Geological framework and Paleozoic tectonic history of the Chinese Altai, NW China: A review

Russian Geology and Geophysics

Volumn 52, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 1619-1633

  Cai, Keda ^a   Sun, Min ^a   Yuan, Chao ^b   Long, Xiaoping ^b   Xiao, Wenjiao ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Accretionary orogensis; CAOB; Chinese Altai; Ridge subduction; Subduction accretion complex; Tectonic evolution

Indexed keywords

ACCRETION; ACTIVE MARGIN; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; GEOCHEMISTRY; IGNEOUS INTRUSION; LOWER CRUST; MAGMATISM; METAMORPHISM; METASEDIMENTARY ROCK; OROGENIC BELT; OROGENY; PALEOZOIC; PETROLOGY; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC SETTING; VOLCANIC ROCK;

ALTAI MOUNTAINS; CHINA;

EID: 82955186158     PISSN: 10687971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rgg.2011.11.014     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Alther R., Sielbel W. I-type plutonism in a continental back-arc setting: miocene granitoids and monzonites from the central Aegean Sea, Greece. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol 2002, 143:397-415.
2. Badarch G., Cunningham W.D., Windley B.F. A new terrane subdivision for Mongolia: implications for the Phanerozoic crustal growth of Central Asia. J. Asian Earth Sci 2002, 21:87-110.
3. Berzin N.A., Coleman R.G., Dobretsov N.L., Zonenshain L.P., Xiao X., Chang E.Z. Geodynamic map of the western part of the Paleo-Asian ocean. Geologiya i Geofizika (Russian Geology and Geophysics) 1994, 35(7-8):8-28. (5-22).
4. BGMRX (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) Regional Geology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [in Chinese]. People's Republic of China, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources. Geological Memoirs, Series 1, No. 32 1993, Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
5. Briggs S.M., Yin A., Manning C.E., Chen Z.L., Wang X.F., Grove M. Late Paleozoic tectonic history of the Ertix Fault in the Chinese Altai and its implications for the development of the Central Asian Orogenic System. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 2007, 119:944-960.
6. 39Ar thermochronology, and Th/Pb ion-microprobe monazite geochronology. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 2009, 121:1381-1393.
7. Buslov M.M. Tectonics and geodynamics of the Central Asian Foldbelt: the role of Late Paleozoic large-amplitude strike-slip faults. Russian Geology and Geophysics (Geologiya i Geofizika) 2011, 52(1):52-71. (66-90).
8. Buslov M.M., Safonova I.Y. 2010. Siberian continent margins, Altai-Mongolian Gondwana-derived terrane and their separating suture-shear zone. Guide-Book to Field Excursion in Russian Altai.
9. Buslov M.M., Watanabe T., Saphonova I.Y.u., Iwata K., Travin A., Akiyama M.A. Vendian-Cambrian island arc system of the Siberian continent in Gorny Altay. Gondwana Res 2002, 5(4):781-800.
10. Cai K.D., Sun M., Yaun C., Zhao G.C., Xiao W.J., Long X.P., Wu F.Y. Geochronalogical and geochemical study of mafic dykes from the southwest Chinese Altai: implications for petrogenesis and tectonic evolution. Gondwana Res 2010, 18:638-652.
11. Cai K.D., Sun M., Yuan C., Zhao G.C., Xiao W.J., Long X.P., Wu F.Y. Prolonged magmatism, juvenile nature and tectonic evolution of the Chinese Altai, NW China: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of Paleozoic granitoids. J. Asian Earth Sci 2011, 42:949-968.
12. Cai K.D., Sun M., Yuan C., Zhao G.C., Xiao W.J., Long X.P. Geochronology, petrogenesis and tectonic implications of peraluminous granites from the Chinese Altai, NW China. Lithos 2011, 127:261-281.
13. Cawood P.A., Kröner A., Collins W.J., Kusky T.M., Mooney W.D., Windley B.F. Accretionary orogens through earth history. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ 2009, 318:1-36.
