poverty in the Yellow River Basin. Environ Dev Econ 10: 769-799.
74. WHO (2008) UN-water global annual assessment of sanitation and drinking-water: 2008 pilot report-testing a new reporting approach. WHO, Switzerland.
75. WHO/UNICEF (2000) Joint monitoring program for water supply and sanitation, global water supply and sanitation assessment 2000 report, World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund (WHO/UNICEF), Geneva/New York.