The Virchow-Robin spaces: Delineation by magnetic resonance imaging with considerations on anatomofunctional implications

Child's Nervous System

Volumn 27, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 2057-2066

  Tsutsumi, Satoshi ^a   Ito, Masanori ^a   Yasumoto, Yukimasa ^a   Tabuchi, Takashi ^b   Ogino, Ikuko ^a  

^a JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Medical Satellite Yaesu Clinic   (Japan)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Dilated Virchow Robin spaces; Physiological function; Virchow Robin spaces

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BASAL CISTERN; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN STEM; BRAIN VENTRICLE; CADAVER; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEMISPHERE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRCHOW ROBIN SPACE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BRAIN; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; DILATATION, PATHOLOGIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SUBARACHNOID SPACE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 82455210226     PISSN: 02567040     EISSN: 14330350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-011-1574-y     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. M Akter T Hirai M Kitajima K Yamada Y Hayashida T Okuda H Takeshima J Kuratsu Y Yamashita 2007 Multiple prominent dilated perivascular spaces do not induce Wallerian degeneration as evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28 283 284 17296995 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s%2FpvVSrtw%3D%3D
2. O Algin B Hakyemez M Parlak 2010 Phase-contrast MRI and 3D-CISS versus contrast-enhanced MR cisternography on the evaluation of the aqueductal stenosis Neuroradiology 52 99 108 19756563 10.1007/s00234-009-0592-x
3. N Blow 2007 Tissue preparation: tissue issues Nature 448 959 963 17713539 10.1038/448959a Small vessel disease: a population-based study. Stroke 41: 2483-2490 (Pubitemid 47312767)
4. AL Bruna I Martins B Husson P Landrieu 2009 Developmental dilatation of Virchow-Robin spaces: a genetic disorder? Pediatr Neurol 41 275 280 19748047 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.04.026
5. B Caner A Bekar B Hakyemez O Taskapilioglu K Aksoy 2008 Dilatation of Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces: report of 3 cases with different localizations Minim Invasive Neurosurg 51 11 14 18306125 10.1055/s-2007-1022538 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c7ks1Cmsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 351373667)
6. A Cerase IM Vallone CF Muccio C Petrini G Signori C Venturi 2010 Regression of dilated perivascular spaces of the brain Surg Radiol Anat 32 555 561 19957183 10.1007/s00276-009-0603-y
7. FN Doubal AM MacLullich KJ Ferguson MS Dennis JM Wardlaw 2010 Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease Stroke 41 450 454 20056930 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.564914
8. J Dziewiatkowski J Spondnik S Wójcik E Spondnik J Moryś 2002 The influence of storage time upon the real thickness of the histological brain sections Folia Histochem 40 2 115 116 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38zhsVCrtg%3D%3D
9. Etemadifar M, Hekmatnia A, Tayari N, Kazemi M, Ghazevi A, Akbari M, Maghzi AH (2010) Features of Virchow-Robin spaces in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients. Eur J Radiol Jul 20 (in press)
10. O Fayeye BL Pettorini K Foster D Rodrigues 2010 Mesencephalic enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces in a 6-year-old boy: a case-based update Childs Nerv Syst 26 1155 1160 20437240 10.1007/s00381-010-1164-4
11. L Flors C Levina-Salinas G Cabrera M Mazón C Poyatos 2010 Obstructive hydrocephalus due to cavernous dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces Neurology 74 1746 20498444 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e04312 1:STN:280: DC%2BC3czlvFaksQ%3D%3D
12. V Frýdl R Koch H Závodská 1989 The effect of formalin fixation on several properties of the brain Zentralbl Allg Pathol 135 649 655 2588832 Article in German
13. Grinberg LT, Amaro E Jr, Teipel S, dos Santos DD, Pasqualucci CA, Leite RE, Camargo CR, Gonçalves JA, Sanches AG, Santana M, Ferretti RE, Jacob-Filho W, Nitrini R, Heinsen H; Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group 2008 Assessment of factors that confound MRI and neuropathological correlation of human postmortem brain tissue Cell Tissue Bank. 9 195 203 10.1007/s10561-008- 9080-5
14. S Groeschel WK Chong R Surtees F Hanefeld 2006 Virchow-Robin spaces on magnetic resonance images: normative data, their dilatation, and a review of the literature Neuroradiology 48 745 754 16896908 10.1007/s00234-006-0112-1 (Pubitemid 44490052)
15. P House KL Salzman AG Osborn JD MacDonald RL Jensen WT Couldwell 2004 Surgical considerations regarding giant dilations of the perivascular spaces J Neurosurg 100 820 824 15137600 10.3171/jns.2004.100.5.0820 (Pubitemid 38533965)