14. Chai F.M., Mao J.W., Dong L.H., Yang F.Q., Liu F., Geng X.X., Zhang Z.X. Geochronology of metarhyolites from the Kangbutiebao Formation in the Kelang basin, Altay Mountains, Xinjiang: implications for the tectonic evolution and metallogeny. Gondwana Res 2009, 16:189-200.
15. Chen B., Jahn B.M. Geochemical and isotopic studies of the sedimentary and granitic rocks of the Altai orogen of NW China and their tectonic implications. Geol. Mag 2002, 139:1-13.
16. Chen B., Jahn B.M. Genesis of post-collisonal granitoids and basement nature of the Junggar Terrane, NW China: Nd-Sr isotope and trace element evidence. J. Asian Earth Sci 2004, 23:691-703.
17. Chen H.L., Yang S.F., Li Z.L., Yu X., Xiao W.J., Yuan C., Lin X.B., Li J.L. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb chronology of Fuyun basic granulite and its tectonic significance in Altaid orogenic belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22:1351-1358.
18. Condie K.C. Accretionary orogens in space and time. Geol. Soc. Am., Memoir 2007, 200:145-158. R.D. Hat-cher, M.P. Carlson, J.H. McBride, J.R. Martínez Catalán (Eds.).
19. Cong F., Tang H.F., Su Y.P. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of Devonian rhyolites in southern Altay, Xinjiang, northwest China. Geotectonica et Metallogenia 2007, 31:359-364. [in Chinese with English abstract].
20. Dobretsov N.L., Buslov M.M. Late Cambrian-Ordovician tectonics and geodynamics of the Central Asia. Russian Geology and Geophysics (Geologiya i Geofizika) 2007, 48(1):71-82. (93-108).
21. Dobretsov N.L., Buslov M.M., Vernikovsky V.A. Neoproterosoic to Early Ordovician evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: implications to the break-up of Rodinia. Gondwana Res 2003, 6(2):143-159.
22. Dong Y. Distribution of gold deposits related to fault structures in Altay, Xinjiang. Volcanol. Miner. Resour 2000, 21:52-60. [in Chinese with English abstract].
23. Driver L.A., Creaser R.A., Chacko T., Erdmer P. Petrogenesis of the Cretaceous Cassiar batholith, Yukon-British Columbia, Canada: Implications for magmatism in the North American Cordilleran interior. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 2000, 112:1119-1133.
24. Regional Stratigraphic Table of NW China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fascicule [in Chinese] 1981, 7-11. Geological Publishment House, Beijing. GCRSX (Group for Compilation of Regional Stratigraphy of Xinjiang) (Ed.).
25. Glorie S., De Grave J., Buslov M.M., Zhimulev F.I., Izmer A., Van-doorne W., Ryabinin A., Van den haute P., Vanhaecke F., Elburg M.A. Formation and Palaeozoic evolution of the Gorny-Altai-Altai-Mongolia suture zone (South Siberia): Zircon U/Pb constraints on the igneous record. Gondwana Res 2011, 20:465-484.
26. Han B.F., Wang S.G., Jahn B.M., Hong D.W., Kagami H., Sun Y.L. Depleted-mantle source for the Ulungur River A-type granites from North Xinjiang, China: geochemistry and Nd-Sr isotopic evidence, and implications for Phanerozoic crustal growth. Chem. Geol 1997, 138:135-159.
27. He G.Q., Han B.F., Yue Y.J., Wang J.H. Tectonic division and crustal evolution of Altay orogenic belt in China. Geoscience of Xinjiang 1990, 2:9-20. [in Chinese with English abstract].
28. He G.Q., Li M.S., Liu D.Q. Paleozoic Crustal Evolution and Mineralization in Xinjiang, China [in Chinese] 1994, Xinjiang People's Publishing House, Urumqi.
29. Hu A.Q., Wei G.J. A review of ages of basement rocks from Junggar basin in Xinjiang, China-based on studies of geochronology. Xinjiang Geology 2003, 21(4):389-406.
