Spring versus autumn leaf colours: Evidence for different selective agents and evolution in various species and floras

Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

Volumn 207, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 80-85

  Lev Yadun, Simcha ^a   Yamazaki, Kazuo ^b   Holopainen, Jarmo K ^c   Sinkkonen, Aki ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^b OSAKA CITY INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Autumn leaf colours; Broadleaf woody species; Deciduous; Evergreen; Evolution; Finland; Israel; Japan; Spring leaf colours

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; AUTUMN; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; COLOR; DECIDUOUS TREE; EVERGREEN TREE; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; LEAF MORPHOLOGY; SELECTION; SPRING (SEASON);

FINLAND; ISRAEL; JAPAN;

EID: 82755161916     PISSN: 03672530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2011.10.007     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Archetti M. The origin of autumn colours by coevolution. J. Theor. Biol. 2000, 205:625-630.
2. Archetti M. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a scattered distribution of autumn colours. Ann. Bot. 2009, 103:703-713.
3. Archetti M. Classification of hypotheses for the evolution of autumn colours. Oikos 2009, 118:328-333.
4. Archetti M. Evidence from the domestication of apple for the maintenance of autumn colours by coevolution. Proc. R. Soc. B 2009, 276:2575-2580.
5. Archetti M., Brown S.P. The coevolution theory of autumn colours. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 2004, 271:1219-1223.
6. Archetti M., et al. Unravelling the evolution of autumn colours: an interdisciplinary approach. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2009, 24:166-173.
7. Axelrod D.I. Origin of deciduous and evergreen habits in temperate forests. Evolution 1966, 20:1-15.
8. Chalker-Scott L. Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses. Photochem. Photobiol. 1999, 70:1-9.
9. Chalker-Scott L. Do anthocyanins function as osmoregulators in leaf tissues?. Adv. Bot. Res. 2002, 37:103-127.
10. Chittka L., Döring T.F. Are autumn foliage colors red signals to aphids?. PLoS Biol. 2007, 5:1640-1644.
11. Close D.C., Beadle C.L. The ecophysiology of foliar anthocyanin. Bot. Rev. 2003, 69:149-161.
12. Coley P.D., Aide T.M. Red coloration of tropical young leaves: a possible antifungal defence?. J. Trop. Ecol. 1989, 5:293-300.
13. Coley P.D., Barone J.A. Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1996, 27:305-335.
14. Dixon A.F.G., Hopkins G.W. Temperature seasonal development and distribution of insects with particular reference to aphids. Aphid Biodiversity under Environmental Change 2010, 129-147. Springer, Dordrecht. P. Kindlmann, A.F.G. Dixon, J.P. Michaud (Eds.).
15. Dominy N.J., Lucas P.W., Ramsden L.W., Riba-Hernandez P., Stoner K.E., Turner I.M. Why are young leaves red?. Oikos 2002, 98:163-176.
16. Feeny O. Seasonal changes in oak leaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring feeding by winter moth caterpillars. Ecology 1970, 51:565-581.
17. Feild T.S., Lee D.W., Holbrook N.M. Why leaves turn red in autumn. The role of anthocyanins in senescing leaves of red-osier dogwood. Plant Physiol. 2001, 127:566-574.
18. 2 from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. 1922, 85:87-94.
19. Gould K.S. Nature's Swiss army knife: the diverse protective roles of anthocyanins in leaves. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2004, 2004:314-320.
20. Anthocyanins in leaves. Adv. Bot. Res. 2002, 37:1-234.
21. Haberlandt G. Physiological Plant Anatomy 1914, (Montagu Drummond, Trans.), MacMillan, London.
22. Hamilton W.D., Brown S.P. Autumn tree colours as a handicap signal. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2001, 268:1489-1493.
23. Herrera C.M. Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: the case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates. Oikos 1985, 44:132-141.
24. Hoch W.A., Zeldin E.L., McCown B.H. Physiological significance of anthocyanins during autumnal leaf senescence. Tree Physiol. 2001, 21:1-8.
25. Holopainen J.K., Peltonen P. Bright autumn colours of deciduous trees attract aphids: nutrient retranslocation hypothesis. Oikos 2002, 99:184-188.
26. Holopainen J.K., Semiz G., Blande J.D. Life-history strategies affect aphid preference for yellowing leaves. Biol. Lett. 2009, 5:603-605.
27. Hughes N.M., Smith W.K. Seasonal photosynthesis and anthocyanin production in 10 broadleaf evergreen species. Funct. Plant Biol. 2007, 34:1072-1079.
28. Janzen D.H. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. Am. Nat. 1970, 104:501-528.
29. Juniper B.E. Flamboyant flushes: a reinterpretation of non-green flush colours in leaves. Int. Dendrol. Soc. Yearbook 1994, 1993:49-57.
30. Karageorgou P., Manetas Y. The importance of being red when young: anthocyanins and the protection of young leaves of Quercus coccifera from insect herbivory and excess light. Tree Physiol. 2006, 26:613-621.
31. Karageorgou P., Buschmann C., Manetas Y. Red leaf color as a warning signal against insect herbivory: honest or mimetic?. Flora 2008, 203:648-652.
