From campus racism to cyber racism: Discourse of race and Chinese nationalism

China Quarterly

Volumn , Issue 207, 2011, Pages 561-579

  Cheng, Yinghong ^a  

^a DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NATIONALISM; RACIAL DISPARITY; RACISM; SOCIAL CONFLICT;

CHINA;

EID: 82555165498     PISSN: 03057410     EISSN: 14682648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0305741011000658     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. see e.g. "Chinese students hold racist rally," New York Times, 27 December 1988
2. and "Chinese students continue to protest Africans," Washington Post, 30 December 1988.
3. The China Quarterly devoted a forum to the subject ("Focus on race and racism in China," No. 138, 1994)
4. including Frank Dikötter, "Racial identity in China: context and meaning," (pp. 404-12);
5. Barry Sautman, "Anti-black racism in post-Mao China," (pp. 413-37);
6. and Michael J. Sullivan, "The 1988-89 Nanjing anti-African protests: racial nationalism or national racism?," (pp. 438-57).
7. George T. Crane's "Collective identity, symbolic mobilization, and student protest in Nanjing, China, 1988-1989," Comparative Politics (1994), pp. 395-413
8. Richard Lufrano witnessed the event and published an analytical narrative "The 1988 Nanjing incident: notes on race and politics in contemporary China," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars (1994), pp. 83-92.
9. M. Dujon Johnson, an African-American, revisited the subject and connected it to the racialism in the 1990s based on his experience living in both the mainland and Taiwan. Johnson, Race and Racism in the Chinas (Bloomington, IN: Author's House, 2007).
10. Martin Jacques's When China Rules the World (New York: Penguin, 2009), pp. 244-52.
11. Kang Youwei, Datongshu (One World) (Beijing: People's University Press, 2010), pp. 69-80.
12. Lufrano, "The 1988 Nanjing incident," p. 84.
13. Sautman, "Anti-black racism in post-Mao China," pp. 429-37.
14. Sullivan, "The 1988-89 Nanjing anti-African protests," p. 445.
15. Sautman, "Anti-black racism in post-Mao China," p. 424.
16. Johnson, Race and Racism in Chinas, pp. 104-05.
17. Lufrano, "The 1988 Nanjing incident," p. 84.
18. Sullivan, "The 1988-89 Nanjing anti-African protests," p. 444;
19. and Sautman, "Anti-black racism in post-Mao China," p. 417.
20. Lufrano, "The 1988 Nanjing incident," p. 87.
21. "Foreign ministry spokesperson discusses the Nanjing Chinese-African student incident," Renmin ribao (People's Daily), 6 January 1989.
22. Modern China Studies (Jindaishi yanjiu), published a review by Xie Wei (No. 5 (2007), pp. 79-90).
23. Sun Longji, "Dikötter on the Chinese racism," Southern Metropolitan Weekly, 4 January 2009.
24. Lufrano, "The 1988 Nanjing incident," p. 83.
25. Frank Dikötter, The Discourse of Race in Modern China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992), p. 82.
26. Emmanuel Hevi's An African Student in China (London: Pall Mall, 1963).
27. Johnson, Race and Racism in Chinas, pp. 76-77, 144.
28. Sullivan, "The 1988-89 Nanjing anti-African protests," p. 440.
29. Jessie Daniels in Cyber Racism, White Supremacy Online and the Attack on Civil Rights (Lanham, MD; Rowman & Littlefield, 2009).
30. "Chocolate city' - Africans seeking their dreams in China," The Southern Weekend, 23 January 2008.
31. "A survey of the survival and life of African tribes in Guangzhou." The reports published after the African protest include "Many thousands illegally reside; wholesale purchasing low-end merchandise while hiding from the police," Global Times, 20 July 2009;
32. "Very close yet very alien - a survey on Guangzhou people's views of Africans," Southern Metropolitan Weekly, 17 August 2009;
33. "Between love and pain: real life of African merchants in Guangzhou," a series report by The Southern Weekend, from late July to early August 2009;
34. and "Blacks inhibit Guangzhou, creating five serious social problems and making race a potential hazard," Southern Metropolitan Weekly, 17 August 2009.
35. "Chocolate city"
36. http://comment.news.163.com/news-shehui2-bbs/5GTP3KQC00011SM9.html.
37. http://bbs.news.163.com/bbs/shishi/145732627.html.
38. The Chinese cyber discussion on Lou Jing, see http://www.chineseinafrica. com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=15598&sid=J6jT7f.
39. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog-46904e310100d276.html#comment17.
40. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog-46904e310100d3y4.html.
41. Translated and shortened by Xuyang Jingjing. http://opinion.globaltimes. cn/observer/2009-06/437116.html.
42. This World Bank project is named "Ethiopia - second road sector development support project," http://www-wds.worldbank.org/.
43. Written for Deutsche Welle's Chinese Service by Gu Xuewu, a Chinese professor of international politics at Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, the article was pasted on numerous Chinese web pages and said to be a "German opinion." http://club.china.com/data/thread/1011/2093/89/41/3-1.html.
44. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog-4bccaa320100eyxt.html.
45. http://www.chinavalue.net/Article/Archive/2009/6/5/179488.html.
46. http://www.peacehall.com/forum/201004/boxun2010/127454.shtml.
47. http://www.chineseinafrica.com/bbs/index.php;
48. http://my.cnd.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topicid=63357&forum= 2&26.
49. http://farstarocean.blogspot.com/2006/11/zt.html.
50. This originally appeared at www.africawindows.com/bbs
51. http://bbs.tiexue.net/bbs33-0-1.html
52. http://ghanachinese.com
53. http://bbs.tiexue.net/.
54. Serge Michel and Michel Beuret, China Safari, On the Trail of Beijing's Expansion in Africa (New York: Nation Books, 2009).
55. Gregor Dobler, "Chinese shops and the formation of a Chinese expatriate community in Namibia," The China Quarterly, No.199 (2009), pp. 707-27.
56. "The ministry of commerce: a significant amount of Chinese products exported to Africa are fake and inferior," 21st Century Business Herald, 9 October 2009.
57. http://finance.ifeng.com/topic/news/huashang/index.shtml.
58. Chinese foreign ministry website, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/cgb/ lsxw/t581983.htm.
59. "ignorant of local custom and code of behaviours; acting in confliction with local religious and customary taboos that generate disputes and anti-Chinese sentiments among some local folks.," Qingtian county government website, http://www.qingtian.gov.cn/qtdt/bddt/200910/t20091013-19399. htm.
60. An online essay penned by "a Chinese of justice" criticized the Chinese embassy for "taking no action," (buzuowei). Later a poster, also in essay style, by "a true Chinese," defended the embassy's response and questioned the intent of, "a Chinese of justice," saying that this criticism sounded like the falun gong and overseas political dissidents. http://www.tianya.cn/New/PublicForum/Content.asp?idWriter=0&Key= 0&strItem=worldlook&idArticle=198721&flag=1.
61. see http://www.hkreporter.com/talks/viewthread.php?tid=63922.
62. Barry Sautman, "Peking man and the politics of paleoanthropological nationalism in China," Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 60, No. 1 (2001), p. 96.
63. see Sigrid Schmalzer, The People's Peking Man: Popular Science and Human Identity in Twentieth-Century China (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008)
64. "The very first lesson: teaching about human evolution in 1950s China," in Jeremy Brown and Paul Pickowicz (eds.), Dilemmas of Victory (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).
65. see http://www.ysedu.gov.cn/news-showYS.asp?wt-id=1234&f-id=2823;
66. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical-zgdzjy200404019.
67. as http://news.artxun.com/huashi-955-4770452.shtml.
68. Barry Sautman, "Myths of descent, racial nationalism, and ethnic minorities in the People's Republic of China," in Frank Dikötter (ed.), The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan (London: Hurst, 1997), pp. 75-91.
69. See Hou Dejian, Huo tou zi zheng zhuan (Autobiography) (Taipei: Lianjin publisher, 1991).
70. see People's Daily website http://culture.people.com.cn/GB/87423/9363516. html.
71. see http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/1406110805648.html.
72. http://www.hanzuwang.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=37194&sid=wSfxZZ.
73. M. Lin, Women liu zhe bu tong de xueye (We Have Different Bloods) (Taiwan: Qianwei publisher, 2010).