30. Hu A.Q., Wang Z.G., Tu G.Z. Geological Evolution and Metallogenetic Regularity in Northern Xinjiang [in Chinese] 1997, 52-62. Science Press, Beijing.
31. Hu A.Q., Jahn B.M., Zhang G., Chen Y., Zhang Q. Crustal evolution and Phanerozoic crustal growth in northern Xinjiang: Nd isotope evidence. 1. Isotopic characterization of basement rocks. Tectonophysics 2000, 328:15-51.
32. Hu A.Q., Zhang G.X., Zhang Q.F., Li T.D., Zhang J.B. A review on ages of Precambrian metamorphic rocks from Altai orogen in Xinjiang, NW China [in Chinese]. Chin. J. Geol 2002, 37:129-142.
33. Hu A.Q., Wei G.J., Deng W.F., Chen L.L. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and its significance for gneisses from the southern west area to Qinghe County in the Altai, China [in Chinese with English abstract]. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22:1-10.
34. Huang J.Q., Jiang C.F., Wang Z.X. On the opening-closing tectonics and accordion movement of plate in Xinjiang and adjacent regions. Xinjiang Geology 1990, 1:3-16. [in Chinese].
35. Izokh A.E., Vishnevskii A.V., Polyakov G.V., Shelepaev R.A. Age of picrite and picrodolerite magmatism in western Mongolia. Russian Geology and Geophysics (Geologiya i Geofizika) 2011, 52(1):7-23. (10-31).
36. Jahn B.M. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt and growth of the contitental crust in the Phanerozoic. Spec. Publ. 2004, 226:73-100. London. J. Malpas, C.J.N. Fletcher, J.R. Ali, J.C. Aitchison (Eds.).
37. Jahn B.M., Wu F.Y., Chen B. Massive granitoid generation in Central Asia: Nd isotope evidence and implication for continental growth in the Phanerozoic. Episodes 2000, 23:82-92.
38. Jahn B.M., Wu F., Chen B. Granitoids of the Central Asian orogenic belt and continental growth in the Phanerozoic. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh Earth Sci 2000, 91:181-193.
39. Jiang Y.D., Sun M., Zhao G.C., Yuan C., Xiao W.J., Xia X.P., Long X.P., Wu F.Y. The ~390 Ma high-T metamorphism in the Chinese Altai: consequence of ridge-subduction. Am. J. Sci 2010, 310:1421-1452.
40. Kemp A.I.S., Hawkesworth C.J., Paterson B.A., Kinny P.D. Episodic growth of the Gondwana supercontinent from hafnium and oxygen isotopes in zircon. Nature 2006, 439:580-583.
41. Ketchum J.M.F., Jackson S.E., Culshaw N.G., Barr S.M. Depositional and tectonic setting of the Paleoproterozoic Lower Aillik Group, Makkovik Province, Canada: Evolution of a passive margin-foredeep sequence based on petrochemistry and U-Pb (TIMS and LA-ICPMS) geochronology. Precambrian Res 2001, 105:331-356.
42. Kovalenko V.I., Yarmolyuk V.V., Kovach V.P., Kotov A.B., Kozakov I.K., Sal'nikova E.B., Larin A.M. Isotope provinces, mechanisms of generation and sources of the continental crust in the Central Asian Mobile Belt: geological and isotopic evidence. J. Asian Earth Sci 2004, 23(5):605-627.
43. Kröner A., Windley B.F., Badarch G., Tomutogoo O., Hegner E., Jahn B.M., Gruschke S., Khain E.V., Wingate M.T. Accretionary growth and crust-formation in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and comparison with the Arbian-Nubian shield. Geological Society American, Memoir 2008, 200:181-209.
44. Kruk N.N., Rudnev S.N., Vladimirov A.G., Shokalsky S.P., Kovach V.P., Serov P.A., Volkova N.I. Early-Middle Paleozoic granitoids in Gorny Altai, Russia: Implications for continental crust history and magma sources. J. Asian Earth Sci 2011, 42(5):928-948.
45. Laurent-Charvet S., Charvet J., Monie P., Shu L.S. Late Paleozoic strike-slip shear zones in eastern central Asia (NW China): New structural and geochronological data. Tectonics 2003, 22(2):1009. 10.1029/2001TC901047.