32. Koike T. Autumn coloring, photosynthetic performance and leaf development of deciduous broad-leaved trees in relation to forest succession. Tree Physiol. 1990, 7:21-32.
33. Kursar T.A., Coley P.D. Delayed greening in tropical leaves: an antiherbivory defense?. Biotropica 1992, 24:256-262.
34. Lee D. Nature's Palette. The Science of Plant Color 2007, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
35. Lee D.W., Collins T.M. Phylogenetic and ontogenetic influences on the distribution of anthocyanins and betacyanins in leaves of tropical plants. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2001, 162:1141-1153.
36. Lee D.W., Gould K.S. Why leaves turn red. Am. Sci. 2002, 90:524-531.
37. Lee D.W., Brammeler S., Smith A.P. The selective advantages of anthocyanins in developing leaves of mango and cacao. Biotropica 1987, 19:40-49.
38. Lee D.W., O'Keefe J., Holbrook N.M., Feild T.S. Pigment dynamics and autumn leaf senescence in a New England deciduous forest, eastern USA. Ecol. Res. 2003, 18:677-694.
39. Lev-Yadun S. Defensive coloration in plants: a review of current ideas about anti-herbivore coloration strategies. Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues 2006, IV:292-299. Global Science Books, London.
40. Lev-Yadun S. The shared and separate roles of aposematic (warning) coloration and the co-evolutionary hypothesis in defending autumn leaves. Plant Signal. Behav. 2010, 5:937-939.
41. Lev-Yadun S., Gould K.S. What do red and yellow autumn leaves signal?. Bot. Rev. 2007, 73:279-289.
42. Lev-Yadun S., Gould K.S. Role of anthocyanins in plant defense. Life's Colorful Solutions: The Biosynthesis, Functions, and Applications of Anthocyanins 2008, 21-48. Springer, Berlin. K.S. Gould, K.M. Davies, C. Winefield (Eds.).
43. Lev-Yadun S., Holopainen J.K. Why red-dominated American autumn leaves and yellow-dominated autumn leaves in Northern Europe?. New Phytol. 2009, 183:506-512.
44. Lev-Yadun S., Dafni A., Flaishman M.A., Inbar M., Izhaki I., Katzir G., Ne'eman G. Plant coloration undermines herbivorous insect camouflage. BioEssays 2004, 26:1126-1130.
45. Lüttge U. Physiological Ecology of Tropical Plants 1997, Springer, Berlin.
46. Manetas Y. Why some leaves are anthocyanic and why most anthocyanic leaves are red?. Flora 2006, 201:163-177.
47. Matile P. Biochemistry of Indian summer: physiology of autumnal leaf coloration. Exp. Gerontol. 2000, 35:145-158.
48. Merzlyak M.N., Chivkunova O.B., Solovchenko A.E., Naqvi K.R. Light absorption by anthocyanins in juvenile, stressed, and senescing leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 2008, 59:3903-3911.
49. Milne R.I., Abbott R.J. The origin and evolution of tertiary relict floras. Adv. Bot. Res. 2002, 38:281-314.
50. Mogi T., et al. Woody Plants of Japan: Choripetalae 2 2000, Yama-kei, Tokyo.
51. Nikiforou C., Manetas Y. Strength of winter-leaf redness as an indicator of stress vulnerable individuals in Pistacia lentiscus. Flora 2010, 205:424-427.
52. Nikiforou C., Zeliou K., Kytridis V.P., Kyzeridou A., Manetas Y. Are red leaf phenotypes more or less fit? The case of winter leaf reddening in Cistus creticus. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2010, 67:509-514.
53. Ougham H.J., Morris P., Thomas H. The colors of autumn leaves as symptoms of cellular recycling and defenses against environmental stresses. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 2005, 66:135-160.
54. Richards P.W. The Tropical Rain Forest. An Ecological Study 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 2nd ed.
55. Schaefer H.M., Rolshausen G. Plants on red alert: do insects pay attention?. BioEssays 2006, 28:65-71.
56. Schaefer H.M., Rentzsch M., Breuer M. Anthocyanins reduce fungal growth in fruits. Nat. Prod. Comm. 2008, 3:1267-1272.
57. Sinkkonen A. Do autumn leaf colours serve as a reproductive insurance against sucking herbivores?. Oikos 2006, 113:557-562.
58. Sinkkonen A. Red reveals branch die-back in Norway maple Acer plantoides. Ann. Bot. 2008, 102:361-366.
59. Stebbins G.L. Flowering Plants. Evolution Above the Species Level 1974, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass.
60. Stiles E.W. Fruit flags: two hypotheses. Am. Nat. 1982, 120:500-509.
61. Stone B.C. Protective coloration of young leaves in certain Malaysian palms. Biotropica 1979, 11:126.
62. Taulavuori K., Pihlajaniemi H., Huttunen S., Taulavuori E. Reddish spring colouring of deciduous leaves: a sign of ecotype?. Trees 2011, 25:231-236.
63. Tiffney B.H. Perspectives on the origin of the floristic similarity between eastern Asia and eastern North America. J. Arnold Arbor. 1985, 66:73-94.
64. Wilkinson D.M., Sherratt T.N., Phillip D.M., Wratten S.D., Dixon A.F.G., Young A.J. The adaptive significance of autumn leaf colours. Oikos 2002, 99:402-407.
65. Yamazaki K. Autumn leaf colouration: a new hypothesis involving plant-ant mutualism via aphids. Naturwissenschaften 2008, 95:671-676.
66. Yamazaki K. Colors of young and old spring leaves as a potential signal for ant-tended hemipterans. Plant Signal. Behav. 2008, 3:984-985.