16. O Hunziker A Schweizer 1977 Postmortem changes in stereological parameters of cerebral capillaries Beitr Pathol 161 244 255 603485 1:STN:280:DyaE1c7gt12htw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 8255057)
17. S Kida PV Steart ET Zhang RO Weller 1993 Perivascular cells act as scavengers in the cerebral perivascular spaces and remain distinct from pericytes, microglia and macrophages Acta Neuropathol 85 646 652 8337943 10.1007/BF00334675 1:STN:280:DyaK3szjtFyltA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 23212032)
18. M Komiyama T Yasui T Izumi 1998 Magnetic resonance imaging features of unusually dilated Virchow-Robin spaces-two case reports Neurol Med Chir Tokyo 38 161 164 9597859 10.2176/nmc.38.161 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3mtVWmsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28191246)
19. RM Kwee TG Kwee 2007 Virchow-Robin spaces at MR imaging Radiographics 27 1071 1086 17620468 10.1148/rg.274065722
20. S Marinkovic H Gibo B Filipović V Crossed D signulejić I Piščević 2005 Microanatomy of the subependymal arteries of the lateral ventricle Surg Neurol 63 451 458 15883071 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.06. 013 (Pubitemid 40692578)
21. J Mathias L Koessler H Brissart S Foscolo E Schmitt S Bracard M Braun S Kremer 2007 Giant cystic widening of Virchow-Robin spaces: an anatomofunctional study AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28 1523 1525 17846204 10.3174/ajnr.A0622 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2srjt1eisg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 47462940)
22. T Ogawa T Okudera H Fukasawa M Hashimoto A Inugami H Fujita J Hatazawa E Shimosegawa K Noguchi K Uemura S Nakajima N Yasui 1995 Unusual widening of Virchow-Robin spaces: MR appearance AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16 1238 1242 7677015 1:STN:280:DyaK2MvgslCqsA%3D%3D
23. CE Papayannis P Saidon CA Rugilo D Hess G Rodriguez RE Sica RC Rey 2003 Expanding Virchow Robin spaces in the midbrain causing hydrocephalus AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 1399 1403 12917137 (Pubitemid 37012839)
24. ML Rennels TF Gregory OR Blaumanis K Fujimoto PA Grady 1985 Evidence for a 'paravascular' fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space Brain Res 326 47 63 3971148 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91383-6 1:STN:280:DyaL2M7itlyhtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 15160009)
25. M Sadowski J Moryś B Berdel B Maciejewska 1995 Influence of fixation and histological procedure on the morphometric parameters of neuronal cells Folia Morphol Warsz 54 219 226 8754973 1:STN:280:DyaK28zjsVSgtA%3D%3D
26. S Sheth BF Branstetter 4th EJ Escott 2009 Appearance of normal cranial nerves on steady-state free precession MR images Radiographics 29 1045 1055 19605655 10.1148/rg.294085743
27. K Shiratori M Mrowka A Toussaint G Spalke S Bien 2002 Extreme, unilateral widening of Virchow-Robin spaces: case report Neuroradiology 44 990 992 12483444 10.1007/s00234-002-0840-9 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38jitFamtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36104558)
28. N Tomita F Kodama H Kanamori S Motomura Y Ishigatsubo 2002 Prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone reduces central nervous system recurrence and improves survival in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma Cancer 95 576 580 12209750 10.1002/cncr.10699 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmsVWru78%3D (Pubitemid 34810183)
29. Y Ugawa I Shirouzu Y Terao R Hanajima K Machii H Mochizuki T Furubayashi I Kanazawa 1998 Physiological analyses of a patient with extreme widening of Virchow-Robin spaces J Neurol Sci 159 25 27 9700699 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00140- 3 1:STN:280:DyaK1czms1SmtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28365879)
30. J Wuerfel M Haertle H Waiczies E Tysiak I Bechmann KD Wernecke F Zipp F Paul 2008 Perivascular spaces-MRI marker of inflammatory activity in the brain? Brain 131 2332 2340 18676439 10.1093/brain/awn171
31. ET Zhang CB Inman RO Weller 1990 Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum J Anat 170 111 123 2254158 1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2Fnt1Sktw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20209323)
32. YC Zhu C Dufouil A Soumaré H Chabriat C Tzourio 2010 High degree of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces on MRI is associated with increased risk of dementia J Alzheimers Dis 22 663 672 20847444
33. YC Zhu C Tzourio A Soumaré B Mazoyer C Dufouil H Chabriat 2010 Severity of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces is associated with age, blood pressure, and MRI markers of small vessel disease: a population-based study Stroke 41 2483 2490 20864661 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.591586
34. YC Zhu C Dufouil B Mazoyer A Soumaré F Ricolfi C Tzourio H Chabriat 2011 Frequency and location of dilated virchow-robin spaces in elderly people: a population-based 3D MR imaging study AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32 709 713 21349956 10.3174/ajnr.A2366