46. Li H.J., He G.Q., Wu T.R., Wu B. Confirmation of Altai-Mongolia microcontinent and its implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2006, 22:1369-1379. [in Chinese].
47. Li T.D., Poliyangsiji B.H. Tectonics and crustal evolution of Altai in China and Kazakhstan. Xinjiang Geology 2001, 19:27-32. [in Chinese].
48. Li T.D., Qi Z.M., Xiao S.L., Wu B.Q. 1996. New improvement of comparative study of geology and mineralization of Altai between China and Kazakhstan. Chinese Geological Society. Thesis Volume of the Symposium of the 8th Five Year Plan of Geoscience for Contribution to 30th IGC [in Chinese]. Metallurgical Industrial Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 256-259.
49. 2 fluid inclusions from the Altay orogenic belt, NW China. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science 2004, 5(10):1180-1182.
50. Liu W. Petrogenetic epochs and peculiarities of genetic types of granitoids in the Altai Mts., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China [in Chinese]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia 1990, 14:43-56.
51. Liu W. Whole rock isochron ages of plutons, crustal movements and evolution of tectonic setting in the Altai Mts., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Geological Sciences of Xinjiang, No. 4 1993, 35-50. [in Chinese with English abstract], Geological Press, Beijing.
52. Liu W., Liu C.Q., Masuda A. Complex trace-element effects of mixing-fractional crystallization composite processes: applications to the Alaer granite pluton, Altay Mountains, Xinjiang, northwestern China. Chem. Geol. 1997, 135:103-124.
53. Liu W., Liu L.J., Liu X.J., Shang H.J., Zhou G. Age of the Early Devonian Kangbutiebao Formation along the southern Altay Mountains and its northeastern extension. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2010, 26(2):387-400.
54. Long X.P., Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W.J., Lin S.F., Wu F.Y., Xia X.P., Cai K.D. U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of zircons from metasedimentary rocks in the Chinese Altai: Implications for Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution. Tectonics 2007, 10.1029/2007TC002128.
55. Long X.P., Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W.J., Cai K.D. Early Paleozoic sedimentary record of the Chinese Altai: Implications for its tectonic evolution. Sediment. Geol 2008, 208:88-100.
56. Long X.P., Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W.J., Zhao G.C., Wang Y.J., Cai K.D. Detrital zircon ages and Hf isotopes of the early Paleozoic Flysch sequence in the Chinese Altai, NW China: New constraints on depositional age, provenance and tectonic evolution. Tectonophysics 2010, 480:213-231.
57. Lou F.S. Characteristics of Late Caledonian granites in the Nuerte area, Altay. Jiangxi Geology 1997, 11:60-66. [in Chinese with English abstract].
58. Maruyama S. Pacific-type orogeny revisited: Miyashiro-type orogeny proposed. Island Arc 1997, 6:91-120.
59. 2 basalts in the Devonian southern Altay Xinjiang NW China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2006, 28:439-456.
60. Niu H.C., Yu X.Y., Xu J.F. Late Paleozoic Volcanism and Associated Metallognesis in the Altay Area, Xinjiang, China 2006, Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
61. Peng C.W. Discovery and geological significance of micropaleoflora fro the Habahe Group in Bahaba district of Xinjiang. Xinjiang Geology 1989, 7:19-22.
62. Plotnikov A.V., Titov A.V., Kruk N.N., Ota T., Kabashima T., Hirata T. Middle Paleozoic age of metamorphism in the south Chuya complex in Gorny Altai (results of Ar-Ar, Rb-Sr and U-Pb isotope dating). Geologiya i Geofizika (Russian Geology and Geophysics) 2001, 42(9):1333-1347. (1264-1279).
63. Plotnikov A.V., Bibikova E.V., Titov A.V., Kruk N.N., Gracheva T.V. The age of Kyanite-sillimanite metamorphism of the south-Chuya complex, Gorny Altai: U-Pb isotopic dating of zircon. Geochem. Int. 2002, 40:521-530.
64. Qu G.S., Zhang J.J. Irtys structural zone. Geoscience Xinjiang 1991, 3:115-131. [in Chinese].
65. Rämö O.T., Calzia J.P., Kosunen P.J. Geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons, southern Death Valley region, California: Insights into the origin of Cordilleran interior magmatism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol 2002, 143:416-437.
66. Rui Z., Goldbarb R., Qiu Y., Zhou T., Chen R., Pirajno F. Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China. Miner. Deposita 2002, 37:393-418.
67. Sengör A.M.C., Natal'in B.A. Paleotectonics of Asia: fragments of a synthesis. The Tectonic Evolution of Asia 1996, 486-640. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A. Yin, M. Harrison (Eds.).
68. Sengör A.M.C., Natal'in B.A., Burtman V.S. Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Asia. Nature 1993, 364:299-307.
69. Shan Q., Niu H.C., Yu X.Y., Zhang H.X. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb age of volcanic rocks from the Hanasi basin in the northern Xinjiang and their tectonic significance [in Chinese with English abstract]. Geochimica 2005, 34:315-327.
70. 2-type" granites. J. Asian Earth Sci 2011, 42(5):986-1007.
71. Simonov V.A., Dobretsov N.L., Buslov M.M. Boninite series in structures of the Paleoasian ocean. Geologiya i Geofizika (Russian Geology and Geophysics) 1994, 35(7-8):182-199. (157-171).
72. Sisson V.B., Pavlis T.L., Roeske S.M., Thorkelson D.J. Introduction: An overview of ridge-trench interaction in modern and ancient settings. Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Paper 2003, 371:1-18. V.B. Sisson, S.M. Roeske, T.L. Pavlis (Eds.).
73. Sun M., Yuan C., Xiao W., Long X., Xia X., Zhao G., Lin S., Wu F., Kröner A. Zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of gneissic rocks from the Chinese Altai: progressive accretionary history in the early to middle Paleozoic. Chem. Geol 2008, 247:352-383.
74. Sun M., Long X.P., Cai K.D., Jiang Y.D., Wang B.Y., Yuan C., Zhao G.C., Xiao W.J., Wu F.Y. Early Paleozoic ridge subduction in the Chinese Altai: insight from the marked change in Zircon Hf isotopic composition. Science in China, Series D 2009, 52:1345-1358.
75. Tong Y., Wang T., Hong D.W., Dai Y.J. TIMS U-Pb zircon ages of Fuyun post-orogenic linear granite plutons on the southern margin of Altay orogenic belt and their implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 2006, 29(6):619-641. [in Chinese with English abstract].
76. Tong Y., Wang T., Hong D.W., Dai Y.J., Han B.F., Liu X.M. Ages and origin of the early Devonian granites from the north part of Chinese Altai Mountains and its tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2007, 23:1933-1944.
77. Wang G.Y. The discovery of Vendian strata in Xinjiang Altay and its significance. Regional Geology of China 1983, 10:117-119.
78. Wang T., Zheng Y.D., Li T.B., Gao Y.J. Mesozoic granitic magmatism in extensional tectonics near the Mongolian border in China and its implications for crustal growth. J. Asian Earth Sci 2004, 23(5):715-729.
79. Wang T., Hong D.W., Jahn B.M., Tong Y., Wang Y.B., Han B.F., Wang X.X. Timing, petrogenesis, and setting of Palaeozoic synorogenic intrusions from the Altai Mountains, Northwest China: implications for the tectonic evolution of an accretionary orogen. J. Geology 2006, 114:735-751.
80. Wang T., Jahn B.M., Kovach V.P., Tong Y., Hong D.W., Han B.F. Nd-Sr isotopic mapping of the Chinese Altai and implications for continental growth in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Lithos 2009, 110:359-372.
81. Wang T., Tong Y., Li S., Zhang J.J., Shi X.J., Li J.Y., Han B.F., Hong D.W. Spatial and temporal variations of granitoids for tectonic setting and crustal growth: perspectives from Chinese Altai. Acta Petrol. Mineral 2010, 29:595-618.
82. Wang W., Wei C.J., Wang T., Lou Y.X., Chu H. Confirmation of pelitic granulite in the Altai orogen and its geological significance. Chin. Sci. Bull 2009, 54:918-923.
83. Wang Y.J., Yuan C., Long X.P., Sun M., Xiao W.J., Zhao G.C., Cai K.D., Jiang Y.D. Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of the Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the northwestern Chinese Altai: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications. J. Asian Earth Sci 2011, 42(5):969-985.
84. Wang Y.X., Mooney W.D., Yuan X.C., Coleman R.G. The crustal structure from the Altai Mountains to the Altyn Tagh fault, northwest China. J. Geophys. Res 2003, 108:2322. 10.1029/2001JB000552.
85. Wang Z.G., Zhao Z.H., Zou T.R. Geochemistry of the Granitoids in Altay 1998, Science Press, Beijing, [in Chinese with English abstract].
86. Wei C.J., Clarke G., Tian W., Qiu L. Transition of metamorphic series from the Kyanite- to andalusite-types in the Altai orogen, Xinjiang, China: Evidence from petrography and calculated KMnFMASH and KFMASH phase relations. Lithos 2007, 96(34):353-374.
87. Windley B.F., Kröner A., Guo J., Qu G., Li Y., Zhang C. Neoproterozoic to Palaeozoic geology of the Altai orogen, NW China: New zircon age data and tectonic evolution. J. Geology 2002, 110:719-739.
88. Windley B.F., Alexeiev D., Xiao W., Kröner A., Badarch G. Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. J. Geol. Soc. London 2007, 164:31-47.
89. Wong P.W., Sun M., Zhao G.C., Yuan C., Xiao W.J. Geochemical and geochronological studies of the Alegedayi Ophiolitic Complex and its implication for the evolution of the Chinese Altai. Gondwana Res 2010, 18:438-453.
90. Xiao X.C., Tang Y.Q., Feng Y.M., Zhu B.Q., Li J.Y., Zhao M. Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Xinjiang and Its Adjacent Region 1992, Geological Publishing House, Beijing, [in Chinese with English abstract].
91. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Hao J., Zhai M.G. Accretion leading to collision and the Permian Solonker suture, Inner Mongolia, China: termination of the central Asian orogenic belt. Tectonics 2003, 22:1069. 10.1029/2002TC001484.
92. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Badarch G., Sun S., Li J., Qin K., Wang Z. Palaeozoic accretionary and convergent tectonics of the southern Altaids: implications for the growth of central Asia. J. Geol. Soc. London 2004, 161:1-4.
93. Xiao W.J., Han C.M., Yuan C., Sun M., Lin S.F., Chen H.L., Li Z.L., Li J.L., Sun S. Middle Cambrian to Permian subduction-related accretionary orogenesis of North Xinjiang, NW China: implications for the tectonic evolution of Central Asia. J. Asian Earth Sci 2008, 32:102-117.
94. Xiao W.J., Windley B.F., Yuan C., Sun M., Han C.M., Lin S.F., Chen H.L., Yan Q.R., Liu D.Y., Qin K.Z., Li J.L., Sun S. Paleozoicmultiple subduction-accretion processes of thesouthern Altaids. Am. J. Sci. 2009, 309:221-270. 10.2475/03.2009.02.
95. Xiao W.J., Huang B.C., Han C.M., Sun S., Li J.L. A review of the western part of the Altaids: A key to understanding the architecture of accretionary orogens. Gondwana Res 2010, 18:253-273.
96. Xu J.F., Castillo P.R., Chen F.R., Niu H.C., Yu X.Y., Zhen Z.P. Geochemistry of late Paleozoic mafic igneous rocks from the Kuerti area, Xinjiang, northwest China: implications for backarc mantle evolution. Chem. Geol 2003, 193:137-154.
97. Yu X.Y., Mei H.J., Yang X.C., Wang J.D. Irtysh volcanic rocks and tectonic evolution. Progress of Solid-Earth Sciences in Northern Xinjiang, China [in Chinese with English abstract] 1993, 185-198. Science Press, Beijing. G.Z. Tu (Ed.).
98. Yuan C., Sun M., Xiao W.J., Li X.H., Chen H.L., Lin S.F., Xia X.P., Long X.P. Accretionary orogenesis of the Chinese Altai: insights from Paleozoic granitoids. Chem. Geol. 2007, 242:22-39.
99. Yuan C., Sun M., Long X.P., Xia X.P., Xiao W.J., Li X.H., Lin S.F., Cai K.D. Constraining the depositional time and tectonic background of the Habahe Group of the Altai. Acta Petrological Sinica 2007, 23(7):1635-1644.
100. Yuan X.C. Remark on structure of China continental basement. Acta Geophysica Sinica 1995, 38:448-459. [in Chinese with English abstract].
101. Zhang C.G., Wei C.J., Qiu L. Evolution of metamorphism and its geologic significance in Altaides, Xinjiang. Xinjiang Geology 2004, 22:16-23.
102. Zhang H.X., Niu H.C., Terada K., Yu X.Y., Sato H., Ito J. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating on plagiogranite from Kuerti ophiolite in Altay, north Xinjiang. Chin. Sci. Bull 2003, 48:2231-2235.
103. Zhang J.H., Wang J.B., Ding R.F. Characteristics and U-Pb ages of zircon in metavolcanics from the Kangbutiebao Formation in the Altay region, Xinjiang. Regional Geology of China 2000, 19:281-287. [in Chinese with English abstract].
104. Zhang X., Sui J., Li Z., Liu W., Yang X., Liu S. Evolution of the Erqis Structural Belt and Mineralization 1996, Science Press, Beijing.
105. Zhang Z.C., Mao J.W., Cai J.H., Kusky T., Zhou G., Yan S.B., Zhao L. Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of picrites and associated lavas of Devonian island arc in the North Junggar terrane, Xinjiang (NW China) and arc mantle sources. Lithos 2008, 105:379-395.
106. Zhao Z.H., Wang Z.G., Zou T.R., Masuda A. The REE, isotopic composition of O, Pb, Sr and Nd and petrogenesis of granitoids in the Altai region. Progress of Solid-Earth Sciences in Northern Xinjiang, China [in Chinese with English abstract] 1993, 239-266. Science Press, Beijing. G.Z. Tu (Ed.).
107. Zheng C.Q., Takenori K., Masaki E., Cuechun X. CHIME monazite ages of metasediments from the Altai orogen in northwestern China: Devonian and Permian ages of metamorphism and their significance. Island Arc 2007, 16:598-604.
108. Zheng J.P., Sun M., Zhao G.C., Robinson P.T., Wang F.Z. Elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry of Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks beneath the Junggar basin, NW China: Implications for the formation and evolution of the basin basement. J. Asian Earth Sci 2007, 29:778-794.
109. Zhou Y.Q. Discussion on the basement property of Junggar BASIN. Xinjiang Geoscience 1994, 5:19-27.
110. Zhu Y.F., Zeng Y.S., Gu L.B. Geochemistry of the rare metal-bearing pegmatite No. 3 vein and related granites in the Keketuohai region, Altay Mountains, northwest China. J. Asian Earth Sci 2006, 27:61-77.
111. Zhuang Y. Tectonothermal Evolution in Space and Time and Orogenic Process of Altaide, China 1993, Jilin Scientific and Technical Press, Changchun, China, [in Chinese with English abstract].
112. Zorigtkhuu O.E., Tsunogae T., Dash B. Metamorphic P-T evolution of granet-kyanite-staurolite schist and garnet amphibolites from Bodonch area, western Monbolian Altai: Geothermobarometry and mineral equilibrium modeling. J. Asian Earth Sci 2011, 42:306-315.
113. Zou T.R., Cao H.Z., Wu B.Q. Orogenic and anorogenic granitoids of Altay Mountains of Xinjiang and their discrimination criteria. Acta Geological Sinica 1988, 2:45-64.